ULucain umphakathi esikhashaneni esedlule okokufundisa okuhle kakhulu ku-cron ne-crontab engicabanga ukuthi kufanele ukuhlanganyela. ICron uhlobo olulinganayo Nemisebenzi Ehleliwe kuWindows, kuphela ukuthi isingathwa kusuka esigungwini. Labo abakhetha isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo ukufeza inhloso efanayo, bangakubona lokhu esinye isihloko. |
Yini i-cron?
Igama cron livela kuma-chronos esiGreki okusho ukuthi "isikhathi." Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Unix, i-cron imenenja yenqubo yangemuva ejwayelekile (i-daemon) eqhuba izinqubo noma imibhalo ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokwesibonelo, yonke iminithi, usuku, isonto, noma inyanga). Izinqubo okufanele zenziwe nesikhathi okufanele zenziwe ngaso zichaziwe kufayela le-crontab.
Isebenza kanjani
I-cron daemon iqala kusuka ku- /etc/rc.d/ o /etc/init.d kuya ngokusatshalaliswa. UCron ugijima ngemuva, ubheka ithebula lomsebenzi we-crontab njalo ngeminithi / njll / crontab noma ku / var / spool / cron ekufuneni imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe. Njengomsebenzisi singangeza imiyalo noma imibhalo ngemisebenzi yokwenza cron ukwenza ezinye izinqubo zenzeke. Lokhu kuyasiza ngokwesibonelo ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela ukuvuselelwa kohlelo noma uhlelo oluhle lokusekelayo.
Yini iCrontab?
ICrontab yifayela lombhalo elilula eligcina uhlu lwemiyalo okufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi esichazwe ngumsebenzisi. ICrontab izoqinisekisa usuku nesikhathi okufanele kwenziwe ngaso iskripthi noma umyalo, izimvume zokwenza futhi izokwenza ngemuva. Umsebenzisi ngamunye angaba nefayela lakhe le-crontab, empeleni ifayela le- crontab / njll / crontab kuthathwa njengefayela le-crontab lomsebenzisi wezimpande, lapho abasebenzisi abajwayelekile (kanye nezimpande) befuna ukukhiqiza ifayili labo le-crontab bese sizosebenzisa umyalo we-crontab.
ICrontab kuyindlela elula yokuphatha imisebenzi ye-cron kumasistimu wabasebenzisi abaningi, kungaba njengomsebenzisi wohlelo olulula noma umsebenzisi wezimpande.
Isebenzisa i-crontab
Siqala ngesibonelo esilula.
Sizokwenza ukushintsha kwesistimu kube lula, ukuqeda ukucasula kokuthi "Ngihlale kufanele ngivuselele futhi angikuthandi lokho!"
Okokuqala sizokwenza iskripthi. Lo mbhalo uzobizwa nge-cron futhi uzoqukatha yonke imiyalo esifuna ukuthi iwenze, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuwuhlola ezimweni eziningi nangezindlela eziningana ngaphambi kokuwufaka ku-cron, iskripthi esilula sokuvuselela esinjengalesi:
#! / bin / bash #script update example #choice your distribution # debian-ubuntu # apt-get update & apt-get -y upgrade #fedora #yum -y update #Arch #pacman --noconfirm -Syu
Susa i- # kulayini wakho we-distro. Uma kwenzeka kungu-Ubuntu / Debian, kuqala nge-apt-get.
Sigcina iskripthi njenge-update.sh (isb.imibhalo ekhombisa ikhaya lakho). Siguqula izimvume zokwenza lo mbhalo oshiwo nge:
chmod a + x ~ / scripts / update.sh
Sisebenzisa iskripthi izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, siguqula okudingekayo (akufanele kube namaphutha, ngaphandle kwalokho i-cron izophinda iphutha kaninginingi). Manje ukufaka umsebenzi ku-crontab yethu.
Faka imisebenzi ku-crontab
Sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-crontab nge-crontab -e, kwamanye ama-distros (afana no-Ubuntu) lisinika ithuba lokukhetha umhleli wombhalo esiwufunayo, okusele esinakho vi. Ifayela le-crontab lizobukeka kanjena.
# mh dom mon dow umyalo womsebenzisi
kuphi:
- m ihambelana nomzuzu lapho iskripthi sizokwenziwa, inani lamanani lisuka ku-0 liye ku-59
- h isikhathi esiqondile, ifomethi yamahora angama-24 isingathwa, amanani asukela ku-0 kuye kwangama-23, kuthi u-0 abe ngu-12: 00 phakathi kwamabili.
- dom isho usuku lwenyanga, ngokwesibonelo ungacacisa i-15 uma ufuna ukugijima njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15
- dow kusho usuku lwesonto, lungaba izinombolo (0 kuye ku-7, lapho u-0 no-7 kuyiSonto) noma izinhlamvu zokuqala ezi-3 zosuku ngesiNgisi: mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun.
- umsebenzisi ichaza umsebenzisi ozokhipha umyalo, kungaba yimpande, noma umsebenzisi ohlukile inqobo nje uma enezimvume zokwenza iskripthi.
- umyalo kubhekisa kumyalo noma indlela ephelele yeskripthi okufanele yenziwe, isibonelo: /home/usuario/script/update.sh, uma ibiza iskripthi kufanele sisebenze
Ukucaca izibonelo ezimbalwa zemisebenzi ye-cron echaziwe:
15 10 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / imibhalo / update.sh
Izosebenzisa iskripthi se-update.sh ngo-10: 15 ekuseni nsuku zonke
15 22 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / imibhalo / update.sh
Izosebenzisa iskripthi se-update.sh ngo-10: 15 ntambama nsuku zonke
00 10 * * 0 izimpande apt-get -y buyekeza Umsuka womsebenzisi
Izokwenza ukubuyekeza njalo ngeSonto ngo-10: 00 ekuseni
I-45 10 * * impande yelanga i-apt-get -y update
Umsebenzisi we-Root uzoqhuba isibuyekezo njalo ngeSonto (ngeLanga) ngo-10: 45 ekuseni
30 7 20 11 * umsebenzisi / ikhaya/usuario/script/update.sh
NgoNovemba 20 ngo-7: 30 umsebenzisi uzosebenzisa iskripthi
30 7 11 11 umsebenzisi we-sun /home/usuario/scripts/pastel_con_velitas.sh
NgoNovemba 11 ngo-7: 30 ekuseni futhi lelo yiSonto, umsebenzisi uzogubha i-sysadmin yakhe (okungukuthi, mina)
01 * * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya /usuario/script/molestorecordatorio.sh
Isikhumbuzo esicasulayo njalo ngomzuzu wehora ngalinye nsuku zonke (AKUNCONYIWE)
Zisengaphathwa amabanga akhethekile:
I-30 17 * * 1,2,3,4,5
Ngo-5: 30 ntambama nsuku zonke kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu.
00 12 1,15,28 * *
Ngo-12 emini njalo ngenyanga yokuqala, eyishumi nanhlanu kanye neyama-28 yenyanga ngayinye (ekahle ngeholo)
Uma lokhu kudida, izibambo ze-crontab izintambo ezikhethekile zokuchaza lezi zigaba.
@reboot Qalisa kanye, ekuqaleni
@yearly isebenza kanye kuphela ngonyaka: 0 0 1 1 *
@ngokufanayo ne- @yearly
@monthly isebenza kanye ngenyanga, usuku lokuqala: 0 0 1 * *
@weekly Weekly umzuzu wokuqala wehora lokuqala lesonto. 0 0 * * 0 ″.
@daily nsuku zonke, ngo-12: 00 A.M. 0 0 * * *
@midnight kufana @daily
@ ihora ngomzuzu wokuqala wehora ngalinye: 0 * * * *
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulula kakhulu.
@hourly user /home/user/scripts/molestorecordatorio.sh @monthly user /home/user/scripts/backup.sh @daily izimpande thola ukubuyekeza && apt-get -y thuthukisa
Okokugcina:
Ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi yeCron
ifayela le-crontab
Faka esikhundleni sefayela le-crontab elikhona ngefayela elichazwe ngumsebenzisi
i-crontab-e
Hlela ifayela le-crontab lomsebenzisi, umugqa ngamunye omusha kuzoba umsebenzi omusha we-crontab.
i-crontab -l
Bhala yonke imisebenzi ye-crontab yomsebenzisi
crontab -d
Susa i-crontab yomsebenzisi
crontab -c dir
Ichaza umkhombandlela womsebenzisi we-crontab (lokhu kumele kube nokubhala komsebenzisi futhi kusebenze izimvume)
crontab -u umsebenzisi
Isiqalo sokuphatha i-crontab yomunye umsebenzisi, izibonelo:
$ sudo crontab -l -u impande $ sudo crontab -e umsebenzisi2 #crontab -d -u umsebenzisi
Leli thuluzi, njengamanye amaningi, lingabonakala ngokujula nangaphezulu ngemininingwane ku:
Ugh… kuyadida kancane.
* / 30 ayitholakali (kunkambu yamaminithi) esebenza njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 ...
Lokhu nje bengizokuphawula ngize ngithathe isinqumo sokubuyekeza imibono 😀
Lesi siguquli siwulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu nokuthile okuwusizo kakhulu.
Sawubona!
Njengamanje ngivivinya ukucushwa njalo ngemizuzu engama-45.
* / 45 * * * *, futhi imiyalo yenziwa ngemizuzu engama-45 njalo ngehora KANYE nehora. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
Isebenza ngo-3: 45, bese kuba ngu-4: 00, 4: 45, bese kuba ngu-5: 00, 5: 45, 6: 00, 6: 45, njalonjalo.
Nginokuthile okungahambi kahle? Yini engingayenza ukukwenza kuphela njalo ngemizuzu engama-45, noma okungenani kanye ngemizuzu engama-45 njalo ngehora.
Sawubona!
Njengamanje ngivivinya ukucushwa njalo ngemizuzu engama-45.
* / 45 * * * *, futhi imiyalo yenziwa ngemizuzu engama-45 njalo ngehora KANYE nehora. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
Isebenza ngo-3: 45, bese kuba ngu-4: 00, 4: 45, bese kuba ngu-5: 00, 5: 45, 6: 00, 6: 45, njalonjalo.
Nginokuthile okungahambi kahle? Yini engingayenza ukukwenza kuphela njalo ngemizuzu engama-45, noma okungenani kanye ngemizuzu engama-45 njalo ngehora.
Sawubona ulwazi oluwusizo olukhulu ukucacisa ukuthi i-cron isebenza kanjani.
Amabhayithi
ngoba *
Kuhle, ngiyabonga ngokucacisa ukuthi i-cron isebenza kanjani .. ake sibeke isandla esincane 🙂
Lo mugqa njengoba ngiqonda ukuthi uzokwenziwa ngo-10: 15 ntambama, ungilungise uma nginephutha
Kulapho lapho kuthi khona ngo-10: 15 ekuseni
15 22 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / imibhalo / update.sh
Sawubona! imininingwane enhle kakhulu.
Ukwenza iSkripthi njalo uhhafu wehora, umugqa okufanele wengezwe kwiCronTab uzoba: "30 * * * * root Scrip.sh" Ngiqinisile? Ngibonga kakhulu!
Cha. Uma ngikhumbula kahle, ngalokho kufanele ubeke / 30 * * * * impande iScrip.sh.
Lokho, engeza i- / ngaphambi kwama-30.
Halala! UPaul.
Sawubona, ngikuthandile okuthunyelwe kwakho, kuphelele impela kepha bengifuna ukukubuza okuthile.
Nginezinkinga ngalo myalo nomunye onjenge- "at".
Ngifuna ukusebenzisa iskripthi ngesikhathi esithile bese ngifaka
at -f /home/mi_user/Desk/script.sh 18:08 isibonelo
futhi iskripthi asenziwa esibukweni, okungukuthi, esigungwini, ingabe senziwa ngemuva?
Futhi nge-cron kwenzeka into efanayo kimi, ngihlela ifayela le-crontab nge "crontab -e"
ekugcineni ngifaka lo mugqa:
46 19 i-my_user /home/mi_user/Desk/script.sh
futhi ayenzi lutho, ayikhombisi iskripthi.
Noma yikuphi ukusikisela? Ngiyabonga kakhulu futhi ngiyaxolisa nganoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka
Ukuze ukuphela kuvele, kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzise i-terminal bese udlulisa iskripthi njengepharamitha.
Isibonelo:
i-lxterminal -e "i-my_user /home/my_user/Desk/script.sh"
Ipharamitha ongayisebenzisa ingahluka ngokuya nge-emulator yokugcina oyisebenzisayo.
Ngiyethemba kuyasebenza.
Hug! UPaul.
Umnikelo uyahlonishwa.
Amaphuzu ayi-10 !!
salu2!!
Ngiyabonga kakhulu, kungisize kakhulu ukucacisa ezinye izinto, ngiyabonga ngokuphelele, ukuthola eminye imininingwane noma imibuzo engizoya ngayo kwi-MAN PAGE, imikhonzo ephindiwe.
Malume ngiyabonga kakhulu, bengilokhu ngifunda futhi ngivivinya izibonelo. ngiyabonga kakhulu ... kuyaqondakala. Jabulela
Ngisebenzise ubuntu Server 12.04.2 LTS, kanye ne-crontab enginayo, ukususa uhlu lwemisebenzi yomsebenzisi kuyasetshenziswa, crontab -r (and -l, as this manual says). Impela kungumbuzo wezinguqulo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngake ngagijimisa kuphela i-crontab futhi lolu hlobo lwangivumela ngizenzele ifayili lami lokubulawa, kepha bekungeyona le ebibulawa. Lowo ogijimayo nguyena ku- / etc / crontab. mhlawumbe omunye uzosebenzisa ukuphawula.
I-PS (ngiseshe nge-locate ne-whereis crontab kepha ibuyisa kuphela ikheli elingenhla kanye nelinye ifayela elibethelwe, ngakho-ke uma lowo owabulawa kunguye ku / etc / crontab, kepha lapho kwenziwa umyalo we-crontab -e, okwami kwavela ngayo yonke imisebenzi ebengiyichazile) beligcinwa kuphi leli fayela '???? Ozithobayo. Ngihlala ngingena ngezimpande.
Kuhle kakhulu, ilusizo kakhulu !!!
Sawubona, ngithanda ukwenza lokhu ………… «15 10 * * * impande ifdown eth0»
okusho ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile ikhadi lenethiwekhi livaliwe ………… kahle, ngilibeke ekhontini futhi alisebenzi …… .. kwenzenjani?
Ukubingelela nokubonga
Ugeje ukuchaza u- "mon" ngemuva kwesihloko esithi "Faka imisebenzi ku-crontab"
I-athikili isemnandi, i-cron ilusizo olukhulu.
Bekupholile kanjani lokho okuthunyelwe okuhle, ngibuze
Uma ngifuna ukugcina ithrekhi yamarekhodi ashiywe ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi, ngingakubona kuphi?
ukunquma ukuthi ngifuna ukubona umlando wezenzo ezenziwe esikhathini esidlule saleli fayela futhi ngifuna ukubona ukuthi ngubani oliguqule nosuku
I-gracias
Ngifuna ukubheka umlando wokuguqulwa kwalokhu
ngingakwenza kanjani
I-gracias
Kuhle,
Ngicabanga ukuthi kuskripthi se-ubuntu wenze iphutha, ubeke i-ap-get -y upgrade esikhundleni se-apt-get -y upgrade. (Ushiye u-t).
A ukubingelela.
Kunjalo. Ngiyabonga!
Hug! UPaul
Ngifuna ukwazi ukuthi ngingalakha kanjani ifayela le-cron ukuze ngikwazi ukucacisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho kwenziwa ngaso, umkhombandlela, njll.
Siyabonga ngokucacisa ukusebenza nemiyalo eyisisekelo ye-cron, manje ukuzijabulisa kancane.
Noma kunini lapho ngifuna imininingwane kunoma yisiphi isihloko esihlobene neGnu / Linux, ngiyajikeleza ngiye ngithole njalo kuma-90% wamacala isifundo esihle kakhulu kulo mphakathi omkhulu, ngicabanga ukuthi kusukela manje ngizoqala lapha bese ngiya kwenye indawo.
Phendula ngokucaphuna
Ngiyabonga Sander! Ukwanga! UPaul.
dom = usuku lwenyanga
dow = usuku lwesonto
kuba lula uma uzihlanganisa
Ngiyabonga kakhulu lokhu okuphelele futhi kuchazwe kahle.
Le yinto efanayo asinike yona uthisha wami we-OS, angishintshi lutho, manje sengiyabona ukuthi kungani ikilasi libi kangaka .-. Yebo, lokhu kuyafana nomsebenzi wesikole xD
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi,
Umbuzo, ingabe isikhathi sesikhathi somsebenzi singakhawulwa?
Isibonelo nginomsebenzi oziphindayo njalo emizuzwini emi-5, ngokuphindaphinda uma lowo msebenzi usasebenza, awuwubulale bese uwuphinda futhi.
Siyabonga,
Nomzamo Mbatha
Sawubona, Marcelo!
Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba ngcono uma uphakamisa lo mbuzo enkonzweni yethu yemibuzo nezimpendulo ebizwa Buza DesdeLinux ukuze umphakathi wonke ukwazi ukukusiza enkingeni yakho.
Ukwanga, uPablo.
okuthunyelwe okuhle.
Uyini umyalo esigungwini ngasinye ukufaka imisebenzi ku-crontab (ngaphandle kokufaka i-crontab bese uyifaka ngesandla nge-'crontab -e 'noma ukufaka i-crontab ngenye i-crontab ene-'crontab file').
Umqondo ukudala iskripthi sangaphandle ukufaka imisebenzi ku-crontab
Gracias
kubonakala kimi ukuthi ungasebenzisa 'i-echo' noma yini ofuna ukuyifaka '| ikati >> 'cronotab path (/ etc / cronotab)' «
Isisho sisebenza kanjani njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 ncamashi
Sawubona!
Nginenkinga yokwenza umsebenzi we-cron.
Ngenza lo msebenzi olandelayo nge-cronta -e:
01 * * * * impande /home/user/script/mfile.sh
kepha umsebenzi awenziwanga. Ngiqinisekisile ukuthi i-myfile.sh inemvume yokwenza futhi nokuthi umsebenzisi oyisebenzisayo uyimpande.
Ngisebenzisa umsebenzi ofanayo ku- / etc / crontab nangemva kokuqalisa kabusha insiza, ayisebenzeli nami.
Okuqukethwe kwe-myfile.sh kungumyalo ovuselela i-DB futhi uma ngikusebenzisa kukhonsoli kuyasebenza.
noma yimuphi umbono ukuthi inkinga ingaba yini?
Umsebenzisi wedatha kungenzeka angabi nazo zonke izimvume futhi kuzofanela uqale uthumele okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo kusuka kunjini yakho yedatha.
Isibonelo ku-db2 lo mugqa uzoya ekuqaleni kweskripthi
. / ikhaya / db2inst1 / sqllib / db2profile
Enye imbangela kungaba ukuthi iskripthi sidinga ukuxhumeka kudathabheyisi, senze ukuxhumana ku-database ngaphakathi kweskripthi
Bengingazi ukuthi kufanele ngiqale kabusha i-crond, bengilokhu ngilwa nalokhu isikhashana
Bazokwazi ukuthi bangabonisa kanjani ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa njalo ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngesikhathi esibonisiwe .. imininingwane ukuthi angikwazi ukufeza ukuthi ngazi kanjani ukuthi kuthatha usuku lokugcina lwenyanga ngayinye .. ??? Bekumele ngibhale phansi ngakunye kodwa uma kuphela inyanga kaFebhuwari ifika ukuthi iyibhiciesto iba nzima ...
usuku oluhle!!
Ngiyimisa kanjani inqubo eyenziwa ku-crontab?
inqubo * …………
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungangisiza? eu tenho um script ngu-minha umbhali ongasebenzi akukho crontab! Jб dei zonke izimvume, hhayi ikron ethile noma umsebenzisi ongayenza - akukho lutho olwenzekayo! Ngingathanda ukwazi ukuthi ungangisiza yini, ezinye izinto azisebenzi cron! Vlws
Ungawenza kanjani umsebenzi ukusebenzisa usuku nosuku lokugcina lwenyanga (izinsuku: 31-30-28)?
Njengoba usuvele wazi, umyalo su usetshenziselwa ukuguqula umsebenzisi kukhonsoli. Uma ngisebenzisa umyalo su ngale ndlela: "umsebenzisi wakho" shintsha umsebenzisi kepha ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo ezifanele "zomsebenzisi", uma ngisebenzisa su njengo: "su - umsebenzisi" shintsha umsebenzisi ngokulayisha izilungiselelo zomsebenzisi. Nge-cron ngikhombisa umsebenzisi, kepha ngilayisha kanjani izilungiselelo zalo msebenzisi?
Futhi uma ngifuna ukuyiyeka?
Sawubona,
Angazi ukuthi ngenzani okungalungile, kepha ngilandela izinyathelo futhi akukho okwenziwayo. Ngizamile:
59 * * * * / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * impande / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * usr / bin / test.sh
* * * * * impande usr / bin / test.sh
futhi lutho. Ayenzi lutho. Ngiqale kabusha nakho konke.
muchas Gracias