Imiqondo, ukufundwa namawebhusayithi okufanele wonke umsebenzisi we-GNU / Linux akwazi

Namuhla, kubalulekile kunoma yikuphi ilungu nomsebenzisi noma yikuphi umphakathi noma ubuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kwakho konke okusha, ukwazi ngokujule i- izisekelo eziyisisekelo yakho konke abakusebenzisayo, ababelana ngakho nabakwesekayo.

Ngakho-ke, kule ncwadi sizokwethula okuthile imiqondo eyisisekelo ezihlobene Isoftware yamahhala, Umthombo Ovulekile, i-GNU, i-Linux / i-BSD / i-Unix, okuyingxenye ye- ukufundwa okuyisisekelo de amawebhusayithi abalulekile, ukuthi sonke esiyingxenye yalo Mphakathi, kufanele sikwenze ngesikhathi esithile, ikakhulukazi uma siqala kuwo.

Ngakho-ke, i izincomo lapho ufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo evezwe lapha, ukuthi okufanayo kujula ngokusebenzisa i- ukufundwa okuyisisekelo lapho zikhishwe khona, okungukuthi, zazo amawebhusayithi okusakaza asemthethweni, ukuze bacebise ulwazi lwabo ngalokho esikuthanda kakhulu, noma baqale ukuthanda kakhulu uma bengabasebenzisi abasha bomphakathi.

Imiqondo, ukufundwa namawebhusayithi awusizo

Imiqondo eyisisekelo yokufunda

Ngokusho kwe- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-GNU Project, Okulandelayo imiqondo eyisisekelo ingachazwa kafushane ngale ndlela elandelayo, noma kunjalo ngicela ukhumbule ukwenza i- kunconywe ukufundwa kwezixhumanisi ezihambisanayo ukuqonda wonke umongo ohlobene nencazelo emfushane enjalo:

Kusho ukuthini ukufaka isoftware yamahhala?

"Yi-software ehlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi neyomphakathi. Ngokubanzi, kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi banenkululeko yokusebenzisa, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukuguqula, nokwenza ngcono isoftware. Ngamanye amagama, "isoftware yamahhala" umbuzo wenkululeko, hhayi intengo. Ukuze uqonde umqondo, cabanga "ngokukhululekile" ngokuthi "inkulumo yamahhala," hhayi "ibha yamahhala." NgesiNgisi, kwesinye isikhathi esikhundleni se- "software yamahhala" sithi "isoftware yamahhala", sisebenzisa leso sichasiso sesiFulentshi noma iSpanish, esisuselwe "kwinkululeko", ukukhombisa ukuthi asisho ukuthi isoftware imahhala." Ukufundwa okunconyiwe.

Yimuphi umqondo ofakwa ngumthombo ovulekile?

"Amagama athi "isoftware yamahhala" kanye "nomthombo ovulekile" abhekisele cishe kusethi efanayo yezinhlelo. Kodwa-ke, basho izinto ezihluke kakhulu ngalezi zinhlelo, ngokuya ngamanani ahlukile. Ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwesoftware kuvikela inkululeko yabasebenzisi bekhompyutha, ngenhlangano yenkululeko nobulungiswa. Ngokuphambene, umqondo ovulekile womthombo ngokuyinhloko ubheka izinzuzo ezisebenzayo futhi awuyivikeli imigomo. Zombili zichaza cishe isigaba esifanayo sesoftware, kepha zimele ukubukwa okususelwa kumanani ahluke ngokuphelele." Ukufundwa okunconyiwe.

Iyini incazelo yeGNU njengohlelo Lokusebenza?

"I-GNU uhlelo lwamahhala lokusebenza kwesoftware, okusho ukuthi, iyayihlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-GNU luqukethe amaphakheji we-GNU (izinhlelo ezishicilelwe ngokukhethekile iphrojekthi ye-GNU) kanye nesoftware yamahhala eshicilelwe ngabantu besithathu. Ukwenziwa kwe-GNU kuvumele ikhompyutha ukuthi isetshenziswe ngaphandle kwesoftware enyathela inkululeko yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GNU iyisistimu yokusebenza efana ne-Unix, okusho ukuthi iqoqo lezinhlelo eziningi: izinhlelo zokusebenza, imitapo yolwazi, amathuluzi okuthuthukisa, kanye nemidlalo." Ukufundwa okunconyiwe.

Iyini incazelo efakwa yiLinux njengeKernel yohlelo Lokusebenza?

"I-Linux yi-kernel: uhlelo lohlelo olubhekele ukwaba izinsizakusebenza zomshini kwezinye izinhlelo eziqhutshwa ngumsebenzisi. I-kernel iyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa engenamsebenzi iyodwa, ingasebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo oluphelele lokusebenza. I-Linux imvamisa isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNU: uhlelo oluphelele ngokuyisisekelo yi-GNU lapho iLinux ingezwe khona, okungukuthi, i-GNU / Linux. Konke ukusabalalisa okubizwa nge- "Linux" empeleni kungukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux." Ukufundwa okunconyiwe.

Ezinye izisekelo eziwusizo

Iyiphi incazelo efakwa yi-BSD njenge-Kernel yohlelo Lokusebenza?

"«I-BSD imele "iBerkeley Software Distribution". Yigama leNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, ukusatshalaliswa kwamakhodi womthombo waseBerkeley, okwakuyizandiso zohlelo lokuqala lwe-UNIX® kusuka ku-AT & T Research. Amaphrojekthi amaningi wezinhlelo zokusebenza zomthombo ovulekile anomsuka wawo ekusatshalalisweni kwale khodi eyaziwa nge-4.4BSD-Lite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aqukethe amaphakheji amaningi avela kwamanye amaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile, kufaka phakathi ikakhulukazi iphrojekthi ye-GNU." Ukufundwa okunconyiwe.

Eminye imiqondo ebalulekile esikuphakamisa ukuthi sazi, sijulise futhi sicacise yile:

• Unix
• I-Kernel

Amawebhusayithi awusizo ukwazi nokuhlola

1. I-DistroWatch
2. Isisekelo se-Apache
3. ILibreOffice Foundation
4. Isisekelo se-Linux
5. Isisekelo seMozilla
6. Isoftware yamahhala
7. Iqembu Elivulekile (Okujwayelekile kwe-Unix)
8. Inhlangano Yomthombo Ovulekile
9. Inhlangano yeLinux Kernel
10. Inhlangano yeLinux
11. Iphrojekthi ye-GNU
12. Isiza Esisemthethweni sikaRichard Stallman

Isiphetho

Siyethemba lokhu "okuthunyelwe okuwusizo okuncane" mayelana ezithile «Conceptos básicos», ilusizo futhi ibalulekile, kokubili kubasebenzisi abadala nabanolwazi kanye nakuma-novice amasha; inentshisekelo enkulu futhi iyasiza, kuyo yonke «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kanye negalelo elikhulu ekusabalalisweni kwemvelo emangalisayo, enkulu futhi ekhulayo yezicelo ze «GNU/Linux».

Futhi ukuthola eminye imininingwane, unganqikazi njalo ukuvakashela noma yikuphi Umtapo wolwazi oku-inthanethi njengoba I-OpenLibra y I-JedIT ukufunda izincwadi (ama-PDF) ngalesi sihloko noma ezinye izindawo zolwazi. Okwamanje, uma ukuthandile lokhu «publicación», ungayeki ukuyaba nabanye, ku- Amawebhusayithi ayizintandokazi, iziteshi, amaqembu, noma imiphakathi zokuxhumana nabantu, okungcono mahhala futhi evulekile njenge I-mastodon, noma ukuphepha nokuyimfihlo kwangasese yocingo.