I-Cron ne-crontab, kuchaziwe

ULucain umphakathi esikhashaneni esedlule okokufundisa okuhle kakhulu ku-cron ne-crontab engicabanga ukuthi kufanele ukuhlanganyela. ICron uhlobo olulinganayo Nemisebenzi Ehleliwe kuWindows, kuphela ukuthi isingathwa kusuka esigungwini. Labo abakhetha isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo ukufeza inhloso efanayo, bangakubona lokhu esinye isihloko.

Yini i-cron?

Igama cron livela kuma-chronos esiGreki okusho ukuthi "isikhathi." Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Unix, i-cron imenenja yenqubo yangemuva ejwayelekile (i-daemon) eqhuba izinqubo noma imibhalo ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokwesibonelo, yonke iminithi, usuku, isonto, noma inyanga). Izinqubo okufanele zenziwe nesikhathi okufanele zenziwe ngaso zichaziwe kufayela le-crontab.

Isebenza kanjani

I-cron daemon iqala kusuka ku- /etc/rc.d/ o /etc/init.d kuya ngokusatshalaliswa. UCron ugijima ngemuva, ubheka ithebula lomsebenzi we-crontab njalo ngeminithi / njll / crontab noma ku / var / spool / cron ekufuneni imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe. Njengomsebenzisi singangeza imiyalo noma imibhalo ngemisebenzi yokwenza cron ukwenza ezinye izinqubo zenzeke. Lokhu kuyasiza ngokwesibonelo ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela ukuvuselelwa kohlelo noma uhlelo oluhle lokusekelayo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Okokufundisa: Faka .tar.gz kanye .tar.bz2 Packages

Yini iCrontab?

ICrontab yifayela lombhalo elilula eligcina uhlu lwemiyalo okufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi esichazwe ngumsebenzisi. ICrontab izoqinisekisa usuku nesikhathi okufanele kwenziwe ngaso iskripthi noma umyalo, izimvume zokwenza futhi izokwenza ngemuva. Umsebenzisi ngamunye angaba nefayela lakhe le-crontab, empeleni ifayela le- crontab / njll / crontab kuthathwa njengefayela le-crontab lomsebenzisi wezimpande, lapho abasebenzisi abajwayelekile (kanye nezimpande) befuna ukukhiqiza ifayili labo le-crontab bese sizosebenzisa umyalo we-crontab.

ICrontab kuyindlela elula yokuphatha imisebenzi ye-cron kumasistimu wabasebenzisi abaningi, kungaba njengomsebenzisi wohlelo olulula noma umsebenzisi wezimpande.

Isebenzisa i-crontab

Siqala ngesibonelo esilula.

Sizokwenza ukushintsha kwesistimu kube lula, ukuqeda ukucasula kokuthi "Ngihlale kufanele ngivuselele futhi angikuthandi lokho!"

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imiyalo yokwazi uhlelo (khomba i-Hardware nokunye okulungiselelwe kwesoftware)

Okokuqala sizokwenza iskripthi. Lo mbhalo uzobizwa nge-cron futhi uzoqukatha yonke imiyalo esifuna ukuthi iwenze, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuwuhlola ezimweni eziningi nangezindlela eziningana ngaphambi kokuwufaka ku-cron, iskripthi esilula sokuvuselela esinjengalesi:

#! / bin / bash #script update example #choice your distribution # debian-ubuntu # apt-get update & apt-get -y upgrade #fedora #yum -y update #Arch #pacman --noconfirm -Syu

Susa i- # kulayini wakho we-distro. Uma kwenzeka kungu-Ubuntu / Debian, kuqala nge-apt-get.

Sigcina iskripthi njenge-update.sh (isb.imibhalo ekhombisa ikhaya lakho). Siguqula izimvume zokwenza lo mbhalo oshiwo nge:

chmod a + x ~ / scripts / update.sh

Sisebenzisa iskripthi izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, siguqula okudingekayo (akufanele kube namaphutha, ngaphandle kwalokho i-cron izophinda iphutha kaninginingi). Manje ukufaka umsebenzi ku-crontab yethu.

Faka imisebenzi ku-crontab

Sisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-crontab nge-crontab -e, kwamanye ama-distros (afana no-Ubuntu) lisinika ithuba lokukhetha umhleli wombhalo esiwufunayo, okusele esinakho vi. Ifayela le-crontab lizobukeka kanjena.

# mh dom mon dow umyalo womsebenzisi

kuphi:

• m ihambelana nomzuzu lapho iskripthi sizokwenziwa, inani lamanani lisuka ku-0 liye ku-59
• h isikhathi esiqondile, ifomethi yamahora angama-24 isingathwa, amanani asukela ku-0 kuye kwangama-23, kuthi u-0 abe ngu-12: 00 phakathi kwamabili.
• dom isho usuku lwenyanga, ngokwesibonelo ungacacisa i-15 uma ufuna ukugijima njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15
• dow kusho usuku lwesonto, lungaba izinombolo (0 kuye ku-7, lapho u-0 no-7 kuyiSonto) noma izinhlamvu zokuqala ezi-3 zosuku ngesiNgisi: mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun.
• umsebenzisi ichaza umsebenzisi ozokhipha umyalo, kungaba yimpande, noma umsebenzisi ohlukile inqobo nje uma enezimvume zokwenza iskripthi.
• umyalo kubhekisa kumyalo noma indlela ephelele yeskripthi okufanele yenziwe, isibonelo: /home/usuario/script/update.sh, uma ibiza iskripthi kufanele sisebenze

Ukucaca izibonelo ezimbalwa zemisebenzi ye-cron echaziwe:

15 10 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / imibhalo / update.sh

Izosebenzisa iskripthi se-update.sh ngo-10: 15 ekuseni nsuku zonke

15 22 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / imibhalo / update.sh

Izosebenzisa iskripthi se-update.sh ngo-10: 15 ntambama nsuku zonke

00 10 * * 0 izimpande apt-get -y buyekeza Umsuka womsebenzisi

Izokwenza ukubuyekeza njalo ngeSonto ngo-10: 00 ekuseni

I-45 10 * * impande yelanga i-apt-get -y update

Umsebenzisi we-Root uzoqhuba isibuyekezo njalo ngeSonto (ngeLanga) ngo-10: 45 ekuseni

30 7 20 11 * umsebenzisi / ikhaya/usuario/script/update.sh

NgoNovemba 20 ngo-7: 30 umsebenzisi uzosebenzisa iskripthi

30 7 11 11 umsebenzisi we-sun /home/usuario/scripts/pastel_con_velitas.sh

NgoNovemba 11 ngo-7: 30 ekuseni futhi lelo yiSonto, umsebenzisi uzogubha i-sysadmin yakhe (okungukuthi, mina)

01 * * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya /usuario/script/molestorecordatorio.sh

Isikhumbuzo esicasulayo njalo ngomzuzu wehora ngalinye nsuku zonke (AKUNCONYIWE)

Zisengaphathwa amabanga akhethekile:

I-30 17 * * 1,2,3,4,5

Ngo-5: 30 ntambama nsuku zonke kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu.

00 12 1,15,28 * *

Ngo-12 emini njalo ngenyanga yokuqala, eyishumi nanhlanu kanye neyama-28 yenyanga ngayinye (ekahle ngeholo)

Uma lokhu kudida, izibambo ze-crontab izintambo ezikhethekile zokuchaza lezi zigaba.

@reboot Qalisa kanye, ekuqaleni
@yearly isebenza kanye kuphela ngonyaka: 0 0 1 1 *
@ngokufanayo ne- @yearly
@monthly isebenza kanye ngenyanga, usuku lokuqala: 0 0 1 * *
@weekly Weekly umzuzu wokuqala wehora lokuqala lesonto. 0 0 * * 0 ″.
@daily nsuku zonke, ngo-12: 00 A.M. 0 0 * * *
@midnight kufana @daily
@ ihora ngomzuzu wokuqala wehora ngalinye: 0 * * * *

Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulula kakhulu.

@hourly user /home/user/scripts/molestorecordatorio.sh @monthly user /home/user/scripts/backup.sh @daily izimpande thola ukubuyekeza && apt-get -y thuthukisa

Okokugcina:

Ukuphathwa kwemisebenzi yeCron

ifayela le-crontab

Faka esikhundleni sefayela le-crontab elikhona ngefayela elichazwe ngumsebenzisi

i-crontab-e

Hlela ifayela le-crontab lomsebenzisi, umugqa ngamunye omusha kuzoba umsebenzi omusha we-crontab.

i-crontab -l

Bhala yonke imisebenzi ye-crontab yomsebenzisi

crontab -d

Susa i-crontab yomsebenzisi

crontab -c dir

Ichaza umkhombandlela womsebenzisi we-crontab (lokhu kumele kube nokubhala komsebenzisi futhi kusebenze izimvume)

crontab -u umsebenzisi

Isiqalo sokuphatha i-crontab yomunye umsebenzisi, izibonelo:

$ sudo crontab -l -u impande $ sudo crontab -e umsebenzisi2 #crontab -d -u umsebenzisi

Leli thuluzi, njengamanye amaningi, lingabonakala ngokujula nangaphezulu ngemininingwane ku:

• Imanyuwali yeCron
• Imanyuwali yeCrontab
• ICrontab ku-wiki wiki