I-YouTube isebenzisa i-HTML5 ngokuzenzakalela

Wonke umuntu uyamzonda uFlash. Ukuyisebenzisa, udinga ukufaka i-plug-in, yona ngokwayo enzima. Kepha sengathi lokhu bekunganele, kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha, kunezimbobo zokuphepha, kudla inani elikhulu lezinsizakusebenza, futhi akusebenzi kahle kumadivayisi amaningi weselula. Unalokhu engqondweni, abantu bakwaGoogle kade basebenza ukukhipha i-YouTube i-plug-in ye-Adobe engasasebenzi manje. Ngeshwa, okuthathe iminyaka eminingana, ekugcineni kuyaphela: I-YouTube isanda kumemezela ukuthi izosebenzisa i-HTML5 ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzoba kubasebenzisi beziphequluli zesimanjemanje kakhulu: i-Chrome, IE 11, iSafari 8, kanye "nezinguqulo ze-beta zeFirefox".

Ushintsho belunzima kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abakholelwa. Eminyakeni emine nje edlule, i-YouTube idwebe uhlu olude lwezinkinga ebinazo nge-HTML5. Namuhla bachaza ukuthi baxazulula kanjani inkinga ngayinye nokuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe "obufanayo" obekufanele babuthuthukise ukunika i-HTML5 umfutho owudingayo.

Izandiso zeMediaSource

Ukusakazwa kwe-Bitrate ye-Adaptive (ABR) kubalulekile ekunikezeni isipiliyoni sekhwalithi kubabukeli, kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ngokushesha futhi ngokushelela kahle isixazululo nesivinini sokulanda lapho kunezimo zenethiwekhi eziguqukayo. I-ABR inciphise ukubhafa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 emhlabeni jikelele nangamaphesenti angama-80 kumanethiwekhi aminyene kakhulu. Izandiso zeMediaSource, okwamanje, zivumela ukusakazwa bukhoma kuma-consoles afana ne-Xbox ne-PS4, kumadivayisi afana ne-Chromecast, nakuziphequluli zewebhu.

I-VP9 codec yevidiyo

I-HTML5 ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-VP9 (open) video codec -developed by Google- futhi esebenza njengenye indlela yamakhodekhi okuphathelene h264 y h265. Lokhu kunika amandla ukudlala kwevidiyo esezingeni eliphakeme ngokwehliswa komkhawulokudonsa okuphakathi kwamaphesenti angama-35. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuncipha kosayizi wamafayela evidiyo kuvumela abantu abaningi abaningi ukuthi bakwazi ukufinyelela kumavidiyo ngekhwalithi ye-HD naku-4K kuma-FPS angama-60; namavidiyo azoqala ngokushesha ngamaphesenti ayi-15-80. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-YouTube isivele igcina amakhulu ezigidi zamavidiyo ngefomethi ye-VP9, ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kwayo akudingekile.

I-DRM

Esikhathini esedlule, ukukhetha kwepulatifomu yokulethwa (iFlash, iSilverlight, njll.) Nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela okuqukethwe (i-Access, i-PlayReady) bekuxhunyaniswe kakhulu, njengoba ukuvikelwa kokuqukethwe kuhlanganiswe ngokujulile kupulatifomu yokulethwa nakufomethi yefayela. Izandiso zemidiya ezibetheliwe zihlukanisa umsebenzi wokuvikela okuqukethwe kusuka ekulethweni, okuvumela abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe abanjengo-YouTube ukuthi basebenzise isidlali sevidiyo esisodwa se-HTML5 ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene. Kuhlanganiswe nokubethela okuvamile, i-YouTube isekela ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokuvikela okuqukethwe kuzingxenyekazi ezahlukahlukene ezineqoqo elilodwa lamafa, okwenza ukudlala kusheshe futhi kube bushelelezi.

I-WebRTC

I-YouTube ivumela wonke umuntu ukuthi abelane ngamavidiyo wakhe nomhlaba, kungaba ngokulayisha amavidiyo aqoshwe ngaphambilini noma ngokusakaza bukhoma. I-WebRTC ikuvumela ukuthi urekhode futhi ulayishe amavidiyo ku-YouTube usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obusemuva kwe-Google Hangouts.

Isikrini esigcwele

Ngokusebenzisa ama-API amasha wesikrini esigcwele se-HTML5, i-YouTube iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesipiliyoni sesikrini esigcwele.

Inothi ku-DRM naku-HTML5

Le ntuthuko ayizuzanga umphakathi we-YouTube kuphela, kodwa nayo yonke imboni. Abanye abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe abanjengoNetflix neVimeo, kanye nezinkampani ezinjengeMicrosoft neApple sebethathe i-HTML5, nokungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuphumeleleni kwayo. Ngokunikeza ipulatifomu ejwayelekile evulekile, i-HTML5 iphinde inike amandla ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zamadivayisi, njenge-Chromebook ne-Chromecast.

Manje, ngaphakathi kwale sethi yezindaba ezinhle, ukufakwa kwe-DRM akuyeki ukubhimba isikhumba. Ngeshwa, lokhu kumane nje kuyisiphetho esingenakugwemeka nesilindelekile sencwadi entsha eyaqala maphakathi no-2013 lapho kwamukelwa ukufakwa kwe-DRM ku-HTML5, kulandela ingcindezi enkulu evela kwabakhulu abasembonini, njengeGoogle, Apple, Microsoft, INetflix.neVimeo. Kwathi ngoMeyi 2014, noMozilla kwadingeka anikeze ingalo yakhe ukuze asonte futhi asekele DRM kuFirefox. Eqenjini elizibophezele ekwenzeni isoftware yamahhala namazinga avulekile, lesi bekuyisinqumo esinzima. I-DRM isetshenziselwa ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwempahla enamalungelo obunikazi futhi isebenzisa amamojula womthombo ovaliwe, womabili angaphikisana nefilosofi yeMozilla kanye ne-HTML5: indinganiso evulekile yewebhu.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, akungabazeki ukuthi i-HTML5, ngisho nangetshe esicathulweni okushiwo ukufakwa kwe-DRM, ingcono kuneFlash. Ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ukusetshenziswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-HTML5 ku-YouTube, ingosi enkulu yevidiyo laphaya, kuyizindaba ezinhle. Kungaqhathaniswa kuphela ne- ukusetshenziswa kwe-HTML5 ngeNetflix. Noma kunjalo, enye yelime kanye nesihlabathi esisodwa.