I-SOFTWARE YAMAHHALA, umphakathi ... isiko.

I-SOFTWARE YAMAHHALA, umphakathi ... isiko.

“Inkululeko ayikwazi ukukhetha phakathi kokunye okubekiwe, kepha ukuphatha impilo yakho. Inkululeko ayikhethi ukuthi ubani ozoba yinkosi yakho, akukhona ukuba nenkosi "

I-RMStallman, iFree Software Foundation

Njengamanje isintu sidlula emzuzwini obalulekile ngokolwazi, ngenxa yenguquko engakaze ibonwe emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, kanye nenani lamathuluzi nezindlela ezingapheli ezivumela ukuphathwa nokuphathwa kahle, kepha lokho kuvimbela ukuhlaziywa kwaso futhi funda. Kungenzeka kanjani?

Ngenqubo engokwemvelo yokwakhiwa kolwazi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuxhumana nabantu futhi ufunde izisekelo zokufunda, okungukuthi, ukuqonda ukusebenza kwalo namandla okuthuthuka. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, noma ngubani angathi: "kepha lokhu kungenzeka manje"; kepha kuyinkohliso, uma kubonwa ngempela ukuthi ukwenza lokho kungukwephula ilungelo lobunikazi elithile, impahla enobuhlakani bengqondo, noma olunye uhlobo lomkhawulo.

Ngawo-80, uRichard Stallman, unjiniyela nonjiniyela eMIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), wayecabangele ukungqubuzana kokuphathwa kwemininingwane uma kungagcinwa imikhawulo nemikhawulo ekushintshaneni ngolwazi. Ngale ndlela, ukuqala kwephrojekthi ye-GNU (i-GNU akuyona i-Unix) kwavela ngo-1985, enye indlela yohlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Unix, olubonakala ngezinga layo eliphakeme lobunikazi nezindleko, lapho kufakwa i-Linux kernel ngo-1991 uhlelo olusebenza mahhala olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, olusetshenzisiwe njengamanje, ngokusho kwemibiko ye-IDC (International Data Corporation), ngama-78% wamaseva aphezulu emhlabeni angama-500, nangama-89.2% wamakhompyutha # noma ama-computer anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni sibonga ukuthembeka, ukuphepha kanye nenkululeko. I-Free Software Foundation engenzi nzuzo yasungulwa ngemuva kwesikhashana, kepha mhlawumbe umnikelo wayo omkhulu kwaba ukusungulwa komqondo we-copyleft, ovumela ukusatshalaliswa kwamahhala kwamakhophi nezinguqulo zomsebenzi eziguquliwe. Kukulesi sizathu lapho kuvulwe khona umqondo wesoftware yamahhala, okufanele icaciswe, akusho ukuthi kukhululekile. Isoftware yamahhala kumane kuyindaba yenkululeko, hhayi intengo.

Umqondo wesoftware yamahhala usho inkululeko yabasebenzisi yokuqalisa, ukukopisha, ukusabalalisa, ukutadisha, ukushintsha nokwenza ngcono isoftware. Ngokuqondile, kubhekiswa enkululekweni yabasebenzisi be-software, okudingeka ukuthi igcwaliswe ngokuphelele ukuze ibhekwe njengamahhala:

• Inkululeko yokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, nganoma iyiphi injongo (inkululeko 0).
• Inkululeko yokufunda ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani, futhi luyivumelanise nezidingo (inkululeko 1).
• Inkululeko yokusabalalisa amakhophi (inkululeko 2).
• Inkululeko yokwenza ngcono uhlelo nokwenza ukuthuthuka kube sesidlangalaleni kwabanye, ukuze wonke umphakathi uzuze (inkululeko 3).

Kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwesoftware kwasuka kwaba ngenye indlela ekhethekile kuya emakethe yezobuchwepheshe, kwaba yisakhiwo esiyinhloko samaqembu ahlukahlukene ezenhlalo namasiko, kulokho okubhekwa njengesiko lamahhala, lapho abantu ababelana khona Lolu hlobo lwezinhloso luye lwaluholela ezindaweni eziningi zolwazi lwabantu, lincintisana nokusebenza okuphezulu kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abaphambili be-software kanye nezinsimbi. Lokhu kudedele indawo eyiqiniso ukuthi namuhla ingachazwa kuphela ngamazwi omdali wayo: “umsebenzi wesakhamuzi akukhona ukukholelwa kunoma yisiphi isiprofetho ngekusasa, kodwa ukwenza ukuze uthole ikusasa elihle kakhulu ”

“Inhlangano yamahhala yesoftware ingenye yezinhlangano zomphakathi eziphumelele kakhulu ukuvela kule minyaka engama-25 edlule, futhi iphethwe umphakathi womhlaba wonke wabahleli abanomqondo wokuziphatha abazinikele ngenhloso yenkululeko nokwabelana. . Kodwa impumelelo enkulu yokunyakaza kwama-software kwamahhala incike ekutheni sifundise abangani bethu, omakhelwane, esisebenza nabo, ngengozi yokungabi nayo inkululeko yesoftware, ngengozi yokuthi umphakathi ulahlekelwe yikhompyutha. "

- UPeter T. Brown, uMqondisi Ophethe, iFree Software Foundation