Re: Lapho igama elithi 'mahhala' ku 'software yamahhala' lingenandaba

Ngolunye usuku ngazithela le ndatshana ethokozisayo enesihloko esithi "Lapho igama elithi 'mahhala' 'kusoftware yamahhala' alisho lutho." Ibhalwe ngu UBenjamin Humphrey, omunye wabasunguli be ohso, inkampani engemuva kwebhulogi edumile OMG! Ubuntu. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi amazwi akhe awabasebenzisi abaningi be-Ubuntu, ikakhulukazi labo abanobuthakathaka be-Mac.Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala kimi ukuthi uBenjamin ukwazile ukuveza imibono ethile kahle, engingathanda ukuyiphikisa, okungangabazeki ukuthi izokhiqiza impikiswano eshubile.

I-athikili iqala ngokuchazwa kokuthi isoftware yamahhala isho ukuthini. Njengoba kujwayele ukwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezweni elikhuluma isiNgisi, liphinde lichaze okukhulu ukudideka phakathi kwesoftware yamahhala nesoftware yamahhala. Kepha-ke, angicabangi ukuthi le yinto ethakazelisa kakhulu ngale ndatshana.

Lapho igama elithi "mahhala" ku- "isoftware yamahhala" lingenandaba

Uma wenze ucwaningo oluncane esitolo sakho sangakini, ucabanga ukuthi bangaki abantu abasebenzisa isoftware yamahhala? Futhi bangaki abantu, isoftware ephathelene?

Impendulo isobala ezimweni eziningi. Isoftware ephathekayo iyabusa. Ngenkathi abanye abantu besebenzisa isoftware yamahhala, imvamisa abazi ukuthi ikhululekile noma ayinandaba. Isibonelo esibonisayo yiFirefox: ingalandwa mahhala, kepha umsebenzisi ojwayelekile uyazi ukuthi 'imahhala' kanjani? Noma uyekile ukufunda inkinobho ethi "Landa Manje"?

Kubalulekile futhi ukubuza ukuthi kungani lowo muntu esebenzisa iFirefox. Ngoba isoftware esezingeni, enedumela elihle futhi ukwazile ukuyithola mahhala. Ezimweni eziningi, konke okunye akubalulekile. Incazelo "yesoftware esezingeni eliphakeme" inzima kakhulu, kepha uma kukhulunywa nje, isoftware enhle yile:

• Uthembekile
• Kulula ukuyisebenzisa
• Yebo
• Unedumela elihle
• Futhi, ngezinga elithile, kuyathandwa (*)

(*) Abantu bayizimvu. Uma ubona umuntu enza okuthile noma esebenzisa umkhiqizo othile, nakanjani uzokwenza okufanayo. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi izinkampani zisebenzise osaziwayo ukukhangisa imikhiqizo yazo futhi yingakho izikhangiso ze-Facebook zingasuselwa ezincomeni zabangani bakho.

Ngokunikezwa kokukhethwa kukho okulandelayo, ucabanga ukuthi yikuphi okungenzeka kube khona?

Umuntu ukhokhela isoftware esezingeni eliphakeme noma ayilande ngokungemthetho kwi-inthanethi.

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Umuntu usebenzisa isoftware yamahhala esezingeni eliphansi kune-software ephathelene.

Ngibheja cishe wonke umuntu uzoya ngenketho 1 uma inani lilungile. Khumbula, abantu bazimisele ukukhokhela imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi kwesinye isikhathi akudingeki nokuthi bakwenze. Ekugcineni, abasebenzisi abacabangi kakhulu ngokuthi isoftware "imahhala" kanjani. Izimo ezihamba phambili zomsebenzisi ojwayelekile yilezo abangafinyelela kuzo isoftware okungukuthi, yona futhi ekhululekile nekhwalithi.

Ngokombono wonjiniyela, abasebenzisi abajwayelekile abanayo intshisekelo kukhodi njengathi. Banentshisekelo kulokho abangakwenza ngaleyo khodi nokuthi bazokhokha malini ukuze bayithole. Ngisebenzisa i-Skype ngoba ngicabanga ukuthi ingcono kune-XMPP yengxoxo yezwi, futhi angikhokhi lutho ngayo.

Iningi labantu liyaliqonda igama elithi "isoftware yamahhala" ngokwehlukile kunabavangeli bamahhala besoftware. Ukushumayela ngesoftware yamahhala nomthombo ovulekile kungenye yezindlela eziningi zokuguqula abantu benze isoftware yamahhala, futhi ngokungangabazeki kwenze abaningi baphendukela kwisoftware yamahhala, kepha ekugcineni ukukholisa iningi konke kuya kwikhwalithi yesoftware. Ukuthi kumahhala yibhonasi nje kuphela.

Ukubukwa namazwana

Okokuqala, ake sithi ngabelana noBenjamin umbono wokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesoftware yamahhala. Yenze ibe lula, enembile, nenhle, enamandla (enokusebenza okuningi), emisha, ephephile, ehambisanayo, elungisekayo, njll. Akekho engqondweni yabo efanele ongamelana nalokhu. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuwukuphela kombono engihlanganyela noBenjamin.

Ingabe isoftware yamahhala esezingeni eliphansi kune-software ephathelene?

Kunombono (ongalungile ngokuphelele) osebenza njengo "ntambo obomvu" kuso sonke lesi sihloko nokuthi, mhlawumbe, bekuyisizathu esenza ukuthi uBenjamin abhale lo mbhalo oyimpikiswano: isoftware yamahhala isezingeni eliphansi kune-software yobunikazi.

Asikho neze isizathu sokusekela isimangalo esinjalo. Ngokombono oyiqiniso, amaqiniso akhombisa ukuthi njengoba nje kune-software enhle kakhulu ephathelene nokuphathwa, kune-software esezingeni eliphakeme yamahhala. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukusho lokhu ngokwemibono yethiyori: akukho lutho olwenza isoftware yamahhala ibukeke phansi kunekhwalithi kune-software ephathelene. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ithuba lokuthola ikhodi yomthombo, ukuyiguqula nokulihambisa ngaphandle kwezingqinamba zomthetho futhi mahhala likhiqiza umphumela we-snowball okusho ukuthi amaphrojekthi wesoftware wamahhala angaqhubeka athuthuke.

Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi njengoba "kungekho mali ebandakanyekayo," asikho isisusa sokuthuthukisa leyo software. Iqiniso likhombise okuphambene: kunamaphrojekthi wesoftware amaningi asezingeni eliphakeme futhi athandwa kakhulu (iFirefox, isibonelo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakukhohlwa lokho kungenzeka ukwenza imali ngesoftware yamahhala (Ungathengisa isoftware, ukwesekwa, njll.). Kukhona nezinkampani ezinkulu ezenza imali ngazo: I-Red Hat, iCanonical, njll. Okokugcina, ukungabi bikho kohlelo abakhokhelwayo abazinikele ngokugcwele kuphrojekthi yesoftware yamahhala kususwa iqiniso lokuthi noma yimuphi umqambi kule planethi angakwazi ukufinyelela ikhodi futhi ahambisane nalokhu okwenziwe abanye. Ngamanye amagama, ukungabi nesikhathi kwabanye kunxeshezelwa ngosizo lwabanye. Ukungasho iqiniso elisobala: kukonke, singcono kakhulu ku- sebenza ezintweni esizithandayo nokuthi senza nje ukuzijabulisa kunalapho aphoqeleka ukuba sizikhohlise ngokuthi kufanele sigoduke nesinkwa ngaphansi kwezingalo zethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize kubonakala kuyindida enonya, izizathu eziningi eziveza izikhalazo ngabasebenzisi be-software yamahhala zinomsuka wazo emikhawulweni yesoftware ephathelene. ILibreOffice ayiwafundi kahle amadokhumenti ami eZwi! Ngifuna uhlelo lwami lukwazi ukufunda amafayela we-MP3 "ngaphandle kwebhokisi"! Kungani iFlash ne-Skype imbi kangaka kwiLinux? Kungani ividiyo yami noma ikhadi le-Wi-Fi lingasebenzi njengoba lenza ku-Windows? Ekugcineni, lobu "bunzima" buphathelene nokwenziwa kwamazinga amafomethi nezakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha (kanye nabashayeli bazo, futhi nokuphathelene). Ngokusobala, ukukholelwa ukuthi isoftware yamahhala, iyodwa, izoxazulula zonke izinkinga zethu, kuyiphutha. Eqinisweni, sibhekene nesilo esikhulu kakhulu, njengoba sichaza kahle kulokhu esinye isihloko.

Inkinga akukhona ukuthi iLibreOffice ayikwazi ukuvula amafayela we-Word anzima kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kepha ukuthi ifomethi ye-Word iyabanikazi nokuthi imininingwane yayo igcinwa ifihliwe, okwenza ukuqaliswa kwayo nokusekelwa kwezinye izinhlelo kunalezo ze IMicrosoft uqobo noma labo iMicrosoft "ewuthengisela" umkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angasho ukuthi inkinga ikuZwi uqobo, elingavumeli ukuvula amafayela ngamafomethi wamahhala, yize iqiniso lokuthi I-International Organisation for Standardization (I-ISO) ikhethe ifomethi I-OpenDocument njengoba indinganiso yokushintshanisa umbhalo ofomethiwe. Ngendlela efanayo, singasho ukuthi inkinga akukhona ukuthi "ngesandla" sifake ukwesekwa kwe-MP3 kwamanye ama-Linux distros (okungewona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, akunjalo?) Kepha lokho okungahambi kahle ukuthi abadlali be-audio Portable awasekeli amafomethi wamahhala (i-ogg, i-flac, njll.) futhi akuphoqe ukuthi usebenzise i-MP3.

Okuthile okufanayo kwenzeka nabashayeli: iqiniso lokuthi iLinux isekela isamba ESIKHULU sehadiwe singenye yalezo zimangaliso okufanele sizibonge. Futhi ngithi kuyisimangaliso ngoba, kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi izinkampani ezenza i-hardware zingabadedeli abashayeli bazo kanye ne-hardware, ukuthuthukiswa kwamashayeli wamahhala weLinux kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi; Kucishe kufane nokukhuluma nesiShayina ngaphandle kokuba nesichazamazwi sesiShayina-iSpanishi nesiShayina. Kakade usebenzisa isichazamazwi kuba nzima ... cabanga ukungakwazi ukusifinyelela. Ngokusobala, kuthatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu aqale ingxoxo ebumbene. Nakanjani, labo abasebenzisa abashayeli abavaliwe bazokwenza kangcono (okungenani ekuqaleni) kuze kube yilapho labo abakha abashayeli bamahhala beqonda ukuthi leyo hardware isebenza kanjani. Kuyinqubo ende ye- zama nokwehluleka nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze ukuhlanekezela ubunjiniyela. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi abashayeli bamahhala baqala ukuthuthuka ngemuva ukubukeka kwehardware, ngenkathi abashayeli abavaliwe benziwa ngabakhiqizi behadiwe ngenkathi izingxenye zehadiwe ngokwazo ziyakhiwa. Okungezwe kulokhu ukuthi laba bashayeli benziwa ngabantu abafanayo abenza i-hardware, ekugcineni okuyibo abakwaziyo ukusebenza kwabo kwangaphakathi. Lezi ezimbili zinobunzima okunzima ukunqoba. Okuwukuphela "kokubuya" ukulwa ukuze abakhiqizi ngokwabo baqale ukuthuthukisa i-hardware yamahhala nabashayeli ... abanye sebevele bayakwenza.

Kodwa-ke, kunephuzu elilodwa kulokhu okushiwo nguBenjamin kuliqiniso: abantu bakhetha ikhwalithi kunamahhala. Bambalwa abangamukela into engenamsebenzi, noma ngabe ibimahhala (futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuvamile, hhayi isoftware kuphela). Kodwa-ke, ngikholelwa ukuthi inkinga isekutheni sicabanga kuphela ngekhwalithi noma ngokukhululeka kwesoftware hhayi ngenkululeko yethu. Inkululeko yethu njengabasebenzisi ihlobene kakhulu nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. Izinga lapho abasebenzisi baqala khona ukwazi okuthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi izinhlelo abazisebenzisayo zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zakhiwa kanjani, kanye nokuthi izinga lale software livuliwe futhi lilingane ngangokunokwenzeka, bobabili abasebenzisi njenge Onjiniyela abakha leyo software.

Isoftware esezingeni eliphakeme nayo ingaba "embi"

Umqondo wokuthi sifuna isoftware ibe namandla futhi ithembeke uvela ekucabangeni ukuthi isoftware yakhelwe ukukhonza abasebenzisi bayo. Uma inamandla futhi inokwethenjelwa, lokho kusho ukuthi ibakhonza kangcono.

Kepha ungasho kuphela ukuthi isoftware isebenzela abasebenzisi bayo uma ihlonipha inkululeko yabo. Kuthiwani uma isoftware yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa abasebenzisi bayo? Ngakho-ke amandla asho nje ukuthi amaketanga anciphisa kakhulu, futhi ukuthembeka kusho ukuthi kunzima ukuwasusa. Ukusebenza okunobungozi njengokuhlola abasebenzisi, ukukhawulela abasebenzisi, ukusebenzisa iminyango engemuva, nokuvuselelwa okuphoqelelwe kuvamile kusoftware yokuphathelene. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe zingaba izingcezu ezihlukile zesoftware, kepha ziyadingeka?

Ngeminye imininingwane, funda Lesi sihloko we Isoftware Samahhala.

Ingabe ikhwalithi eyenza abasebenzisi basebenzise isoftware ethile?

UBenjamin ubonakala ekholelwa ukuthi ikhwalithi igcina iba yinto enqumayo lapho ukhetha isoftware. Lokho kungaba yiqiniso ezweni elihle, kepha hhayi kuleli.

Iqiniso ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu ABAKHETHI isoftware abayisebenzisayo, lokhu kube ngenxa yezimakethe (umshini owuthengile kuleso sitolo se-elekthronikhi osuvele ufike neWindows ifakiwe, ifayela odinga ukulivula lingafundwa kuphela nge X program, njll.) Noma ngenxa yokungazi (ubungazi ngobukhona bezinye izindlela noma, okubi nakakhulu, uyayesaba ikhompyutha yakho futhi awunakulokotha ukufaka noma ukuthinta noma yini, ingasaphathwa eyokuyifometha bese uyifaka enye i-OS, njll.). Le yimikhuba, ngeshwa, ekhuthazwa yilabo abakhiqiza isoftware ephathelene. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokubasola nokungalweli ukusabalala kuphela kepha nokwenza ngcono isoftware yamahhala (hhayi "isoftware evulekile" - bona umehluko).

Futhi namandla emfashini nasenkulumo-ze akufanele athathwe kancane. UBenjamin ngokwakhe usitshela ukuthi "sonke siyizimvu", kodwa ukhohlwa lokhu ngokwenza sengathi "ekujuleni konke konke kwehla ngekhwalithi yesoftware." Ngicabanga ukuthi "amacala ajwayelekile" yimikhiqizo ye-Apple - i-iPhone, i-iPod, i-iPad, iMac. Bakweleta ukuthandwa kwabo kakhulu ekukhangiseni okunomona, hhayi izinga layo eliphakeme.

Labo basebenzisi abanolwazi oluncane nokuqwashisa abakwaziyo ukukhetha isoftware abayisebenzisayo, bangahle bawele kwenye inkinga ebalulekile: kufanele bakhokhe amanani aphezulu kakhulu noma, kungakaze kushiwo kangcono, izibalo ezikhethekile zokuyithola. Icala elijwayelekile: I-Microsoft Office. Impela, uBenjamin usikhumbuza ukuthi ubugebengu bokuphanga kuyinto evumelekile futhi ethandwa kakhulu kulezi zimo. Kodwa-ke, kude 'nokugadla' ngabodwa, i- ukudunwa kubazuzisa. Ngokwazi isoftware, ubugebengu busiza kuphela ukusabalalisa amagciwane kanye ne-malware, kanye nezenzo eziyiphutha nezingekho emthethweni, okuthi, kude nokwakha indawo evumayo yokuthuthuka kwesoftware, kuyilimaze.

Lokhu akukhona ngenxa yezizathu ezaphikiswa uBill Gates encwadini yakhe edumile (uma ukhokhela imoto oyisebenzisayo, kungani ungakhokhi nesoftware) kodwa ngoba sizithola sikule "Internet age", lapho kuba lula khona ukuthumela imininingwane nokwabelana ngayo nabanye, imikhuba enjalo yokuvimbela (njengokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware ephathelene) ayisenzi mqondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe- software freeKanye nayo yonke inhlangano yamasiko yamahhala (i-Wikipedia ifakiwe), bekungaba khona kuphela ngenxa ye-Intanethi ngoba ibisuselwa kumazinga wamahhala. Okudingwa yilezi zinkampani ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza ibhizinisi ngokwakha isoftware yamahhala (i-Android iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu) nokuthi ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-Intanethi kukwenza kube nzima ngokwengeziwe ukugcina imikhuba ehambisana nesoftware ephathelene (kungaba ngenxa yokuphanga, ukuvela kwezinye izindlela zamahhala, ukukhululeka okukhulu kokuhambisa amakhophi, ukungakwazi ukulawula bonke abasebenzisi nokubeka unswinyo, njll.).

Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa isoftware yamahhala akuyona nje umbuzo wekhwalithi kepha wenkululeko. Okusengcupheni akuyona indlela yokuba nezinto zokubhala ezingakholeki, ezikhangayo emehlweni, kodwa inkululeko yakho. Lapho kukhona inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yesoftware yamahhala ngaphezu kwesoftware ephathelene, ngale kwalokho izinzuzo zayo "zobuchwepheshe" (nayo enazo). Ukuthi umsebenzisi wokugcina akanandaba nenkululeko yakhe? Impi yethu ukumenza anakekele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bemikhiqizo yakwa-Apple, abathanda "ubuhle" kanye "nobulula" bemikhiqizo yabo futhi "abazizwa kahle" ukuba "babe yingxenye yeklabhu" yaseManzanita, futhi ibanikeza ngokuzimela emabhola konke imikhawulo nemikhawulo ebekiwe kubo ... uhlobo "lwesandla esingabonakali" esibathobela ekuthandweni yi-Apple.

Ihambisana nomsebenzisi wokugcina

Umzamo kaBenjamin uvumelekile: ufuna ukuzifaka ezicathulweni zabasebenzisi bokugcina futhi acabange ukuthi kungani bekhetha isoftware, ngokungafani nabathuthukisi. Ngokwenza njalo, uphetha ngokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina abanikeli ukuthi isoftware "ikhululekile" kanjani, okungukuthi, abanendaba nendlela isoftware eyakhiwe ngayo kodwa ukuthi yinhle kangakanani.

Inhloso isebenza ngoba, ekugcineni, kunabasebenzisi abaningi kunonjiniyela. Inkinga ukuthi, njengoba sibonile, umsebenzisi wokugcina akaze anqume ukuthi iyiphi isoftware azoyisebenzisa futhi, ezimeni eziningi, ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani noma nini (amalayisense anciphisa isoftware ukusetshenziswa komuntu kuphela, ngokwesibonelo). Kodwa-ke, uBenjamin uqinisile lapho ethi abasebenzisi abaningi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngomkhiqizo uqobo kunokuthi wenziwa kanjani. Eqinisweni, lokhu singakudlulisela kwezinye izindawo: abathengi "abazibulala" ngokuba nejezi laseKosiuko elisefashinini abacabangi abokufika abangekho emthethweni abakwenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezomuntu. Ngokwako, leyo yinto okuthi, noma kungaba umthetho, kumele ibikwe futhi izanywe ukuyiguqula. Leso yisinqumo sokuziphatha esidlula imikhawulo yesoftware; kuyisinqumo ngomhlaba ofuna ukuhlala kuwo nokuthi ungawakha kanjani. Ukuvika lowombuzo wukuba nesandla noma ukungazi.

Ucabangani? Sishiyele umbono wakho bese ujoyina impikiswano. Uma uyithandile le ndatshana, ungakhohlwa ukuyaba. Ngisakaze izwi ukuze sonke sisebenzise iLinux.