Isoftware yamahhala ezikoleni

Isihloko esilandelayo sivela kumngani, unjiniyela, uthisha wesayensi yamakhompyutha eChiapas, eMexico.

Namuhla sizobhekana nezinhlelo esingazisebenzisa ezingeni le-baccalaureate, ikakhulukazi indawo yamakhompiyutha, konke okususelwa ekuhlangenwe nakho okuncane kweseva yakho, engithemba ukuthi kuzoba wusizo futhi isinyathelo sokuqala sizozalelwa kuthisha ngamunye. Ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwesikhathi siqala:

 Ingxenye yezomthetho

Njengoba wonke umuntu azi kahle ezikhungweni zikahulumeni, yonke isoftware efakwe kwikhompyutha kumele ibe namalayisense wangempela ukuze kugwenywe unswinyo yimigwamanda yocwaningo lombuso noma yenhlangano, ngobuqotho kulungile ngoba umsebenzi wabo bonke labo hlelo unenani futhi lokho ziyaqashwa. Ngenhlanhla kukhona nenye indlela, mahhala, engabizi, futhi enikeza ikhwalithi efanayo nezinhlelo zokuphathelene. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke okuncane:

Isofthiwe yamahhala

Yigama lesoftware elihlonipha inkululeko yabo bonke abasebenzisi abathola umkhiqizo futhi, ngakho-ke, uma selitholakele, lingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka, likopishwe, lifundwe, liguqulwe futhi lisatshalaliswe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngeFree Software Foundation, isoftware yamahhala isho inkululeko yabasebenzisi yokugijima, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukuguqula isoftware, nokusabalalisa isoftware eguquliwe.

Iqinisekisa le nkululeko elandelayo:

Inkululeko 0: inkululeko yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, nganoma iyiphi injongo.

Inkululeko 1: inkululeko yokufunda ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani futhi ulushintshe, ulivumelanise nezidingo zakho.

Inkululeko 2: inkululeko yokusabalalisa amakhophi ohlelo, ongasiza ngalo umakhelwane wakho.

Inkululeko 3 - Inkululeko yokwenza ngcono uhlelo futhi wenze lokho kuthuthukiswa kube sesidlangalaleni kwabanye, ukuze wonke umphakathi uzuze.

Ibhizinisi elenza isoftware yamahhala libonakala ngokunikezwa kwezinsizakalo ezingeziwe kusoftware efana: nokwenza kwayo kanye / noma ukufakwa, ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, iminikelo, uxhaso noma njengengxenye yesibopho senhlalo ezinkampanini; Ngokuphikisana nemodeli yebhizinisi esuselwa kakhulu kwelayisense kusoftware yomthombo ovaliwe

 I-GNU / Linux

Ngenye yamagama asetshenzisiwe ukubhekisa enhlanganisweni ye-kernel yamahhala noma i-kernel efana ne-Unix ebizwa nge-Linux ngohlelo lwe-GNU. Ukuthuthuka kwayo kungesinye sezibonelo ezivelele zesoftware yamahhala; yonke ikhodi yayo yomthombo ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka, iguqulwe futhi isatshalaliswe yinoma ngubani ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-GPL (i-GNU General Public License) namanye amalayisense amahhala.

 I-Linux ingasebenza kokubili endaweni yokuqhafaza nakwimodi ye-console. Ikhonsoli ivame ekusatshalalisweni kweseva, ngenkathi isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo siqondiswe kubo bobabili abasebenzisi bekhaya nabamabhizinisi. Ngokunjalo, kukhona nezindawo zedeskithophu, okuyisethi yezinhlelo ezakhiwe ngamawindi, izithonjana kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhompyutha. Ama-desktops athandwa kakhulu ku-GNU / Linux yi: GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, E-17, njll.

Ngazo zonke lezi zincazelo ezimfishane manje siyazi ukuthi asisiyo isoftware yokuphanga ukuze sikwazi ukuphumula kalula futhi sifake izinhlelo zamahhala kwimishini esiyidingayo.

 Ukungabi nolwazi noma ukuvilapha

 Ukungazi kuyisici esiyinhloko sokungasebenzisi isoftware yamahhala, ikakhulu kungenxa yokuthi izikhungo eziphakeme azikaze zisebenzise ukusakazwa kwe-CD bukhoma kwe-x noma kwe-Linux ezifundweni eziyisisekelo zekhompyutha, uzikhawulela ekubalweni kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza theory futhi usebenza nama-Windows, Office, C ++ compilers, njll.

Ngenkathi enye imbangela ubuvila ngokungabaniki ukuzijwayeza ngama-CD aphilayo ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu ngeke kusebenze emkhakheni womsebenzi womfundi, ngoba izinhlelo zobunikazi zisetshenziswa emsebenzini zisuka kunobhala olula ziye kumphathi omkhulu ( a) abaningi basho kanjalo ukuthi sikubheke ngokwengeziwe, kepha uma kwenzeka kithina, njengasemazweni asemukele ngokuphelele isoftware yamahhala, abantu abasha bazobe sebenemibono eyisisekelo futhi bangikholwe ukuthi bazokubonga ngokungapheli.

 Yini esingayenza?

 

 Ezifundweni ezisebenzisa amaprosesa wamagama, amaspredishithi nokwethulwa ngamaslayidi, hlela izindlela zakho zaselabhoratri amahora amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuqeda semester. Isixazululo esifanelekile Kungahle kube ukusebenzisa amanye amaphakheji wehhovisi ezisebenzelayo yamahhala lokho kunendlela I-LibreOffice, I-Openoffice, iCaligra njll.

Ngendlela efanayo yezifundo zokudweba i-vector uma esikoleni unelayisense yeCorelDraw ekuhlelweni kwakho kwelabhorethri hlela amahora amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuphela kwesemester eyenzelwe ukusebenza ne-Inkscape ngokwesibonelo Noma yisebenzise njengesoftware eyinhloko lapho ungenayo ilayisense yeCorelDraw.

Uma ufundisa izifundo eziyisisekelo zamakhompiyutha, kunconywa ukuthi ulande isithombe se-ISO bese ushisa eyodwa yalezi zinhlelo ku-CD noma kwi-DVD:

• Fedora

• Ubuntu

• I-Linux Mint

• I-Tuquito

 Imisebenzi ozoyithuthukisa ingaba ngamabili noma kokuthathu, kuya ngenani labafundi onabo ekilasini nokuthi yini ofuna ukuyisebenzisa kuma-CD, isikhathi ongasinika lo msebenzi amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha maphakathi nesemester.

Omunye umsebenzi ongenziwa ukwabela ucwaningo oluyidokhumenthari ohlelweni lokusebenza kweLinux, ukusatshalaliswa, izinzuzo, njll. Uma kwenzeka isikole sinemishini yamakhompyutha engasasebenzi, bangavuselela le mishini ngokwenza imikhuba yokufaka ukusabalalisa okulula njenge Lubuntu o I-Puppy Linux.

 Uma kunendaba yokucacisa izithombe, nikeza iSynfig Studio ukuthi ilandeke kusixhumanisi esilandelayo ithuba http://www.synfig.org/cms/en/download/ Ngingabheka uhlelo oluhle olufana neFlash, amahora adingekayo ukusebenza nohlelo kungukubona komeluleki wezintandokazi ngaphambi kokuphela kwesemester.

 Ezinye izifundo eziqala ukusebenza ngukwakhiwa kwamakhasi e-HTML, kuwo ungalandela izindlela ezimbili: incwajana yokubhala noma isoftware yokwakha iwebhu, uma ukhetha enye indlela yokuqala akukho bugebengu obungaqhutshwa kusukela zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza natively faka isihleli sombhalo esicacile. Kepha uma ufuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo olufana ne-Dreamweaver kalula, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uzame Kulungile Izokwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuhlanganisa amakhasi we-HTML.

Ungase futhi ugcwalise isihloko ngohlelo lwe-PHP (landa i-XAMPP) ukwenza amakhasi ashukumisayo azosiza abafana bakho kumaphrojekthi abo wesikhathi esizayo.

 Uma uvalo lohlelo futhi ukutholakala kokufunda ulimi olusha izinketho zikhona Python y URuby ezibonakala ngokulula kwazo kwe-syntax, ziyashesha ukufunda nokuphambanisa, kepha uma ungomunye walabo abakhetha ukufundisa ngendlela yakudala nge-C noma i-C ++ ungafundisa izingane zakho ngendlela efanayo njengoba bebezokwenza kwiWindows, lokhu isifundo esincane sokufaka ingakusiza.

Ngokuqondene nezinhlelo eziyisisekelo, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi I-DIA ukunwetshwa kwemidwebo yokugeleza futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukusebenzisa iphepha nepensela.

Njengoba abafundi bami abahlonishwayo bekwazi ukwazisa ezinye izindlela ezinikezwayo, okusele ukunikeza isoftware yamahhala ithuba, uthole wonke umdlalo ongawathola kubo futhi ukhumbule ukuthi ukulinganiselwa kukuwe.

 Fuentes:

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_libre