Ivelaphi i-UNIX?

Ngibingelele kubo bonke 🙂 kula masonto bengijabule kakhulu ngifunda ezinye zezincwadi ezinhlelweni, iqiniso ukuthi indlela engcono yokufunda uhlelo luhlala lunencwadi, noma yisiphi isihloko, okokufundisa, umhlahlandlela umuntu angakuthola (kufaka phakathi okwami) kumane nje amabhentshi lapho uwaqhathanisa nencwadi yangempela ngale ndaba. Manje, kufanele sichaze ukuthi iyini incwadi "yangempela" futhi, ngoba akuzona zonke izincwadi ezivame ukuba zinhle, futhi eziningi zazo zingabiza ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho ezikufanele ngempela futhi zichithe isikhathi.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka uhlu lwezincwadi engilufundile nohlu lwezincwadi engingazincoma seluhlukane kancane, kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza phakathi kwezinye zezintandokazi zami esinazo (ngokungahlelekile):

• I-CEH Certified Ethical Hacker kaMat Walker.
• Ukuqala kwePython: Kusuka ku-Novice kuya ku-Professional nguMagnus Lie Hetland.
• Ukugenca: ubuciko bokuxhashazwa nguJon Erickson.
• Ukuqala nge-Arduino nguMassimo Banzi.
• Ukufunda i-bash Shell nguCameron Newbam noBill Rosenblatt.
• Ukufunda abahleli be-vi ne-vim ngu-Arnold Robbins, u-Elbert Hannah noLinda Lamb.
• I-Linux Kernel ngamafuphi nguGreg Kroah-Hartman (unjiniyela we-Gentoo naye).
• I-Modern C kaJens Gustedt
• IShellcoder's Handbook ebhalwe nguChris Anley, John Heasman, Felix «FX» Linder & Gerardo Richarte.
• Ulimi lokuhlela C olwenziwa nguBrian W. Kernighan noDennis M. Ritchie (abadali beC)
• Ukulungisa iphutha nge-GDB nguRichard Stallman, uRoland Pesch, uStan Shebs, et al.
• Ukugenca iLinux kuvezwe: Izimfihlo Zokuvikela zeLinux nezixazululo ezivela eqenjini elikhulu labaphenyi be-ISECOM, kufaka phakathi uPete Herzog, Marga Barceló, Rick Tucker, Andrea Barisani (omunye owayengunjiniyela weGentoo), uThomas Bader, uSimon Biles, uColby Clark, uRaoul Chiesa, uPablo Endres , Richard Feist, Andrea Ghirardini, Julian "HammerJammer" Ho, Marco Ivaldi, Dru Lavigne, Stephane Lo Presti, Christopher Low, Ty Miller, Armand Puccetti & et al.
• Izinhlelo Zokusebenza: Indlela Esuselwa Kumqondo kaDhananjay M. Dhamdhere
• I-Pro Git kaScott Chacon noBen Straub
• Isazi C Programming: Izimfihlo ezijulile zikaPeter Van Der Linden.

Ngangikwazi ukukhuluma kahle kakhulu ngalezi zincwadi, kepha kuze kube namuhla sizothatha ezinye zezindima ezivela kweyokugcina ohlwini, njengoba iningi lala ma-anectode lingithandile futhi langisiza ukuba ngiqonde kangcono ezinye zezimfihlo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-C nohlelo kukonke

U-Unix no-C

Uma sikhuluma nge-UNIX, umlando uhlangene nemvelaphi yalolu hlelo nokuthuthuka kolimi kuze kube namuhla kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalo nakwizakhi zalo (kufaka neLinux). Futhi okumangazayo ukuthi laba bobabili bazalwa "ngephutha."

Eziningi Kwakuwuphrojekthi omkhulu owahlanganisa iBell Laboratories, uGeneral Electric kanye neMIT uqobo ukudala uhlelo lokusebenza, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lunamaphutha amaningi, futhi phakathi kokunye okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwehluleka kokusebenza okwenze ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenziseke kalula. Sikhuluma ngonyaka we-1969, ngakho-ke i-hardware yaleso sikhathi ayikwazanga ukuxhasa inani le-software ebelidingeka ukuqhuba uhlelo uqobo.

Kuze kwaba ngo-1970 lapho onjiniyela abambalwa beBell baqala ukusebenza ngohlelo olulula, olusheshayo, nolulula lwe-PDP-7. Lonke uhlelo lwalubhalwe ngaphakathi Assembler futhi wayebiziwe UNIX njenge-parody ye Eziningi ngoba wayefuna ukwenza izinto ezimbalwa kuphela, kepha ukuzenza kahle esikhundleni somsebenzi omoshayo omkhulu owachazwa owesibili. Manje usungaqonda ukuthi kungani I-Epoch iqala ngoJanuwari 1, 1970. Fact Iqiniso elifuna ukwazi kimi. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungakhulunywa nge-C uqobo, kepha nge-a Okusha B kwazise imibono kaRitchie yaqhamuka olimini olwalusetshenziswe kakade lwangaleso sikhathi.

Ekuqaleni kukaC

Eminyakeni edlule (1972-3) igama C laqala ukusetshenziswa selokhu kwaqala ukwakheka lolu limi olusha, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kuzalwa elinye iqiniso elinelukuluku, abahleli bezinhlelo abaningi namahlaya ohlelo bathi:

Abahleli bohlelo bazi ukuthi uqala ukubala kusuka ku-0 esikhundleni se-1.

Yebo, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele - isizathu sangempela sokuthi kungani lokhu kubhekwa ngaleyo ndlela kuze kube namuhla kungenxa yokuthi ekudalweni kwayo, kubabhali be-compiler kwakulula ukubala uhlu usebenzisa offsets, lawa akhombisa ibanga elikhona ukusuka endaweni yokuzalwa kuya enhlosweni oyifunayo, yingakho:

array[8]=2;

Kusitshela ukuthi i-element 9  kwamalungu afanayo kuchazwa njengo-2, ngoba amayunithi ayi-8 afakwa kumalungu afanayo ukufinyelela isikhala sememori lapho i-elementi 2 izogcinwa khona. Ngaphambi kuka-C, izilimi eziningi ziqale ukubala kusuka ku-1, ngenxa ka-C, manje cishe konke kuqala ngo-0 🙂 ngakho-ke akulona iphutha labahleli bohlelo, kepha ngababhali abahlanganayo ukuthi kunjalo.

Igobolondo leBourne

Lesi yisihloko okuthi, noma singahlobene ngqo no-C, singasiza abangaphezu koyedwa ukuthi baqonde ukuthi kungani uHlelo lweShell lungajwayelekile, futhi impela kunelukuluku lokwazi. USteve Bourne wabhala umhlanganisi we-Algol-68 kuleyo nkathi, lolu ulimi lapho okhiye ( {} ) kufakwa amagama, ngakho-ke singakuchaza kanjena ku-C:

#define IF if(

#define THEN ){

#define ELSE }else{

#define FI };

Lezi ngezinye nje zezibonelo zalokho okuqondwa yi-Algol, kepha uma sikusebenzisa ezinhlelweni zeShell namuhla, uzoqonda ukuthi kungani ku-Shell izinhlelo zakho zidinga fi ngakunye if Interesting impela iyathakazelisa.

Qala ukufunda

Angikwazi ukukutshela yonke imininingwane yencwadi, ikakhulukazi ngoba eziningi zazo sezivele zihlela izihloko ezidinga isizinda sangaphambili ukuthi siziqonde, kepha bengicabanga ukuthi ngizokwabelana nawe ngama-anecdotes anelukuluku engiwatholile endleleni Anginaso isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinye zezinto ebezisohlwini lwezinto ezizokwenziwa ngoba zimane nje lezi zincwadi zokugcina zingibambile futhi ngiyazijabulela nsuku zonke futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ngizama ukuziqonda ngokugcwele. Ngiyabingelela futhi kungekudala ngizokwazi ukwabelana nawe ngezihloko eziningi, imikhonzo.