Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yentuthuko, inguqulo entsha ezinzile yeDebian 10 ekugcineni yakhishwa. (Buster), okuyi Itholakala ngokwakhiwa okuyishumi: I-Intel IA-32 / x86 (i686), i-AMD64 / x86-64, i-ARM EABI (i-Armel), i-ARM engu-64-bit (i-arm64), i-ARMv7 (i-armhf), i-MIPS (i-mips, i-mipsel, i-mips64el), i-PowerPC 64 (i-ppc64el) e Uhlelo lwe-IBM z (s390x).
Indawo yokugcina iqukethe amaphakheji kanambambili angama-57703, acishe abe yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ngaphezulu kokuphakanyisiwe ku-Debian 6. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Debian 9, amaphakheji kanambambili amasha we-Debian 13,370 afakiwe, ama-7,278 (13%) asephelelwe yisikhathi noma alahliwe asusiwe, amaphakheji angama-35,532 (62%) avuselelwa.
Okwamaphakeji angama-91,5%, ukuxhaswa kunikezwa imihlangano ephindaphindwayo, evumela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifayili elisebenzisekayo lihlanganiswe lisuka kukhodi yomthombo esunguliwe futhi alinazo izinguquko ezingaphandle, okunye okungenziwa ngokuhlasela ingqalasizinda ukuhlanganiswa noma amabhukumaka ku-compiler.
Izici ezintsha ze-Debian 10 Main
Kule nguqulo entsha yokusabalalisa Kugqame ngoba kuzosekelwa iminyaka engu-5 yokuvuselelwa, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ideskithophu yeGnome ihunyushwa ngokuzenzakalela ukusebenzisa iWayland futhi iseshini esekwe ku-X iseva inikezwa njengenketho (i-X server isafakiwe enanini lamaphakeji afakiwe kwiphakeji lesisekelo).
Futhi ukusekelwa kwe-UEFI Secure Boot sekuqalisiwe, osetshenziselwa ukusebenza komlayishi wedge, okuqinisekiswe yisiginesha yedijithali yeMicrosoft (esayinwe nge-shim), kanye nesitifiketi se-kernel kanye ne-grub loader (i-grub-efi-amd64-sign) nesitifiketi sayo sephrojekthi ( I-shim isebenza njengolwelwesi oluphakathi lokusetshenziswa ngokusabalalisa okhiye bakho).
Amaphakeji asayiniwe we-shim ne-grub-efi-ARCH afakiwe kokuncika kokwakhiwa kwe-amd64, i386, ne-arm64. I-Loader ne-grub, eqinisekiswe isitifiketi esisebenzayo, ifakiwe ezithombeni ze-EFI zika-amd64, i386 ne-arm64.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi ekusatshalalisweni kunikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalela, uhlelo lokulawulwa kokufinyelela oluyimpoqo lwe-AppArmor, ekuvumela ukuthi ulawule izimvume zezinqubo ngokuchaza uhlu lwamafayela ngezimvume ezifanele (funda, bhala, ukwabiwa kwememori bese uqala, setha ukukhiya kufayela, njll.) kohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye, kanye nasekulawuleni ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi (ngokwesibonelo, ukwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ICMP) nokuphatha amandla we-POSIX.
Ku-cryptsetup, kwenziwa ushintsho kufomethi yokubethela yediski ye-LUKS2 (esetshenziswe ngaphambilini yi-LUKS1). I-LUKS2 ifaka uhlelo lokuphatha ukhiye olwenziwe lula, ikhono lokusebenzisa imikhakha emikhulu (4096 esikhundleni sika-512, yehlisa umthwalo lapho isuswa ukubethela), okokuhlonza uphawu lwezimpawu (amalebula), namathuluzi wokulondoloza imethadatha anekhono lokuwabuyisela ngokuzenzakalela. yekhophi uma kwenzeka umonakalo.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthukisa, izingxenye esezikhona ze-LUKS1 zizoguqulwa ngokuzenzakalela ziye kufomethi ehambelana ne-LUKS2, kepha ngenxa yemikhawulo kasayizi kanhlokweni, akuzona zonke izici ezintsha ezizotholakala kubo.
Ezindaweni ezibukhoma, isifakeli esizimele se-Calamares modular saqala ukusetshenziswa nge-interface esekwe ku-Qt, esetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukufakwa kwe-neon Manjaro, Sabayon, Chakra, NetRunner, KaOS, OpenMandriva ne-KDE. Ngokufakwa okujwayelekile, isifaki se-Debian sisasetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho obekutholakala phambilini, indawo ebukhoma yadalwa nge-LXQt desktop kanye nemvelo ebukhoma ngaphandle kwesibonisi sokuqhafaza, kuphela ngezinsizakusebenza zekhonsoli ezakha isisekelo sohlelo.
Imvelo Ebukhoma yekhonsoli ingasetshenziselwa ukufaka iphakethe lokusabalalisa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba, ngokungafani nezithombe zokufaka zendabuko, umkhombandlela osikiwe usukopishwa, ngaphandle kokuveza amaphakheji ngamanye kusetshenziswa i-dpkg.
Isifaki sengeze ikhono lokusebenzisa ama-consoles amaningi ngasikhathi sinye kunqubo yokufaka. Ukuxhaswa kweReiserFS kususiwe.
Ngokuqondene nesoftware ebuyekeziwe, singathola isitaki sokuqhafaza nezindawo zomsebenzisi: IGnome 3.30, i-KDE Plasma 5.14, iCinnamon 3.8, i-LXDE 0.99.2, i-LXQt 0.14, i-MATE 1.20 ne-Xfce 4.12. Iphakheji ye-Office LibreOffice ibuyekezelwe kunguqulo 6.1 ne-Calligra enguqulweni 3.1. Kubuyekezwe i-Evolution 3.30, GIMP 2.10.8, Inkscape 0.92.4, Vim 8.1
Ukusatshalaliswa kufaka umhlanganisi wolimi lweRust (olunikezwe yiRustc 1.34). Kubuyekezwe i-GCC 8.3, LLVM / Clang 7.0.1, i-OpenJDK 11, i-Perl 5.28, i-PHP 7.3, i-Python 3.7.2.
Sanibonani nonke.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule ngiphawule kokuthunyelwe ngamaphutha nezingqinamba iLinux enazo maqondana nehardware.
Ngiwumsebenzisi weLinux nsuku zonke (kimi uLubuntu x64) wehhovisi ezishintshayo, uhlelo lwewebhu kanye (ngokuzayo) ukuhlelwa kwesithombe nevidiyo ngeGimp, Kdenlive noma i-Olive,
Ngingathanda ukwenza isicelo: njengoba i-Apple isekela uhlelo lwayo kwi-hardware ethile, kuzoba usizo olukhulu, kithina esifuna indawo yethu yokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows, ukudala okuthunyelwe mayelana namaprosesa, amabhodi, inqama, i-hdd nemithombo ezwana kangcono noma lokho kunikeza iziqinisekiso zokusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukunikeza izibonelo: ama-mikes amahle kakhulu yi-i3 / i5 ka-6 gen noma i-amd ax; amamodeli amahle kakhulu we-asus noma we-gigabyte a, b noma c. Izinkumbulo a, b, c kusuka ku-8 gb ... njll.
Ngibona okokufundisa ku-youtube nge-linux ukuthi amakhompyutha abo anamanzi kakhulu, noma ehlela ividiyo. Kungakho isicelo sami, sokuba nombono uma sifuna ukwakha owethu umshini.
Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba wusizo olukhulu emphakathini uma sifuna ukunikeza iLinux i-push ecacile noma kungafanele sithuke njalo ngo-2 ngo-3 lapho iWindows yethu ethandekayo yenza "ngobungane" ihambisa i-priori yesoftware yamahhala kepha inezinhloso ze- "Machiavellian" a priori ukukudla konke.
Ukubingelela nokubonga kuwo wonke umuntu.
Okucelayo kubizwa ngokuthi isitifiketi. Izinkampani ezinjengeSuSE neRedHat zinohlelo lwazo lokuqinisekisa izitifiketi kanti uDell unikeza Ubuntu obuqinisekisiwe ngehardware yabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlu eziningi zokuhambisana kwehardware (HCLs) ezivela ekusatshalalisweni noma kubathengisi, ukubala ezimbalwa: linux-drivers.org.
Ezitolo, imingcele eminingi inephengwini ebhokisini labo iminyaka eyishumi.
A ukubingelela.