Izici nezimfanelo ze-Android Studio

Siyayazi i-Android njengenye yezinhlelo ezisebenzayo ezihola imakethe yezobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, egxile ocingweni lweselula. Ngaphandle kokuningi ongakusho ngalokhu, kusobala-ke ukuthi isidingo somsebenzisi ngamunye sezimfanelo ezihlinzekwa uhlelo, ukukhuluma ngokukhethekile ngokutholwa kwezicelo zokuthuthukisa noma ukwenza ngezifiso imishini yethu ye-Android, ziya ngokuya zifunwa kakhulu ngumsebenzisi, ngoba nakho, izinga eliphakeme lokuncintisana elikhona phakathi kwabo lidinga onjiniyela babo ukuba basungule noma baqhubeke nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka ngakunye. Ngalesi sizathu, futhi kuhlotshaniswa nodaba lobunzima obungahle bube khona ekuhlelweni kohlelo, uhlelo lwe-Android uqobo lunikela ngethuluzi elifanele nelifanelekile lokwakhiwa kwezicelo ezishiwoyo. Ikhithi noma amathuluzi anjalo akha lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi I-Android Studio. Le yi-Android IDE esemthethweni yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe ku IntelliJ IDEA; imvelo noma imvelo yentuthuko yezinhlelo, enamathuluzi wokuhlela amakhodi anamandla. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwekhodi yayo, igqamisa amaphutha ngokushesha, ukuze inikeze isisombululo esisheshayo kuwo. Njengamathuluzi ahlanganisiwe wokuthuthukisa noma wokwakha izinhlelo ku-Android, iqukethe i-interface yomsebenzisi eyakhelwe ngaphambilini noma yakhelwe, enamamodeli wesikrini ahlukahlukene, lapho izinto ezikhona zingasuswa. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-debugger ama-emulators kanye nethuba lokusebenza ne-Logcat kuyambozwa. I-IntelliJ IDEA isekela izilimi ezahlukahlukene ezisuselwa ku-JVM; IJava (yingakho i- "J" ku-IntelliJ), iClojure, iGroovy, iKotin, neScala. Kanye nokusekelwa kweMaven neGradle. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, obuhlotshaniswa ne-Android Studio, amathuba anethezekile ekwakheni nasekwakhiweni kwezicelo zalesi simiso.

I-Android Studio inezinto ezahlukahlukene ezisiza umsebenzi wokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza; Uhlelo lokwakha olususelwa kuGradle, ukwakheka okuhlukile namafayela e-APK amaningi, kanye nezifanekiso zekhodi ezisiza ekwakheni uhlelo lokusebenza. Isihleli sesakhiwo esiphelele esisekelwa ukuhudula bese uphonsa ukuhlela kwezinto zetimu. Ukusebenziseka kalula kokuhambisana nohlobo, iKhodi iyancipha ngeProGuard, nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okuncane nokuncane ngeGradle. Okokugcina, ukusekelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-Google Cloud Platform, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa imiyalezo yamafu ye-Google kanye ne-App Engine.

Ngokuphathelene nokwenziwa kokuhamba komsebenzi, i-Android Studio inesethi yamathuluzi aphethe, ngaphezu kokutholakala okungenzeka kusuka kulayini womyalo kuya kumathuluzi we-SDK. Into ebalulekile ngakho konke lokhu ukuthi, Android Studio inikeza induduzo konjiniyela, ngoba kusuka kuyo kungenzeka ukunxusa, ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza, amathuluzi adingekayo njengendlela yokusebenza okulula kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezigaba zentuthuko ezibandakanya ukugcwaliseka kwezicelo ku-Android Studio sithola izigaba ezine. Owokuqala yi- izilungiselelo zemvelo; Ngalesi sigaba, imvelo yentuthuko ifakiwe futhi yahlelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana kwenziwa ezintweni lapho ukufakwa kohlelo lokusebenza kungenziwa khona, futhi kwenziwa amadivayisi we-Android (AVDS). Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa i- Ukulungiswa Kwephrojekthi Nentuthuko; Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwenziwa kwephrojekthi nentuthuko yayo kuyenziwa. Sikhuluma ngokwakha amamojula aqukethe izinsiza zohlelo lokusebenza namafayili ekhodi yomthombo. Isigaba sesithathu siqukethe i- ukuhlola, ukulungisa iphutha nokwakha uhlelo lokusebenza; Kuleli qophelo iphrojekthi yakhelwe kumaphakethe (ama) we-debuggable angahle afakwe futhi asebenze ku-emulator noma kudivayisi ye-Android. Kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokwakha olususelwa kuGradle. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka, ukwahluka kokwakhiwa ngokwezifiso, nokulungiswa kokuncika. Endabeni yokusebenzisa enye i-IDE, iphrojekthi ingakhiwa kusetshenziswa iGradle, bese yona, ifakwa kudivayisi esebenzisa i-ADB. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza lulungiswe iphutha ngemilayezo yokuqapha idivayisi, kanye nedivayisi yokungena ye-Android (Logcat) kanye nomqondo we-IntelliJ. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasetshenziswa i-debugger ehambisanayo ye-JDWP, engeza amathuluzi wokulungisa amaphutha nokungena ngemvume anikezwe nge-Android SDK. Ekugcineni, amathuluzi wokuhlola we-Android SDK asetshenziselwa ukuhlola uhlelo lokusebenza.

Njengesigaba sokugcina, i- ukushicilelwa kwesicelo; Kulesi sigaba, ukucushwa kuyenziwa futhi isicelo senziwa ngokusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwamahhala kohlelo lokusebenza kubasebenzisi. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokulungiselela, kwakhiwa uhlobo lohlelo lokusebenza, abasebenzisi abangalulanda futhi balufake kumadivayisi abo ukuze inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza ithengiswe futhi isatshalaliswe.

Kulesi sithombe singabona umdwebo wezigaba zokugcwaliseka kwezicelo ku-Android Studio.

Sesivele sizazi izigaba nentuthuko ngenkathi kwenziwa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android. Endabeni yephrojekthi ngayinye, ebhekisa kusisekelo se-modular, uhlelo lokusebenza luqukethe imamojula eyodwa noma amaningi anamafayela ekhodi yomthombo namafayela ezinsiza. Okuthi, ezinhlotsheni zayo ezahlukahlukene ziqukethe; Amamojula wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android, amamojula weLabhulali, amamojula wokuhlola, namamojula we-App Engine. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, Android Studio ibonisa amafayela wephrojekthi ekubukweni kwephrojekthi ye-Android. Okwamanje amamojula abonakala ngendlela ehlelekile yokunikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo kumafayili ekhodi yomthombo wokhiye. Endabeni yamafayela wokwakha, lawa abonakala ezingeni eliphezulu ngaphansi kweSkripthi Gradle. KuStudio Android sesivele siyaqonda ukuthi iGradle isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sohlelo lokwakha uhlelo. Lolu hlelo lokudala lusebenza njengethuluzi elihlanganiswe kumenyu ye-Android Studio, futhi nalo lizimele kulayini womyalo.

Amafayela wephrojekthi.

Bese sivele siyaziwa njengengxenye yokwakhiwa kwe-Android Studio nokuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani kuyo, kufanele ukuthi emasontweni ambalwa edlule besinenguqulo yayo entsha, ebitholakala ngohlelo lwayo olungu-2.1.0 ngezinsuku zika-Ephreli. Kumele sazi ukuthi ukuvuselelwa okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile ku-Android Studio kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvuselela iphrojekthi, kulesi sici akumele kube nokukhathazeka ngonjiniyela.

Phakathi kwezinguquko ezinkulu ezitholakala kule nguqulo entsha, ukwesekwa kwentuthuko kunguqulo entsha yohlelo lokusebenza, i-Android N, ekubukeni kwayo kuqala kuyaziswa. Ipulatifomu ye-Android N ingeza ukusekelwa kweJava 8, enezici zolimi ezidinga isihlanganisi esisha sokuhlola esibizwa ngeJack. Uhlobo lwakamuva lweJack lusebenza kuphela enguqulweni engu-2.1. Kusuka Android Studio. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise le nguqulo uma ufuna ukusebenza neJava 8. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yize i-Android Studio 2.1 isisimamile, umhlanganisi kaJack usazama, ngakho-ke, kufanele isebenze ngempahla ye-jackOptions kufayela layo lokwakha..

Phakathi kwezinye izici ezintsha kunguqulo entsha, ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi okuncane kwenziwa kanye nokuthuthuka okuthile; I-Java-aware C ++ Debugger inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalela lapho usebenzisa i-N noma i-emulator futhi ukhetha imodi yokulungisa iphutha yendabuko. Njengesincomo sokuthuthuka ekufezekisweni kohlelo lokusebenza, kuhle ukuvuselela i-plugin ye-Android yeGradle enguqulweni engu-2.1.0.

Njengamanje i-Android Studio isukile enguqulweni engu-0.1 yaya ku-2.1.0, sekunezinhlelo ezingama-24 sezizonke ezifaka neyakamuva ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngayinye noma inguqulo yayo yakamuva, vakashela isixhumanisi esilandelayo ekhasini laso elisemthethweni lokulanda noma imininingwane yokuxazulula inkinga: http://developer.android.com/tools/revisions/studio.html