Microservicios: Arquitectura de software y Frameworks de código abierto

Ama-Microservices: Ukwakhiwa kwesoftware yanamuhla

Eqhubeka nge ingqikithi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nezinguquko kuma-paradigms nezindlela zokusebenza kwenzeke endaweni yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware, esisanda kuyithinta ezindatshaneni ezibiziwe "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware: Ukubuyekezwa komlando kuze kube namuhla", "Ukusebenzisana ngefu: Ungakufeza kanjani?" y "XaaS: Cloud Computing - Konke njengesevisi", namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho Imicroservices.

IMicroservices ukwakhiwa kwesoftware yanamuhla, hhayi i-API (Application Programming Interface) noma ubuchwepheshe uqobo, obungafakwa futhi busetshenziswe. Ukwakhiwa kweSoftware, okwaziwa nangokuthi amaphethini wesoftware, kuhluke ngokuphelele ezilimini ezihlelayo, ngoba zimisa kuphela indlela okufanele busebenze ngayo ubuchwepheshe hhayi ukuthi busetshenziswa kanjani.

Isingeniso

Ama-Microservices angabonakala njengokuvela kwe-SOA Architecture (Service-Oriented Architecture), eqondisa abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe izinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzisanayo, ezisebenzayo nezizimele, ezinamandla aphezulu okusetshenziswa kabusha ngendlela ephumelelayo, njengoba kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, lapho sisebenzisa kahle i-hardware ethile, lapho kwenzeka kuphela okudingekayo ngempela, esikhundleni sokuveza amandla alo aphelele ngokungadingekile.

Ukwakhiwa kweMicroservices, empeleni akusakazwanga kakhulu njengasemcabangweni, okungukuthi, yaziwa kangcono kunokusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, nsuku zonke ngaphezulu, onjiniyela abaningi bayayisebenzisa ngoba iyindlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware leyo Ithuthukisa isikhathi esiguqukayo, ukusebenza nokuzinza ngaphakathi kwamaphrojekthi lapho isetshenziswa khona. Ngaphandle kwalokho, eyakhe ukukala okuhambisanayo okulula ikwenza kufaneleke ikakhulukazi kuzentuthuko lapho ukusebenzisana kwe-cross-platform (iWebhu, iselula, okugqokekayo, i-IoT) kubalulekile.

Kodwa, ngenkathi i-SOA iyi-Architecture esezingeni eliphakeme, okungukuthi, i-Architecture lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwa kumasevisi zakhiwa khona, lapho insizakalo iyunithi encane kunazo zonke futhi esebenza kakhulu ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza olwenziwe Ukwakhiwa kweMicroservices futhi kusivumela ukuthi sakhe izinsizakalo, kepha lezi zinsizakalo zenzelwe ngendlela encane kakhulu futhi ethize ukuze zifeze ukusebenza okunembile nokugcina isikhathi, ngendlela yokuthi bangaqedwa kusuka kuzicelo zonke futhi basebenze ngendlela ezimele ngokuphelele kusuka kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza lapho lwadalwa khona.

Yini ama-Software Architecture (Amaphethini)?

Ukuqonda kahle i-Software Architecture of Microservices, kuhle ukwazi okuncane mayelana nakho konke okwaziwa kakhulu okukhona kweSoftware. Kuningi okukhona, njengoba kungabonakala kusayithi le- I-Oodeign noma umane ungene ku- Wikipedia, kodwa ngokwencwadi edumile ebizwa ngokuthi "Incwadi Yokwakhiwa Kwamaphethini" (Incwadi Yamaphethini Wokuklama) amaphethini akhona angahlukaniswa njenge:

Okwezobuciko

Labo ababhekana nezindlela zokuqinisekisa izinto futhi inhloso yabo ukukhipha inqubo yokuqinisa futhi bafihle imininingwane yokuthi izinto zenziwa noma zaqalwa kanjani. Kulesi sigaba kukhona okulandelayo:

I-Abstract Factory
Builder
Indlela Yefektri
prototype
Singleton

Isakhiwo

Lezo ezichaza ukuthi amakilasi nezinto (ezilula noma ezihlanganisiwe) zingahlanganiswa kanjani ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu nokunikeza ukusebenza okusha. Kulesi sigaba kukhona okulandelayo:

I-Adapter
bridge
Okuhlanganisiwe
Umhlobisi
I-facade
I-Flyweight
Ummeleli

Ukuziphatha

Lokho okusisizayo kuchaze ukuxhumana kanye nokuphindaphindeka phakathi kwezinto zohlelo. Inhloso yaleli phethini ukunciphisa ukuhlangana kwezinto. Kulesi sigaba kukhona okulandelayo:

Chain Of umthwalo
Umyalo
Umhumushi
I-Iterator
Umlamuleli
Memento
Observer
State
Isu
Indlela Yesifanekiso
isivakashi

abanye

Amaphethini wokuklama wangaphambilini aveze ama-schemas achaza izakhiwo zokwakha zokwakha amasoftware. Kepha lapho sifuna ukuveza kangcono uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwenhlangano nolwakhiwo lwezinhlelo zesoftware eyakhiwe, imvamisa sithola lokhu okunye ukuhlukaniswa:

Ukwakhiwa kwesilayidi
I-DAO: Into Yokufinyelela Kwedatha
I-DTO: Into yokudluliswa kwedatha
I-EDA: Ukwakhiwa Kokwakhiwa Komcimbi
Ukunxusa okusobala
Izinto ezinqunu
Izinhlelo ezihleliwe
Othandana nabo
Iphayiphi
I-SOA: I-Service Oriental Architecture
Amazinga amathathu

Kukhona futhi "Imodeli Yokubuka Isilawuli" owaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenzisiwe, futhi uhlukaniswe waba:

Imodeli / Ukubuka / Isilawuli
Imodeli / Ukubuka / Umethuli
I-Model / View / Presenter ene-Model Presenter
Imodeli / Ukubuka / Ukubuka-Imodeli
Imodeli / Ukubuka / Umethuli onokubuka okungahleliwe
Imodeli / Ukubuka / Umethuli onomphathi Womphathi

Ukuba i- "Controller View Model" enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu nezisetshenzisiwe namuhla, akwanele ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi edingekayo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwenkampani, futhi lesi ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani, IMicroservices Architecture ingena esikhundleni seModel-View-Controller (MVC).

Izinzuzo zeMicroservices Architecture

Lapho ipulatifomu yewebhu isebenzisa iMicroservices Architecture, imvamisa iba nezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Isisombululo kalula inkinga ngayinye noma inkinga ethulwa ngokubhekana ne-Microservice ngayinye encane ebandakanyeka esimweni esithile.
Ukunciphisa ukwehluleka okujwayelekile noma komhlaba wonke kwezinsizakalo, ngoba lapho iMicroservice yehluleka ayithinti ezinye, ngoba zizimele ngokuphelele.
Ukwenza lula ukwethulwa nokufakwa kokusebenza okuphelele noma okukhethekile noma amasevisi, ngoba iMicroservice ngayinye ingangezwa noma isuswe futhi ivuselelwe ngokuhlukile nangokuqhubekayo.
Ukuze ube ngcono ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza noma amasevisi enziwe kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi nezinkundla.
I-Aumentar ukusebenza kwepulatifomu, ngoba iMicroservices ingasatshalaliswa kumaseva ahlukahlukene futhi ibhalwe ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene.

Izinhlaka zomthombo ovulekile

Kuningi izinketho zomthombo ovulekile Abathuthukisi be-software abangazisebenzisa ukwenza izixazululo eziyingxenye yeMicroservices Architectures Ngokukhethekile kweJava, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalokhu, kunoku okulandelayo:

Izibonelo zeWeb nge-Microservices Architecture

Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lamawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokufaka izicelo ezinkulu futhi asebenze ngokuqhubekayo iMicroservices Architecture ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kanye nokuqina kwamapulatifomu wemisebenzi yabo, okwenza kube lula, kusebenze futhi kusheshe, singabala ezintathu ezinkulu embonini Bayini:

Amazon
Ebay
Netflix

Isiphetho

Kuyacaca ukuthi AmaMicroservices anikela kakhulu ekuThuthukisweni kweSoftware yanamuhla okusekwe kuwebhuKepha basho nokubhekana nezinselelo eziningi ezintsha okufanele bazixazulule. Izinkinga ezingahlobene nje kuphela nokufunda koHlaka nokusebenza ngokufanele, kepha nokuthi lezi zintuthuko ezintsha zigcwaliswa futhi zenziwe kanjani eminyangweni ye-IT, ekugcineni okuyiyona ebabeka ku-inthanethi futhi bayiphathe, futhi babe nevoti lesisindo ezinqumweni zokugcina mayelana nentuthuko ngayinye. Kepha Le-Architecture ilapha futhi sezihlale isikhathi eside.

DesdeLinux

Ama-Microservices: Ama-Open Source Frameworks kanye ne-Software Architecture