Siqala uchungechunge lwezithulo mayelana nokuthi Ungayifaka kanjani futhi uyilungiselele kanjani i-Primary Master DNS kanye ne-Cache ku-Debian Squeeze?, esihlose ukuhlinzeka ngazo indawo yokungena ezweni elithakazelisayo lale nsizakalo ebalulekile yokusebenza kweNethiwekhi Yamanethiwekhi okuyi-inthanethi.
Zonke izihloko zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokulandelana. Izingxenye 1 no- 2 ziqukethe ulwazi oluncane lwethiyori oludingekayo ukuze umuntu osaqalayo aqonde futhi afake iseva ye-DNS.
Siyabancoma ukuthi bangesatshiswa. Funda futhi usebenzise okubhaliwe futhi nakanjani uzothola imiphumela emihle. Futhi kwabasolwa ngokujwayelekile bokuwela ekuphelelweni yithemba, sincoma ukuzola, ukuzola okukhulu uma ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani le nsizakalo ebalulekile.
Ungixolele ukusetshenziswa kwamagama esiNgisi kanye ne-Anglicism ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwenziwe ukuthola ukucaciseleka kobuchwepheshe ngokubhala.
Izici esizozithuthukisa kule Ngxenye yokuqala yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Isingeniso
- Izincazelo eziwusizo
- Izilungiselelo ezivame kakhulu ze-DNS
- Izindawo namaRekhodi
- Izikhathi Zokuqeda Isikhathi
- Amathiphu
Isingeniso
Basho esigodini iWWW ukuthi iDNS ingenye yezindawo ezimnyama kakhulu zezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akunjalo - ikakhulukazi i-LAN - njengoba sizokhombisa ngezihloko ezilandelayo. Noma umuntu engayifuni, kucishe kuphoqeleke ukufunda ingxenye encane yethiyori.
Incazelo ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia :
I -DNS iyisizindalwazi esisatshalaliswe, esinohlu oluphezulu esigcina ulwazi oluhlobene namagama esizinda kumanethiwekhi afana ne-inthanethi. Nakuba njengesizindalwazi i-DNS ingahlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi negama ngalinye, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvame kakhulu ukwabela amagama esizinda kumakheli e-IP nokuthola amaseva e-imeyili esizinda ngasinye.
Ukuqamba amagama kumakheli we-IP ngokuqinisekile kuyisici esaziwa kakhulu sezivumelwano ze-DNS. Isibonelo, uma ikheli le-IP lesiza se-prox.mx FTP lingu-200.64.128.4, iningi labantu lifinyelela kulo mshini ngokucacisa i-fp.prox.mx hhayi ikheli le-IP. Ngaphezu kokukhumbuleka kalula, igama lithembekile. Ikheli lezinombolo lingashintsha ngezizathu eziningi, ngaphandle kokuthi ushintshe igama.
Ekuqaleni, i-DNS yazalwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhumbula kalula amagama awo wonke amaseva axhunywe kwi-Intanethi. Ekuqaleni, i-SRI (manje eyi-SRI International) ibibambe ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi ama-HOSTS aqukethe wonke amagama wesizinda aziwayo (ngochwepheshe, leli fayela likhona, futhi amasistimu amaningi wamanje wokusebenza angalungiselelwa ukuhlola ifayili lakho le-Host). Ukukhula okuqhumayo kwenethiwekhi kwenza ukuthi uhlelo lokuqamba amagama lube yimbumba olungelona olungenakwenzeka futhi ngo-1983, uPaul Mockapetris washicilela ama-RFC 882 kanye nama-883 echaza lokho namuhla okuguquke kwaba yi-DNS yanamuhla. (Lawa ma-RFC enziwe aphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushicilelwa kuka-1987 ama-RFC 1034 no-1035).
Amakhompyutha asebenza kuwo le nsizakalo abizwa ngokuthi "Amaseva Egama" . I-Debian ifaka izinhlelo eziningana ezindaweni zayo zokugcina ze-DNS esebenzayo, futhi phakathi kwazo yileyo esetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-inthanethi: BIND noma "Berkeley Internet Naming Domain".
I-BIND iyiseva ye-DNS ejwayelekile . Iyisofthiwe yamahhala futhi isatshalaliswa ngamapulatifomu amaningi e-UNIX kanye ne-Linux. I-BIND ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i -daemon eqanjwe igama ." Ungathola ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseva e-DNS lapha (i-Wikipedia yesiNgisi).
Izincazelo eziwusizo
I-NetBIOS: Uhlelo Lokufaka/Lokukhipha Okuyisisekelo Kwenethiwekhi (i-NetBIOS): Uhlelo lokufaka/lokukhipha oluyisisekelo lwenethiwekhi (i-NetBIOS). Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuhlela uhlelo lokusebenza (i-API) esingasetshenziswa izinhlelo kunethiwekhi yendawo (i-LAN).
I-NetBIOS inikeza izinhlelo ngesethi efanayo yemiyalo yokucela izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphansi ezidingekayo ukuphatha amagama, ukuqondisa amaseshini, nokuthumela " ama-datagram " phakathi kwama-node kunethiwekhi.
Igama le-NetBIOS: Igama lama-bit angu-16 lenqubo esebenzisa i-Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS). Leli gama liqashelwa yisevisi ye-Microsoft ye-Windows Internet Name System (WINS), ehlanganisa noma "ixhumanisa" ikhompyutha noma igama lesizinda nekheli elithile le-IP.
I-FQDN : “Igama Lesizinda Elifaneleke Ngokugcwele .” Njengoba ukuhumusha amagama esiNgisi obuchwepheshe kuvame ukuba nzima, ngincoma ukufunda igama lesiNgisi, futhi ngezinjongo ezingokoqobo, ukulibiza ngokuthi i- FQDN . Yigama lesizinda le-DNS elisungulwe ukukhombisa indawo yalo ephelele esihlahleni sesikhala segama lesizinda.
Ngokungafani namagama ahlobene, igama lesizinda elifaneleke ngokugcwele (i-FQDN) landulelwa yisikhathi ukukhombisa indawo yalo empandeni yesikhala segama. Isibonelo, i-freake.amigos.cu iyi- FQDN yomsingathi ogama lakhe le-NetBIOS lingu-freake futhi lingesizinda se-amigos.cu.
abangani.cu. freake.amigos.cu. othooc.amigos.cu. mail.amigos.cu.
Izilungiselelo ezivame kakhulu ze-DNS
Singakwazi ukumisa i-DNS noma i-Domain Name Server ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu yile:
Iseva Yokugcina Idatha ( “Iseva Yokugcina Idatha” ): Izicelo ezenziwe kuseva zizoxazululwa ngabathumeli esibachazayo ekucushweni kwayo. Izimpendulo zizogcinwa futhi “zikhunjulwe” lapho iseva yokugcina idatha ibuzwa futhi, okwandisa kakhulu isivinini sokuphendula.
I-Primary Master : Izicelo ezenziwe kuseva zizoxazululwa ngokufunda idatha egcinwe kumafayela endawo ezindawo ezidaliwe. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, izoba yiSeva Yegama enegunya leNdawo eceliwe.
I-Secondary Master : Izicelo ezenziwe kuseva zizoxazululwa ngokubuza ngqo iseva ye-Primary Master enegunya ye-Zone eceliwe. Igcina ikhophi esesikhathini ye-Primary Master's Zones.
Singayilungisa futhi ukuze benze imisebenzi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye, njengokuba yi-Primary Master ne-Caché ngasikhathi sinye, okuvame kakhulu kumanethiwekhi wethu webhizinisi.
Izindawo namaRekhodi
Ama-Zone amafayela ombhalo ocacile asivumela ukuhlela amarekhodi e-DNS . Igama le-zone ngalinye lihambisana negama lesizinda noma uhla lwamakheli e-IP, njenge-subnet eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Iqukethe, phakathi kwezinye idatha, amarekhodi amaningana ezinhlobo noma izigaba ezahlukene, esizokhuluma ngazo okulandelayo kuphela:
I-SOA : “Ukuqala Kwegunya” . Leli irekhodi eliyimpoqo kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi elilodwa kuphela okufanele libe khona kufayela ngalinye lendawo. Lisebenza njengesethulo sawo wonke amafayela endawo . Lichaza indawo ngokwayo; umshini noma umsingathi ovela kuwo; ukuthi ubani ophethe okuqukethwe kwawo; inguqulo yefayela lendawo; kanye nezinye izici ezihlobene nokusebenza kweseva ye-DNS. Kubalulekile ukuthi ifayela ngalinye lendawo liqukethe irekhodi le-A elikhomba umshini noma umsingathi lapho iseva ye-DNS ihlala khona.
I-NS : Ihlanganisa igama neSeva Yegama . Isizinda ngasinye kumele okungenani sibe nerekhodi elilodwa le-NS. Leli rekhodi likhomba iseva ye-DNS engaphendula imibuzo ephathelene nesizinda. Lingakhomba ku-Primary Master noma ku-Secondary Master.
A : “Ikheli” – (Ikheli). Leli rekhodi lisetshenziselwa ukuhumusha amagama e-hostname abe amakheli e-IPv4.
I-AAAA : “Ikheli” – (Ikheli). Leli rekhodi lisetshenziselwa ukuhumusha amagama e-hostname abe amakheli e-IPv6.
I-CNAME : “Igama Le-Canonical” – (Igama Le-Canonical). Uhlobo lwerekhodi olusivumela ukuthi sinikeze amagama amaningi kumphathi ofanayo noma sidale amagama angajwayelekile . Ake sithi sine-host web.amigos.cu, lapho sifake khona iseva yewebhu, futhi sifuna ibizwa ngokuthi i-www.amigos.cu. Bese kuthi, endaweni ye-amigos.cu, kumele sibe namarekhodi, phakathi kwamanye:
iwebhu KU-192.168.10.20 www IN CNAME web.amigos.cu.
I-MX : “I-Mail Exchange” noma i-Mail Server . Ulwazi olusetshenziswa amanye amaseva emeyili ukuze wazi ukuthi kufanele ithunyelwe kuphi i-imeyili enikezwe ikheli le-IP. Irekhodi ngalinye le-MX linokubalulekile, kanti irekhodi linenombolo ephansi kakhulu elibaluleke kakhulu. Izibonelo:
10 imeyili1.amigos.cu. 20 imeyili2.amigos.cu.
I-PTR : Ukumaka ikheli le-IP negama . Izinhlobo zamarekhodi agcinwe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izindawo ezingemuva". Isibonelo, i-Zone 10.168.192.in-addr.arpa iqukethe ukumaka okuphambene kwawo wonke amakheli kububanzi bekheli le-IP 192.168.10.0/24
Vele uhlu lwezinhlobo zamarekhodi luyaqhubeka ...
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwendawo noma izikhathi zokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Lapho sakha amafayela wezindawo zamarekhodi e-DNS, kufanele silungiselele i-Expired Times ngemizuzwana. Noma kunjalo, singazichaza ngendlela emfushane ngokusho kwetafula elilandelayo:
Segundos Unidades Descripción 60 1M A un minuto 1800 30M A 30 minutos 3600 1H Una Hora 10800 3H 3 horas 21600 6H 6 horas 43200 12H 12 horas 86400 1D Un día 259200 3D 3 días 604800 1W Una semana
Amathiphu
Kumelwe siqaphele kakhulu lapho sibhalela amafayela e-zone. Ama-FQDN kumele aphele ngophawu ( . ), futhi asikwazi ukushiya izikhala ekugcineni komugqa ngamunye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu , sincoma kakhulu ukusebenzisa abahleli bekhonsoli abafana ne -vi noma i-nano . Sizosebenzisa i-nano , esiyithola ilula ukuyisebenzisa. Vele, singasebenzisa nabahleli bombhalo ocacile abane-interface yomsebenzisi enemifanekiso (i-GUI).
Ngiyethemba awuzange ube nesithukuthezi ngoba kusekuncane okuzokwenziwa kulolu daba.