Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulungisa amadiski futhi zibuyisele idatha ku-Linux - Ingxenye II
Emahoreni ambalwa edlule, sikunikeze Ingxenye I enkulu yalolu shicilelo ingqikithi yayo noma inhloso yayo kuwukufunda mayelana nezicelo noma izinhlelo «hlola futhi ulungise amadiski futhi ubuyisele idatha kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza ye-GNU/Linux», iWindows ne-macOS. Futhi njengoba, kuyo sigxila ohlotsheni lwe-GUI, okungukuthi, i-graphical ukuze isetshenziswe kudeskithophu, Kulokhu sizogxila ohlotsheni lwe-CLI, okungukuthi, i-terminal (Console).
Ngakho, ngezansi sizokukhombisa ezinye zesimanje kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu, Ekugcineni, Ezingu-2 zazo, nakuba zindala, zisasebenza futhi zitholakala, kumakhosombe amaningi e-GNU/Linux Distros.
Amathiphu okuhlola nokulungisa amadiski futhi ubuyisele idatha ku-Linux
Kepha, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuxoxa ngamathuluzi esoftware ohlobo lwe-CLI ayisisekelo ongawazuza «hlola futhi ulungise amadiski futhi ubuyisele idatha kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza ye-GNU/Linux», sincoma ukuthi uhlole i okuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini okuhlobene yalesi sihloko esifanayo, ekugcineni kwaso:
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ze-CLI zokulungisa amadiski kanye nokuthola idatha ku-Linux
fsck y E2Fsck
I-Fsck ne-E2Fsck yizinsiza zesofthiwe ezi-2 ezihlukene ezinomgomo ofanayo ngokuyisisekelo. Okwamanje, eyokuqala ingasetshenziswa ngokufaka i 'util-linux' iphakheji, eyesibili ingasetshenziswa ngokufaka i iphakheji 'e2fsprogs'.
Endabeni fsck, lokhu kuvumela hlola futhi ulungise ngokuzithandela uhlobo olulodwa noma eziningi zesistimu yefayela ye-Linux ngokusebenzisa amagama edivayisi ahambisanayo, izindawo zokukhweza, ilebula yesistimu yefayela noma isicacisi se-UUID, kanye nendlela ehambisanayo, ukuze kuncishiswe inani lesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe konke. Nakuba, endabeni ye E2Fsck, lokhu kwenza into efanayo, kodwa kugxile kuphela kumasistimu wefayela we-ext2, ext3 kanye ne-ext4. Futhi ikakhulukazi, kumasistimu wefayela we-ext3 kanye ne-ext4 asebenzisa Ijenali, ukuphatha amaphutha okwenzeka lapho kuvalwa ngokungafanele noma ngokuzumayo.
I-TestDisk vs PhotoRec
Ngenkathi, TestDisk iyisithwebuli sokuhlukanisa kanye nethuluzi lokubuyisela idiski, I-PhotoRec Inqunyelwe ekubeni ithuluzi lokubuyisela ifayela. Okusho ukuthi, zombili izinsiza zesoftware zivela kumthuthukisi ofanayo futhi eyesibili ihlanganiswe neyokuqala. Futhi ngenkathi I-TestDisk ihlola imikhakha yokuhlukanisa kanye ne-boot yamadiski kanjalo, ukubuyisela ama-partitions alahlekile; I-PhotoRec igxile ekubeni yithuluzi lesofthiwe yokutakula idatha yefayela ilungele ukubuyisela izithombe ezilahlekile kumemori yekhamera yedijithali noma ngisho nama-hard drive. Nakuba, kuwusizo futhi ekufuneni izihloko ezingezona ezilalelwayo/zevidiyo, kanye nokuthola amafayela alolo hlobo.
Futhi, I-TestDisk ilungele buyisela idatha elahlekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zefayela, njenge: NTFS, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, BeFS, CramFS, HFS, JFS, Linux Raid, Linux Swap, LVM, LVM2, NSS, ReiserFS, UFS, XFS. Ngenkathi, I-PhotoRec ihlanganisa ukwesekwa kokutholwa kwamafomethi wefayela angaphezu kuka-440, okuhlanganisa amafayela e-JPG/PNG, namafomethi we-MS Office kanye ne-OpenOffice. Futhi ukuze ufunde ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani, sincoma ukuthi uyihlole ngokuqondile Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni kanye nalo imibhalo esemthethweni.
Ama-BadBlocks
I-BadBlocks iyisisetshenziswa esibulalayo (CLI) esisetshenziselwa ukusesha amabhulokhi awonakele noma amabi kudivayisi yediski noma idivayisi yokugcina (imvamisa ku-disk partition), ngokusebenzisa ifayela elikhethekile elihambisana nalo. Isibonelo: /dev/sda1. Futhi ingaboniswa, noma cha, kusukela kuyiphi imboni yediski ukuqala nokuqeda ukuxilongwa nokulungisa.
Futhi, Ukuze uyisebenzise kufanele ufake iphakheji ye-e2fsprogs, ehlinzeka ngosekelo lokuphatha lwezinhlelo zefayela le-ext2, ext3 kanye ne-ext4, okuyizinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zamafayela ezisetshenziselwa ama-hard drive ku-Debian nezinye izinhlelo ze-Linux. Okusho ukuthi, le phakheji ihlanganisa futhi inikeze abasebenzisi izinsiza zokugcina ukuze bakhe, babuyekeze futhi bagcine izinhlelo zefayela ezisekelwe ku-ext2, ext3 kanye ne-ext4. Ngenkathi, ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ungahlola ingxenye yayo ngeSpanishi ngaphakathi kwe-Arch Wiki.
I-Scapel y Phambili
I-Scalpel wuhlelo oludala lwe-forensics lwekhompuyutha olusasetshenziswa, olulungele ukubuyisela amafayela alahlekile ngokufunda isizindalwazi sezincazelo zesihloko nonyaweni, futhi liyakwazi ukukhipha amafayela afanayo kusethi yamafayela esithombe noma amafayela edivayisi ngaphandle kwefomethi. Izimele futhi iyakwazi ukusebenza ku-FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, JFS, XFS, ReiserFS, partitions eluhlaza, nezinye izinhlelo zamafayela. Ngokuyisisekelo, kuwukubhalwa kabusha okuphelele kohlelo lokusebenza oludala lwe-Foremost 0.69, kodwa lusawusizo kukho kokubili uphenyo lwesayensi yedijithali kanye nokutholwa kwefayela.
Phambili kuwuhlelo oludala lwe-computer forensics olusasetshenziswa, olulungele ukubuyisela amafayela alahlekile ngokusekelwe kwezihloko zawo, onyaweni kanye nezakhiwo zedatha yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ilungele ukusebenza kumafayela esithombe sediski, njengalawo akhiqizwe yi-dd, Safeback, Encase, phakathi kwabanye; noma ngqo kuyunithi. Izihloko nonyaweni kungacaciswa kusetshenziswa ifayela lokumisa, noma ungasebenzisa ukushintshwa komugqa womyalo ukuze ucacise izinhlobo zamafayela akhelwe ngaphakathi. Lezi zinhlobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zihlaziya izakhiwo zedatha yefomethi yefayela elinikeziwe, okuvumela ukutholwa okuthembekile nokusheshayo.
Njengoba usufinyelele kuleli qophelo, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele i-Arch Wiki enkulu, uma kwenzeka ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe izinhlelo kanye nezinsiza zokuthola kabusha ifayela. Futhi ezitolimendeni ezizayo (izingxenye), sithemba ukuthi sizongena kuthuluzi ngalinye le-CLI elishiwo lapha, ukuze sifundise ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
Isifingqo
Kafushane, sithemba ukuthi, njengengxenye yokuqala yalolu shicilelo, lo mhlahlandlela omncane wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-CLI ugxile ekuvumeleni «hlola futhi ulungise amadiski futhi ubuyisele idatha kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza ye-GNU/Linux» noma ezinye ezifana neWindows ne-macOS, ikuvumela ukuthi ubhekane ngempumelelo futhi uxazulule le misebenzi. Futhi uma wazi noma yiliphi elinye ithuluzi le-software ye-CLI elilungele le nhloso, sikumema ukuthi ukhulume ngakho ngokuphawula, ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu, ngaleyo ndlela uqhubeke nokunikela ukusatshalaliswa nokwanda kwayo yonke into ehlobene ne-Linuxverse.
Okokugcina, khumbula vakashela wethu «ikhasi lasekhaya» ngeSpanishi. Noma, nganoma yiluphi olunye ulimi (ngokwengeza nje izinhlamvu ezi-2 ekupheleni kwe-URL yethu yamanje, isibonelo: ar, de, en, fr, ja, pt kanye no-ru, phakathi kwezinye eziningi) ukuze ufunde okuqukethwe kwamanje okwengeziwe. Ukwengeza, sikumema ukuthi ujoyine yethu Isiteshi socingo esisemthethweni ukufunda nokwabelana ngezindaba eziningi, imihlahlandlela kanye nezifundo ezivela kuwebhusayithi yethu. Futhi, okulandelayo Esinye isiteshi seTelegram ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-Linuxverse ngokuvamile.