El ls umyalo Ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho sisebenza kukhonsoli, siyaqaphela ukuthi asikunikeli noma iyiphi indatshana kulo myalo omuhle kubhulogi, ngakho-ke siletha okokufundisa kwe ungashintsha kanjani imibala yomyalo we-ls. Ngendlela efanayo, sizonikeza incazelo emfushane ngalo myalo nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Sizoncika olwazini olusemthethweni nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala kuwebhu ngenhloso efanayo, ngakho-ke le ndatshana izoba ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifakazelwe nezisebenza ezenziwa ngabantu abahlukahlukene.
Uyini umyalo we-ls?
Ukucaphuna iWikipedia:
«ls (ngesiNgisi list, okuhunyushelwa kwayo uhlu, uhlu noma uhlu) kungumyalo we-Linux nezisetshenziswa ezibonisa uhlu lwamafayela nezikhombisi kuhla lwemibhalo oluthile. Imiphumela ibhalwe ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi.
Amafayela nezinkomba ezigama lazo liqala ngo- . (period) ayiboniswa nemiyalo ls, yingakho avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amafayela afihliwe." Inketho -a de ls Ivimbela lokhu kuziphatha, futhi ikhombisa wonke amafayela nama-subdirectories, ngisho nalawo aqala ngesikhathi.
ls ingenye yamathuluzi ayisisekelo kakhulu wezinhlelo zokusebenza Unix, ngakho-ke kuyingxenye yephakheji I-GNU Coreutils.»
Imibala ezenzakalelayo emiphumeleni yomyalo we-ls
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umbala ngamunye owuphonsa lapho senza umyalo we-ls unencazelo, ngoba kuyindlela yokuhlukanisa amafayela ngokwezici zawo.
- oluhlaza: Amafayili asebenzayo.
- Negro: Ifayela elijwayelekile.
- Azul: Izincwajana noma amafolda.
- Celeste: Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso.
- I-Rojo: Amafayela acindezelwe (.tar, .gz, .zip, .rpm).
- Magenta: Amafayela wesithombe (.jpg, gif, bmp, png, tif)
Ungayishintsha kanjani imibala yomyalo we-ls
Inketho 1: Ukuguqula i-.bashrc yethu
Ukuze imiphumela yomyalo we-ls ibe yombala ngaphandle kokuzenzakalelayo, kufanele siguqule ifayela lethu le-.bashrc, ngoba lokhu kufanele senze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Hlela ifayela lethu le-.bashrc kusuka esigungwini
nano $HOME/.bashrc
Faka okulandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela:
export PS1="\[$(tput setaf 1)\]\u@\h:\w $ \[$(tput sgr0)\]"
Faka ifayili bese ulijabulela.
source ~/.bashrc
Ungahlela ukuthekelisa usebenzisa izilungiselelo ezilandelayo.
Uhlu lwezinketho:
- tput bold - bold
- tput rev - imibala eguquliwe
- tput sgr0 - Setha kabusha konke
- i-tput setaf {CODE} - Setha umbala ongaphambili, bona umbala {CODE}
IKHODI LEMibala:
Color {code} Color
0 Black
1 Red
2 Green
3 Yellow
4 Blue
5 Magenta
6 Cyan
7 White
Inketho 2: Enye indlela yokuguqula i-.bashrc yethu
Njengoba senzile esinyathelweni esedlule kufanele siguqule ifayela lethu le-.bashrc, ngoba lokhu kufanele senze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Hlela ifayela lethu le-.bashrc kusuka esigungwini
nano $HOME/.bashrc
Faka okulandelayo ekugcineni kwefayela:
alias ls='ls --color LS_COLORS='di=1:fi=0:ln=31:pi=5:so=5:bd=5:cd=5:or=31:mi=0:ex=35:*.rpm=90' export LS_COLORS
Ulayini wokuqala wenza ls sebenzisa ipharamitha -Umbala ngokuzenzakalela, okushoyo ls lokho kukhombisa imiphumela yayo ngokuya ngesimo sokuguquguquka.
Ulayini wesibili umele umbala ofuna ukuwunikeza kumafayili ahlukahlukene we-linux, amelwe yinkomba elandelayo:
di = isiqondisi
fi = ifayela
ln = isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso
pi = Ifayela le-FIFO
so = ifayela lesokhethi
bd = block (i-buffer) yamafayela akhethekile
cd = uhlamvu (olungavuliwe) kusuka kumafayela akhethekile
or = isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso esikhomba kufayela elingekho (intandane)
mi = ifayela elingekho elikhonjiswe ngesixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso (kubonakala lapho uthayipha ls -l)
ex = ifayela elisebenzisekayo
Imibala ehambisana nohlobo ngalunye lwefayela imelwe yizinombolo, ukwazi ukuguqulwa kombala ngamunye ungabona ithebula elilandelayo:
0 = umbala ozenzakalelayo
1 = isibindi
4 = kudwetshelwe
5 = umbhalo okhanyayo
7 = inkambu ebuyela emuva
31 = obomvu
32 = okuluhlaza okotshani
33 = iwolintshi
34 = okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
35 = nsomi
36 = i-magenta
37 = mpunga
40 = ingemuva elimnyama
41 = ingemuva elibomvu
42 = ingemuva eliluhlaza
43 = ingemuva eliwolintshi
44 = ingemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
45 = ingemuva onsomi
46 = isizinda se-cyan
47 = ingemuva elimpunga
90 = mpunga omnyama
91 = irobhothi elibomvu
92 = ukukhanya okuluhlaza
93 = ophuzi
94 = ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
95 = ukukhanya kwe-violet
96 = oluluhlaza okotshani
100 = ingemuva elimpunga
101 = ingemuva elibomvu
102 = ingemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
103 = ingemuva eliphuzi
104 = ingemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
105 = ilambu elimbala onsomi
Isizinda se-turquoise 106
Inketho 3: Usebenzisa i-LS_COLORS
Enye indlela yokushintsha imibala ukusebenzisa i-LS_COLORS, iqoqo lemibala esivumela ukuthi sinikeze imibala kokukhishwa komyalo we-ls. Ukuyisebenzisa, vele ufake i-terminal bese wenza imiyalo elandelayo:
wget https://raw.github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS/master/LS_COLORS -O $HOME/.dircolors
echo 'eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)' >> $HOME/.bashrc
. $HOME/.bashrc
Ngalezi zinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze shintsha imibala yomyalo we-ls, ungalungiselela ukunikezwa kokukhishwa kwalo myalo omkhulu ngendlela oyithandayo.
Ngemininingwane evela ku- ukugeleza okukhulu y i-linux-sxs
Njengoba ucaphuna iWikipedia ishiye ingashintshiwe.
I- "Ls" umyalo we-UNIX nezisuselwa kokunye, hhayi umyalo we-Linux kanye ne-derivatives.
Akuyona yonke into eqanjwe ngeLinux nesoftware yamahhala.