Emhlabeni we-Linux singathola inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza, zombili ezisetshenziswa okuvamile, isibonelo izidlali zomculo, abahleli bezithombe, phakathi kokunye, kuzo zonke izimiso zemvelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikelwe ezindaweni ezihlukene (ezempilo, imfundo, ucwaningo, njll.).
Ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi konke kuzwakala kukuhle, kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngakolunye uhlangothi lohlamvu lwemali, okuyindawo lapho onjiniyela bengena khona, awufuni ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza noma intuthuko iqondise ingxenyekazi eyodwa kuphela noma isistimu lapho ufuna ukufinyelela khona. inani elikhulu labasebenzisi.
Kulokhu sizohlaziya I-SwiftUI ne-UIKit, okuyizinhlaka ezimbili ezithandwa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kumapulatifomu e-Applfuthi. Nakuba lezi zinhlaka zadalwa i-Apple, ngayinye iqondiswe ohlotsheni lwentuthuko futhi yingakho kudingekile ukwazi kahle izici, izinzuzo kanye nobubi bomuntu ngamunye ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Iyini i-UIKit?
Uma ukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-iOS, i-UIKit iyikhadi lokuqala etafuleni okufanele licatshangelwe, njengoba seliyindinganiso isikhathi eside, elibeke lolu hlaka njengenye esetshenziswa kakhulu abathuthukisi be-iOS.
I-UIKit ibikhona kusukela enguqulweni yokuqala ye-iOS futhi isuselwe endleleni ebalulekile (lapho umthuthukisi kufanele acacise isinyathelo ngasinye sokwakha nokulungisa isixhumi esibonakalayo), usebenzisa iphethini yokuklama ye-Model-View-Controller (MVC), enikeza onjiniyela okwengeziwe. ukulawula okuyimbudumbudu phezu kwazo zonke izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo.
Izinzuzo ze-UIKit
- Ukuvuthwa kanye ne-trajectory: Njengoba sekushiwo, i-UIKit ibilokhu ikhona kusukela enguqulweni yokuqala ye-iOS futhi kusukela lapho isithuthuke yaze yafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu lokuvuthwa, nokusebenza okuqinile futhi kwafakazelwa njengesixazululo esikahle sokusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokuyinkimbinkimbi nokuphezulu- ukusebenza kwesivinini.
- Ukusekelwa: Uma kubhekwa ubude besikhathi be-UIKit, lolu hlaka lunemibhalo ebanzi kanye nomphakathi osebenzayo osekela ukusetshenziswa kwalo, olunikeza izixazululo cishe zanoma iyiphi inkinga engase ivele ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.
- Ukuhambisana: Uma kuziwa ekusebenzisaneni, i-UIKit iyahambisana nazo zonke izinguqulo ze-iOS, iyenza ibe ifaneleka uma usebenzisana namadivayisi amadala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Apple inikeza ukusebenziseka kwe-UIKit ngenguqulo entsha ngayinye ye-iOS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UIKit ingasebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinhlaka ze-Apple, kanye nezingxenye nemitapo yolwazi ehlanganisa imisebenzi eyahlukene.
- Lawula: I-UIKit inemininingwane eminingi, inika onjiniyela ukulawula okuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo, futhi ilungele ukwenza ngokwezifiso okuyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuphatha ukugqwayiza okuthuthukile.
Ukungalungi kwe-UIKit
- Umsebenzi omkhulu: Njengoba i-UIKit ivumela ukulawula okwengeziwe, lokhu kuholela ekudingekeni kwekhodi ye-boilerplate eyengeziwe (ikhodi edingekayo) ukuze kuzuzwe isakhiwo nokuziphatha okufunayo emisebenzini. Lokhu, futhi, kuhumusha ekwenyukeni kobunzima ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wekhodi futhi uma kuziwa kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, lokhu kungenza iphrojekthi ibe nzima kakhulu ukuyigcina futhi iguquke, okusiholela kububi obulandelayo.
- Ubunkimbinkimbi: Ukuba uhlaka olusekelwe endleleni edingekayo, lokhu kungenza ikhodi ibe nzima kakhulu ukuyilandela ngokuvela nokukhula kwephrojekthi, okungahumusheka ezindlekweni eziphezulu zezinsiza.
- Ijika lokufunda: Enye inkinga enkulu ngesimo esibalulekile se-UIKit ukuthi idinga ukuqonda okujulile kokugeleza kwesicelo, njengoba zonke izigaba kufanele zichazwe futhi abathuthukisi kufanele balandele uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezinemininingwane yokwakha isixhumi esibonakalayo, okungaba inselele kakhulu ukukwazi futhi lokhu. kunjiniyela we-novice, kungaba yiphupho labo elibi kakhulu.
Iyini i-SwiftUI?
I-SwiftUI yakhelwe ukwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenzelana, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza ngokunikeza ukubuka kuqala kwesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babone izinguquko ngokushesha ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlanganisa noma ukuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi okushesha kakhulu nokusebenza kahle.
Ngokungafani ne-UIKit, i-SwiftUI iwuhlaka lwakamuva, olwethulwa yi-Apple ngo-2019, olubonakala ngokugxila ku-syntax ememezelayo, lapho abathuthukisi bechaza khona lokho abafuna ukukwenza uhlelo futhi uhlelo luphethe imininingwane yokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukukufeza. Lokhu kuphambene ne-UIKit, edinga ukuthi onjiniyela bacacise ngokusobala ukuthi isenzo ngasinye noma inqubo kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kufanele sisetshenziswe kanjani.
Izinzuzo ze-SwiftUI
- I-syntax echazayo: Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezinzuzo ezinhle ze-SwiftUI ukuthi kulula ukuthi abathuthukisi be-novice bakuqonde ngokugxila ekutheni ufuna isixhumi esibonakalayo sibukeke kanjani hhayi ukuthi senziwe kanjani. Lokhu kunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yekhodi futhi kuthuthukisa ukufundeka, okwenza ikhodi iqondeke futhi ilandelwe kalula.
- Ukubuka kuqala kwesikhathi sangempela: uma kubhekwa umklamo wayo, i-SwiftUI ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi babone izinguquko ezenziwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo, okusiza kakhulu umsebenzi wabo kokubili ekwakhiweni, ukubuka uhlelo lokusebenza kumapulatifomu ahlukahlukene nezindlela, ngaphezu kwalokhu okuholela ekongeni isikhathi esihle.
- Ikhodi encane: Ngenxa ye-syntax yayo ememezelayo, inani lekhodi elidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe okusetshenziswa kubonwa lincishiswa kakhulu ngemigqa embalwa nokwenza lula inqubo yokwenza izinguquko noma ukwengeza izici ezintsha.
- Ukuhlanganisa nokuhambisana: I-SwiftUI inika amandla intuthuko esheshayo, elula, futhi evumelana nezimo ngokwenza lula ukusebenzisana namadivayisi amaningi we-Apple (i-iOS, i-macOS, i-watchOS, ne-tvOS) ngokuzivumelanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo nosayizi besikrini abahlukene nokuma kwedivayisi. Iphinde ibe nokuhlanganiswa okulula nolimi lwe-Swift futhi ngokungafani ne-UIKit, inokusekelwa kwemodi emnyama, ukufinyeleleka nokwenza kwasendaweni.
Ukungalungi kwe-SwiftUI
- Ukuhambisana: Njengoba sesishilo, i-SwiftUI isencane futhi le mininingwane emincane iyenza ibe yinkinga enkulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-SwiftUI idinga i-iOS 13 noma eyakamuva, ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumadivayisi amasha.
- Izinsiza nokusekelwa okuncane: Okunye okubi okuvela ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane i-SwiftUI enaso ukuthi izinsiza ezitholakalayo, kanye nolwazi, okokufundisa kanye nemitapo yolwazi yezinkampani zangaphandle etholakalayo kulinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okungatholakala ku-UIKit.
- Ukulawula okuncane: Njengoba ku-SwiftUI umthuthukisi kungadingeki ukuthi angenelele ngokujulile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-UIKit (lapho kunokulawula okukhulu), lokhu kuba yinkinga lapho ubhekene nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi namasethi amakhulu edatha, ngaphezu kokunqunyelwe mayelana nezici zokusetshenziswa kubonwa. kanye nama-animation athuthukile.
Isetshenziswa nini i-UIKit?
Ngokuqhathanisa i-SwiftUI ne-UIKit, singathola umbono walapho kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngayinye. Futhi endabeni ye I-UIKit eqine kakhulu, izohlala ifaneleka kangcono ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye/noma okuncike kakhulu kumalabhulali nezinhlaka zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye namaphrojekthi amafa ane-UIKit codebase ekhona noma edinga ukuhambisana nezinguqulo ezindala ze-iOS.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukugcizelela lokho I-UIKit ilinganiselwe ku-iOS, okusho ukuthi ayihambisani namanye amadivaysi e-Apple.
Isetshenziswa nini i-SwiftUI?
¿Estás buscando indlela yokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-swiftui? Ngaphambi kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi lesi sixazululo sinconywe kakhulu noma cha ngecala lakho elithile. Endabeni ye-SwiftUI, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyanconywa uma kuqondiswe kumadivayisi amaningi e-Apple, kanye nezinguqulo zakamuva ze-iOS (13 nangaphezulu). Elinye iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe i-SwiftUI yilapho kudingeka ukuba kube lula kakhulu kuphrojekthi, kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenzelana komsebenzisi nokugqwayiza kwesimanje.
In pocas palabras, I-SwiftUI uyikhandidethi eliphelele uma kukhulunywa ngalo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula nesimanje eziqondise kumadivayisi ahlukene akwa-Apple, kanye ne-SwiftUI inikeza izinsiza eziningi ezibonakalayo kune-UIKit.
Isiphetho
Nakuba i-SwiftUI ihlose ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje futhi i-UIKit ingeyokudala enokwethenjelwa, ukukhetha eyodwa noma enye kuncike kakhulu ekuchazeni nasekwazini izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi ngayinye, kanye nokuthandwa ngunjiniyela.
Futhi nakuba uhlaka ngalunye lunobuhle nobubi balo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi kokubili kungasetshenziswa ukusizakala ngezinzuzo zalowo nalowo wabo, ngoba angakwazi ukuhlanganiswa ukuze enze izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqinile ngemiklamo yesimanje, enokulawula okukhulu futhi. ukwenza ngokwezifiso.