I-Quantum Computing: Ikusasa Le-Free Software Computing

Muva nje, esihlokweni esedlule nesakamuva ngo DesdeLinux ibizwa nge-IMicrosoft ikhipha ama-Q # compiler nama-quantum simulators ayo»Sikhulume kancane nge-«Ikhompiyutha ye-Quantum«. Kepha Kuyini i-Quantum Computing? Kuletha ziphi izinzuzo nentuthuko? Usebenzisa hlobo luni lwe-Hardware ne-Software? futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kithi: Ingabe kukhona ukuthuthuka noma iminikelo ye-Free Software emkhakheni we-Quantum Computing?

Kulolu shicilelo sizoyiphendula kafushane yonke le mibuzo ukuze njengobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu, ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, idatha enkulu, i-blockchain, ubuchwepheshe be-5G, phakathi kwabanye, singahamba sazi, sijulise futhi sihlukanise ulwazi mayelana nabo.

Ikhompiyutha ye-Quantum kungenxa yezinkampani ezinkulu ezizimele namandla omhlaba obunye bobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obuzoshintsha "imithetho yomdlalo" wezwe njengoba sazi. Lokho kusho ukuthi, izoba ngomunye wemisebenzi emisha elandelayo endaweni yamakhompyutha kuleli khulu leminyaka, ngaphandle kwezindleko ezingavunyelwe kanye nokutholakala kwayo.

Okwamanje, abacwaningi, izikhungo zemfundo, izinhlangano ezizimele kanye nohulumeni basebenza futhi batshale imali ebonakalayo yezinsizakusebenza zobuchwepheshe nezezezimali ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo nangempumelelo i-physics ye-quantum kumakhompyutha amasha ukwenza izibalo ngokushesha okukhulu kunamakhompiyutha wendabuko.

Ikhompiyutha ye-Quantum

Yini i-quantum computing?

I-Quantum Computing yiyona esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izici ezilindelekile ze-quantum zezinhlayiya, ikakhulukazi ukugqagqana nokubambeka, ukwenza izinqubo nokwenza izibalo ngejubane elingakholeki ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zendabuko. Kusewubuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo obuchuma ngokugcwele.

Ngokuhambisana nokusebenzisa imithetho ye-quantum mechanics ukucubungula ulwazi ukufeza isivinini esikhulu, nathi uthola ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima ezingafinyelelwa yikhompyutha yendabuko. Futhi ekugcineni, amakhompyutha asebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe agcina imininingwane eminingi kakhulu kunaleyo yakudala, okungukuthi, unamandla okusebenza (ukucubungula) amanani amakhulu wezibalo, ngokuyiqhuba ngokufana nangemizuzwana.

Ngabe amakhompyutha we-quantum asebenza kanjani?

Amakhompiyutha amanje nalawo akudala asebenzisa ukulandelana kwamabhithi Ingcosana ngayinye esetshenzisiwe ihlala kwesinye sezimo ezimbili ezaziwayo, zero (0) noma eyodwa (1). Lokhu kusebenza njengokuvula nokucisha ukulawula imisebenzi yekhompyutha.

Ngokuphambene, ikhompyutha ye-quantum isebenzisa ama-quantum bits noma ama-qubits. Okuthi, ngayinye yazo ingamela zombili uziro (0) no-1 (XNUMX) ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi lezi zingasekela amayunithi wedatha ngasikhathi sinye angaba khona emazweni angaphezu kwesisodwa. Lesi sici umkhawulo okhona kumakhompyutha wamanje wesikhathi sekhompiyutha yendabuko esebenzisa amasistimu kanambambili.

Iyini i-quantum hardware efana?

Amakhompyutha we-Quantum awakwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha noma iyiphi i-HW esetshenziswa njengamanje kumakhompyutha we-classical. Njengoba lokhu kugxila kakhulu ekuhambeni kwama-electron ngokusebenzisa izintambo eziphakeme kakhulu ezipholile kumazinga okushisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukupholisa kwazo kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwamagesi amakhulu kakhulu, njenge-helium-3, eyi-isotope ye-helium okunzima kakhulu ukuyithola.

Amakhompyutha we-Quantum akhelwe manje ngaphansi kwalesi simiso se-cryogenics noma ukupholisa kakhulu, kepha inqubekela phambili iyaqhubeka kokunye okuthuthukile nangesikhathi esizayo njengamasistimu asuselwa kumikhakha ye-electromagnetic nokulawulwa kwe-laser okungaxazulula ukungabi bikho kwezinsimbi eziyalelwa yisijeziso.

Futhi amazwe afana I-USA, ngezinkampani ezifana ne-IBM, Google ne-Microsoft, ithuthuke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakhompyutha ayo wequantum. Futhi iChina, ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ezinjenge-Alibaba neBaidu, ayikude kakhulu emuva. I-Russia ne-Europe basesehlelweni lwe-R & D.

Yisiphi isoftware ye-quantum ekhona namuhla?

Ezingeni lokuhweba, i- «I-Quantum Dev Kit» (Ikhithi Yokuthuthukisa ye-Quantum) kusuka kwaMicrosoft, okuyisoftware ephathelene futhi evaliwe. Okungatholwa futhi nge Inethiwekhi ye-Microsoft Quantum, okungeyona enye into ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi eyakhiwe umfelandawonye wabalingani be-MS ukufeza ukwabelana ngolwazi nokusebenzisana nabasunguli abakhulu kunabo bonke kwikhompyutha ye-quantum.

Enye isoftware ye-quantum evela ezinkampanini ezizimele, kodwa ekhishwe njenge-Free Software, iyi- I-QUISKIT (i-Quantum Information Science Kit). I-QUISKIT iphrojekthi ye-Apache License Free Software eyenziwe yi-IBM. I-QISKIT ivumela ukusebenzisana kohlelo neprosesa ye-quantum kanye ne-IBM simulators kusetshenziswa ikhodi ye-Python ehlangana nohlelo lwe-quantum ngolimi olumelele oluphakathi olubizwa nge-OPENQASM.

Le Software yamahhala ebizwa ngokuthi yi-QUISKIT yazalwa ngo-2017, lapho i-IBM iguqula iphrojekthi yayo eyethulwe ngo-2016, ebizwa ngokuthi "Isipiliyoni seQuantum”, Ngokwenza lokhu yenze ukuthi iprosesa ye-quantum engu-5 itholakale kuwo wonke umuntu ngefu layo.

Okwamanje i-QUISKIT yakhiwe nge:

• I-API: Isisongeli sePython ku-Quantum Experience HTTP API ekuvumela ukuthi uxhume futhi usebenzise ikhodi I-OPENQASM.
• I-SDK: Ikhithi yokuthuthukisa yokwenziwa kwamasekethe futhi evumela ukusebenzisa i-QISKIT API ukufinyelela i-Quantum Experience hardware kanye nama-simulators.
• Ulimi: Iqoqo lezincazelo, izibonelo, imibhalo kanye namathuluzi wokumelwa okuphakathi kwe-OPENQASM.

Kukhona okunye okuningi okungaziwa kakhulu, kepha njengamanje I-QUISKIT ibeka okujwayelekile ezingeni le-quantum Free Software. Futhi ine- I-API ePython kuzovumela abahleli bezinhlelo emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi labo abasemkhakheni weSoftware yamahhala, ukuthi baqale ukuzama nokusebenza ngeprosesa ye-quantum etholakala efwini labo.

Isiphetho

I-Quantum computing namuhla ithuba elihle kakhulu locwaningo nentuthuko (R&D) kokubili kubantu (izibalo, ososayensi, ososayensi bamakhompyutha kanye nochwepheshe) kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi nezizimele, endaweni yesayensi yamakhompyutha. Yize lokhu okwamanje kusaqala, leli gatsha elisha lolwazi nobuchwepheshe lizobona amandla alo ezokwenzeka eminyakeni ezayo. yize ukuyibona kumakhompyutha wethu wedeskithophu kuzothatha iminyaka eminingi ngemuva kokuthuthuka kwayo kwezohwebo.

Kepha nakanjani endaweni ye-Quantum Software Development kokubili okuyimfihlo nokukhululekile ngokuqinisekile kuzothuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi impela Isoftware yamahhala izosizakala kule ndawo entsha.