Izinyathelo zokwenza i-LiveCD - DVD - i-USB kusuka ekuqaleni ku-Debian nakokuphuma kwayo.

Ukuqala ngesidingo sokwakha i-LiveCD yami engingayibuyekeza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngiyenze ngendlela engiyithandayo, futhi ngazi intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha emkhakheni we-GNU / Linux, ngabona isidingo esidingekayo sokufaka ezinye izinhlelo zokuqhafaza.

Ngibonga okuphathekayo ngeke ngidinge ukungifaka izinhlelo zokuzisebenzisa nsuku zonke njengeGimp, Inskape, Blender, ngisho neLibreoffice ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlelo ezifakwe kusistimu yami ngonga ama-mega-bits amaningi kwisoftware nemitapo yolwazi.

Okuphathekayo kweLinux kungalandwa kusayithi elilandelayo:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/portable/files

Bangazenzela ngisho nokuphathekayo ngezinhlelo ezilandelayo ezivela kusayithi elifanayo:
- AppDirAssistant: Umbuso wokufaka izinhlelo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-AppDirAssistant ngaphambi kokufaka isoftware ezothunyelwa; isoftware enjalo ayikwazi ukufakwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-AppDirAssistant.
- AppImageAssistant: Umbuso wokucindezela isakhiwo sibe yifayela elilodwa elizisebenzelayo amafolda enziwe

Ukwakha okuphathekayo kwesoftware esivele ifakiwe ungasebenzisa uhlelo olulandelayo:

Okwama-32 bit
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_32bit

Okwama-64 bit
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_64bit

Ukwakha okuphathekayo ngale ndlela ngeke kubheke ukuncika okufakwe ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza, futhi ngeke kulondoloze ukucushwa kufolda yakho yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokuthi isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso senziwe ngaphakathi kwe-cde-root noma ifayela le-cde .options likhonjiswe ngomugqa ofana lokhu:

ignore_prefix = / ikhaya

Ukubona lokhu sizobona ukuthi singalanda noma senze okuphathekayo esikufunayo, siqede isidingo sokufaka izinhlelo ezingeziwe ngaphandle kohlelo lwethu, bese sinciphisa isikhala sakho lapho senza i-LiveCD yethu.

Ukuthuthukiswa
Njengoba isihloko sisho, sizobona ukuthi singayakha kanjani i-LiveCD yethu kusuka ekuqaleni okuzosivumela ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza esifuna ukuqala ngokufaka isistimu yethu eyisisekelo, kunezindlela eziningana zokufeza lokhu, enye ngokufakwa kwemodi yombhalo ngaphandle kokufaka uhlelo lokuqhafaza kanye nolunye sisebenzisa i-debootstrap, leli cala lokugcina yilo esizobhekana nalo kule ncwajana ngoba lisivumela ukuthi sakhe isistimu yethu kusuka ekuqaleni ngaphandle kohlelo olwengeziwe ohlelweni lwesisekelo.

Ukuba nesistimu ye-GNU / Linux, esivele ifakiwe sizokwakha ukwahlukanisa ngosayizi oyifunayo ukufaka uhlelo lwesisekelo kulokho ukwahlukanisa, ake sibone igxathu negxathu ukuthi ungalwenza kanjani uhlelo lwethu lwesisekelo nge-debootstrap:

Isinyathelo 1
Faka i-debootstrap

 # thola ukufaka i-debootstrap

Isinyathelo 2
Khweza ukwahlukanisa okusha ku / mnt

 # ukukhweza / i-dev / sdax / mnt

Isinyathelo 3
Faka uhlelo lwesisekelo kulolo hlukaniso:

Okwama-32 bit

 # debootstrap --arch i386 ukusatshalaliswa / mnt

Okwama-64 bit

 # debootstrap --arch amd64 ukusatshalaliswa / mnt

Ukusatshalaliswa kufanele kushintshelwe egameni lenguqulo ye-GNU / Linux esifuna ukuyifaka, lawa mafayili atholakala ku- / usr / share / debootstrap / imibhaloUma ifayela elinegama lokusabalalisa abazolisebenzisa lingekho, mane ukopishe leyo yenguqulo yakamuva enegama lenguqulo entsha bese uyivula ngesihleli sombhalo nalapho ikheli lewebhu likhonjiswa khona, liguqulele kolusha , isibonelo:

Kwenzeka kimi ukuthi ngilayishe indawo yokugcina kusuka kwelinye ikheli hhayi ekhasini elisemthethweni, ngizo / usr / share / debootstrap / imibhalo Ngikopisha inguqulo yakamuva yalokhu, kulokhu ngisebenzisa indawo yokugcina Ubuntu (i-Oneiric) ekule folda kepha ikheli lokulanda lihlukile ngoba likwi-hard drive ye-pc yami, sivula ifayela bese siyashintsha

okuzenzakalelayo_mirror http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

por

ifayela le-default_mirror: /// path / to / repo / ubuntu

Uma bethola ngaphezu komugqa owodwa onalesi simiso, kufanele nabo basishintshe.

Isinyathelo 4
Siguqula impande yokusebenza kusuka ku-terminal nge-chroot bese siqhubeka ukufaka isoftware ebalulekile ngokuya ngezidingo zethu.
- Ukushintsha i-Cage

# mount -t proc none / mnt / proc # mount -o bind / dev / mnt / dev

- Khweza idiski yangaphandle equkethe okugciniwe

# mkdir / mnt / media / Disk-Name # mount / dev / sdax / mnt / media / Disk-Name # chroot / mnt

- Ngaphakathi kwesibaya esifanayo khombisa ukuthi yimaphi amakhosombe ongawasebenzisa ku /etc/apt/source.list
nano /etc/apt/source.list
kimi kusuka kudiski yami ye-pc

ifayela le-deb: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric main file evinjelwe ifayili lefayela: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric-backports main multiverse Ifayela le-universal deb elinqunyelwe -ukuvikeleka okuyisisekelo sefayili yedebhu evinjelwe emikhawulweni eminingi / medibuntu / oneiric mahhala ifayili lesikweletu: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / canonical / oneiric partner

Uma sisebenzisa indlela yendabuko kusuka ekhasini lewebhu futhi sisebenzisa ikheli lommeleli, kuzodingeka silitshele ukuthi lisebenzise lo mmeleli ovela ekhejini elifanayo ngomyalo olandelayo:

# ukuthekelisa http_proxy = "http: // user: password@proxy.name.org: 3128" # thekelisa ftp_proxy = "http: // umsebenzisi: password@proxy.name.org: 3128"

Isinyathelo 5

# apt-get update # apt-get upgrade # apt-get upgrade # apt-get dist-thuthukisa

Isinyathelo 6
Faka izifunda (izilimi)

# aptitude install locales # dpkg-reconfigure locales # aptitude install localepurge # localepurge

Isinyathelo 7
Faka inguqulo ye-kernel esizoyisebenzisa, isibonelo:

# apt-get ukufaka i-GNU / Linux-image-3.0.0-14-generic depmod 3.0.0-14-generic setup-user

Isinyathelo 8
Qhubeka ukufaka isoftware ebalulekile ebhuthini elifanele lesistimu nokwakhiwa okulandelayo kwe-LiveCD.

 # apt-get ukufaka i-aptitude grub2 sysGNU / Linux squashfs-amathuluzi we-casper archdetect-deb mkisofs genisoimage xorriso console-tools console-keymaps mc blkid ahlukaniswe

Isinyathelo 9
Dala amanye amafayela wokumisa abalulekile

 # mcedit / etc / network / interface

bese ungeza lokhu:

auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp

Hlela ifayela:

 # mcedit / etc / hostname

bese ungeza lokhu:
Igama lomgcini

 # mcedit / etc / hosts

bese ungeza lokhu:
127.0.0.1 Igama lendawo Yokusingathwa

Isinyathelo 10
Dala ifayela le-mtab ne-fstab.

# grep -v rootfs / proc / mounts> / etc / mtab # grep / etc / mtab -e "/"> / etc / fstab

 / dev / sda1 esikhundleni sika-UUID = uuid ngaleyo ndlela: UUID = 476efe22-73ec-4276-915d-c4gga65f668b / ext3 amaphutha = remount-ro 0 0

Isinyathelo # 11
Faka imvelo yokuqhafaza -Okuzikhethela uma ungadingi ukufaka indawo yokuqhafaza.

 # thola ukufaka i-xserver-xorg-video-konke xorg xserver-xorg

Isinyathelo 12
Faka i-grub, uma singenayo i-grub efakwe emkhakheni we-boot singayenza ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Uma kwenzeka ungenalo uhlelo lwe-GNU / Linux esivele selufakiwe, sizoqhubeka ngokulandelayo:
Sishiye ikheji:

# phuma # sudo grub-install --root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda

Sibuyela ekheji:

# chroot / mnt # isibuyekezo-grub

- Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ifayili le-grub selivele lifakiwe, simane sihlele ifayela
Sishiye ikheji:

# phuma # isibuyekezo-grub

Isinyathelo 13

Sifaka imvelo yethu yedeskithophu esiyithandayo kanye nomphathi wethu wesikhathi esifunayo. Endabeni yami, ngafaka imvelo yedeskithophu e17 (ukukhanyiselwa) kanye nomhloli wamazwe we-spacefm futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngazakhela eyami i-LiveCD yokwenza amakhophi wesipele, futhi ngafaka nohlelo lwe-debootstrap ukufaka amasistimu wami wokusebenza ngqo kusuka ezinqolobaneni ngaphandle ngidinga ukusebenzisa amanye ama-LiveCDs noma ukufaka imodi yombhalo.

 # thola ukufaka i-e17 e17-data gparted mtools testdisk evikelekile-susa isithombe sendawo gzip zip unzip tar pkill xterm

Ungakhetha imvelo yedeskithophu oyithandayo, kanye nesethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ozisebenzisayo.

Umphathi weseshini.

- Kulokhu angidingi umphathi weseshini ongibuza igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ngoba inhloso yayo ukuqala iseshini ngqo, ngoba lokhu sakha ifayela lombhalo ku / etc / startX

# thinta /etc/init.d/startX # chmod + x /etc/init.d/startX

Kopisha okulandelayo kuleli fayela

#! / bin / sh. / lib / lsb / init-works PATH = / sbin: / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin case $ 1 ekuqaleni) echo "Starting graphical system" echo "Ungahlola i-LOG ku / var / log / boot_x. log "X: 0 1 >> / var / log / boot_x.log 2 >> / var / log / boot_x.log & DISPLAY =: 0 su root -c enlightenment_start 1> / dev / null 2> / dev / null & ;; stop) echo "Ukumisa zonke izinqubo ze-X" pkill X ;; *) echo "Inketho engavumelekile" ;; ukuphuma kwe-esac 0

Ukutshela isistimu ukuthi iqale leli fayela ngohlelo senza lokhu okulandelayo kusuka kukhonsoli.

 # update-rc.d startX izenzakalelayo 99

Lokhu ukuvikela ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi imenenja yefasitela efana ne-lxdm, gdm phakathi kwabanye.

Siqala kabusha i-PC ngokufakwa okusha.

Njengoba bengikhombisile ukufaka i-spacefm salokhu ngilanda ikhodi yomthombo kuleli khasi.

http://spacefm.sourceforge.net/ (el fichero .tar.gz o .tar.xz) al disco de la maquina.

Ngifaka ukuncika kwale software:

# apt-get ukufaka ama-autotools-dev bash desktop-file-utils build-essential libc6 libcairo2 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libpango1.0-0 libx11-6 shared-mime-info intltool pkg- lungiselela libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev fakeroot libudev0 libudev-dev

Sikhipha ifayili elishiwoyo

 i-tar -xf /path/file/spacefm.tar.xz cd / path / file / spacefm ./configure # make -s # make install # update-mime-database / usr / local / share / mime> / dev / null # buyekeza-desktop-database -q # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / share / icons / hicolor # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / share / izithonjana / iFaenza

Ngalokhu, uma bekungekho nkinga sizoba ne-spacefm efakiwe.

Isinyathelo 14

Faka ama-remastersys.

Ama-Remastersys angakuthola kuwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni http://remastersys.sourceforge.net/, kepha ngincoma ukuthi usebenzise leyo oyisebenzisayo okunamathiselwe ukugcina ukuhambisana, ngoba ayifaki noma ayikhiphi noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokudala i-LiveCD, futhi ishiya iskripthi esithile ukufaka i-LiveCD kwimemori ye-usb.

Landa ama-remastersys bese uwafaka.

 # dpkg -i /path/a/remastersys.deb

Isinyathelo 15

Ukudalwa kwe-LiveCD ngama-remastersys.

Ama-Remastersys anezindlela zokudalwa ezi-2 ze-LiveCD, eyodwa igcina ukucushwa kwabo bonke abasebenzisi kanti enye isusa konke ukumiswa nokubhaliswa komunye umsebenzisi, okuyikho esijwayele ukukubona kuma-Ubuntu LiveCDs endabuko.

Ukwakha i-LiveCD yokonga izilungiselelo zakho.

 Isipele se- # remastersys

- Ukwakha i-LiveCD ngaphandle kwabasebenzisi noma ukucushwa (Kunconyiwe).

Ama-remastersys dist cdfs # ama-remastersys dist iso ngokwezifiso.iso

Isinyathelo 16

Ukufakwa kwanoma iyiphi i-Debian LiveCD noma okutholakele okwenziwe ngama-remastersys.
Okokuqala qinisekisa ukuthi ukwahlukanisa kwakho kumakwe njengokuhamba ngesikebhe nge-gparted noma kwehlukaniswe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

# ihlukaniswe / i-dev / i-sdb isethe i-boot 1 - Ukuyivula # ihlukaniswe / i-dev / i-sdb isethe i-1 boot off - Ukuyenza ingasebenzi

- Sifaka iso kwi-cd dvd, noma uma ufisa kudivayisi ye-usb ngale ndlela elandelayo (Konke lokhu njengezimpande):

mkdir -p / mnt / cdrom mkdir -p / mnt / usb mount -o loop / path / file.iso / mnt / cdrom mount / dev / sdbx / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / * / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / isoGNU / Linux / * / mnt / usb mv /mnt/usb/isoGNU/Linux.cfg /mnt/usb/sysGNU/Linux.cfg inani / mnt / usb inani / mnt / cdrom

# I-EYE bheka ukwahlukaniswa kwedivayisi yakho ye-usb uma ukwahlukanisa okufakile kungu / dev / sdb1 umkhakha webhuthi kufanele ufakwe ku / dev / sdb

# ikati /usr/lib/sysGNU/Linux/mbr.bin> / dev / sdb # sysGNU / Linux --install / dev / sdb1

Isinyathelo # 16.1.

Okokuqala siqala kusuka ku-LiveCD noma i-usb uma sinememori.

Uma ukwahlukaniswa okudingekayo njengokushintshaniswa (indawo eshintshanayo) kungadalwanga, kanye nokwahlukaniswa okungaphezulu kwe-1 GB noma ngaphezulu ngokuya ngosayizi we-livecd.

Isinyathelo # 16.2.

Khweza ukwahlukanisa okwenziwe ku- / mnt

# fsck -a / dev / sdax # ukukhweza / dev / sdax / mnt

Isinyathelo se-16.3.

Kopisha wonke amafayela ngaphakathi / kufolda yama-rofs ku- / mnt

 # cp -r / rofs / * / mnt

Qaphela: konke lokhu njengomsebenzisi wezimpande.

Isinyathelo # 16.4.

Faka i-grub

 # grub-install --root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda

Isinyathelo # 16.5.

Lungiselela uhlelo ukuqala i-grub kahle.

ukukhweza -t proc none / mnt / proc ukukhweza -o bind / dev / mnt / dev chroot / mnt update-grub

Isinyathelo # 16.6.

Ngaphandle kokushiya ikheji le-chroot silungiselela amafayela abalulekile / etc / fstab and / etc / mtab

grep -v rootfs / proc / mounts> / etc / mtab grep / etc / mtab -e "/"> / etc / fstab

useradd -m -c "Umsebenzisi Wokuphatha" -G adm, admin, sudo, dialout, cdrom, plugdev, lpadmin, sambashare -d / home / user -s / bin / bash user

Iziphetho

Ngalokhu, lo mhlahlandlela obanzi kodwa olula usuqediwe, ongawusebenzisa uma ufisa futhi wabelane nge-livecd yakho nabangani bakho, ikhwalithi yayo yonke i-livecd / dvd ixhomeke kulwazi lomsebenzisi uqobo, ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha lokho kugcina isikhala sediski enzima.

Njengoba ubonile ukuthi akudingekile ukusebenzisa i-unetbootin ukuguqula i-LiveCD ibe yi-usb ebukhoma, uma usebenzisa i-spacefm uzoba nakho konke okudingayo maqondana nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-graphic, noma uguqula amavidiyo, amafayela alalelwayo phakathi kwabanye, uzodinga kuphela uhlelo olwenza lokhu kusuka ku- umugqa womyalo bese udala noma landa i-plugin ukwenza le misebenzi.