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Enye yezinyathelo ezinhle okufanele zenziwe ukulamula phakathi abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluncane futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kuvamise ukuba kube izilungiselelo ze-BIOS. paso elula kepha okubucayi y kunesidingo ukuze zama e faka noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa Linux. |
Ukuphawula okujwayelekile
Lapho nje i-live-cd noma i-live-usb ye-distro oyikhonzile isidaliwe, kusala kuphela ukulungisa i-BIOS ukuze amabhuzu wohlelo avela kudrayivu ehambisanayo.
Njengencazelo emfushane, ake sithi lapho uqala ikhompyutha, into yokuqala elayishiwe yi-BIOS (Basic Input / Output System), inhloso yayo enkulu ukwenza imizila eqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwehardware futhi kamuva ilayishe ukusebenza uhlelo. Ngamanye amagama, yileso sikrini osibonayo ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luqale ukulayisha (kungaba yiWindows noma enye enye).
Okufanele sikwenze ukuvivinya kanye / noma ukufaka iLinux ukufaka isikrini sokumiswa kwe-BIOS bese siyitshela ukuthi esikhundleni sokuqala isistimu yokusebenza efakwe kwi-hard disk, qala leyo eku-cd yethu ebukhoma noma ku-live-usb , njengoba kungaba njalo.
Ungasifaka kanjani isikrini sokusetha se-BIOS
Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yendawo yonke yokufeza lo msebenzi njengoba imodeli ngayinye yebhodi lomama iza ne-BIOS ethile futhi bekungeke kwenzeke ukubhala lonke uhla oluphelele lwabaphathi bokumiswa. Kodwa-ke, uma sizivumela ukuthi sithathwe umuzwa, inqubo ilula impela.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, lapho uxhuma okokusebenza futhi ngokushesha nje lapho imiyalezo yokuqala iqala ukuvela, ungacindezela inkinobho ethi «Misa isikhashana» ukumisa inqubo yokuqalisa bese ubona okuvela esibukweni kalula. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngoba imilayezo eshiwo iyabonakala kuphela imizuzwana embalwa.
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukumisa inqubo yokuqalisa, vele ubheke ngokucophelela esikrinini sokuqala. Ngezansi kwalesi sikrini kuvame ukuba nomugqa ofana nalona: «Cindezela u-F2 ukufaka ISETUP». Vele, ukhiye ungaba yimuphi omunye. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi: [DEL] noma [Del], [Faka], [Esc], [F2], [F1], [F10] noma yimuphi omunye ukhiye wokusebenza.
Amanye ama-BIOSes amasha futhi akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe idivaysi yokuqalisa usebenzisa omunye ukhiye, ngaphandle kokufinyelela ekhasini lokusetha le-BIOS. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imvamisa kuvame ukuguqula lezi zilungiselelo futhi ngoba lokhu kuvimbela umsebenzisi ekwenzeni okunye ukuguqulwa ngephutha. Uma i-BIOS inale "sinqamuleli", vele usebenzise imicibisholo yekhibhodi bese ukhetha idivaysi ye-boot ehambisanayo.
Lesi "sinqamuleli", noma kunjalo, sisebenza ekuqaleni okungu-1 kuphela; ngokuzayo lapho uhlelo lokusebenza olufakwe kwi-hard disk luzoqala khona. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza kabusha, ukwenza ushintsho "unomphela", noma uma i-BIOS ingenayo "isinqamuleli" esishiwo ngenhla, kufanele ucindezele ukhiye ohambisanayo ukufaka isikrini sokumiswa kwe-BIOS, esingaba nesici esihluke ngokuphelele eyodwa ekhonjiswe lapha, kepha enezici ezifanayo nezinzuzo.
Lungiselela i-boot drive
Yilapho kuphela esinganikeza khona imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile, ngoba isikrini sokusetha se-BIOS siyehluka kuye ngebhodi. Kodwa-ke, ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile, kufanele uthole ithebhu efana ne- «Boot» noma okufakwayo okubizwa nge- «Ukulandelana kwe-Boot» noma i- «Okubalulekile kweBoot» ngaphakathi kwethebhu ethe xaxa «ejwayelekile» yesitayela se- «Advanced BIOS»
Kuleli qophelo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kulapho i- ukulandelana ebhuthini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sizokwakha uchungechunge lwezinto eziza kuqala: okokuqala, ukuthi izama ukuqala ku-cd noma ku-usb (kuya ngokuthi sifuna ukuhlola kanjani i-distro yethu); uma lokho kwehluleka, kuzame ukuqala ebhuthini ohlelweni lokusebenza olufakwe kwi-hard drive njalonjalo.
Indlela yokukhetha amathebhu noma ukushintsha amasethingi ihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyindaba yokusebenzisa imicibisholo, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele usebenzise okhiye be-PgUp ne-PgDn, njll. Noma kunjalo, kukholamu engakwesokudla uzohlala uthola itafula elichazayo elibonisa izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe. Ngezansi, ingxenye yayo, kuvela okhiye bokucindezela ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile kakhulu. Ulwazi oluyingqayizivele lwesiNgisi lwanele ukuqonda okufanele ukwenze.
Okokugcina, gcina izinguquko zakho bese uphuma ohlelweni lokusetha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ucindezele ukhiye ohambisanayo (esimweni sesithombe-skrini esedlule, F10).
I-BIOS endala
Amanye ama-BIOS amadala awafiki nokusekelwa kokubhutha kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB. Uma kunjalo, inketho enhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-CD ebukhoma ukuhlola i-Linux distro oyithandayo. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuphoqa i-boot kusuka ku-USB (ngaphandle kokuxhaswa kwe-BIOS okuhambisanayo kwalokhu) usebenzisa I-PLOP Boot Manager.
Okunye, ama-BIOS amadala awafaki ngisho nokusekelwa kokubhutha kusuka kudrayivu ye-CD-ROM. Uma kunjalo, enye indlela engokwemvelo kungaba ukusebenzisa ama-boot floppies, okumbalwa kuphela I-Linux mini-distros zitholakale. Ngenhlanhla, uma umshini unesifundi se-CD, kungenzeka ukuthi uqalise kwi-live-cd, noma ngabe i-BIOS ingawusekeli, usebenzisa Umphathi we-Smart Boot o I-PLOP Boot Manager.
I-UEFI ne-Boot Ephephile
I-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) isicaciso esifuna ukufaka esikhundleni isikhombimsebenzisi se-BIOS esidala, okwabaningi esasineminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili futhi sinesici esifanayo ne-DOS endala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifaka izici eziningi ezingeziwe, ezingayenzi inhloso yalesi sihloko, phakathi kwazo okubizwa ngokuthi "i-boot evikelekile" noma "i-boot evikelekile".
I-Secure Boot ivimbela ikhompyutha ukuthi iqale uhlelo lokusebenza uma i-boot loader ingenaso isitifiketi sedijithali esivumelekile, okuwumphumela wokuguqulwa kokuphikisana kwekhodi enonya. Ngale ndlela, noma iyiphi i-malware yohlobo lwe-bootkit ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso lokuthi iMicrosoft iphoqe abenzi ukuthi basabalalise amakhompyutha abo ngale ndlela evunyelwe ukuze bathole isitifiketi seWindows 8 esikhiqizwe kahle ukuxokozela. Ikakhulu, kuyakhathazeka ukuthi lesi sici sisebenza kuphela ngenhloso yokuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqale uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows. Kulokhu, imfuneko ingumkhawulo ongaphezulu kubasebenzisi, hhayi isici sokuphepha.
Ngokusho kweMicrosoft, kukhona "iziqinisekiso" ezimbili zokuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakhubaza bobabili i-UEFI (ngokusebenzisa ibhuthi usebenzisa "imodi ehambisanayo ye-BIOS", eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Legacy Boot") ne-Secure Boot. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugunyazwa okudingwa yi-Secure Boot yesiginesha yedijithali kukhishwa yisiphathimandla esizimele, okungesiye umenzi noma iMicrosoft.
Iqiniso ukuthi njengamanje ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux kumane kunikeza okwabo izinyathelo zokuqala ukusebenzisa imishini evunyelwe ye-UEFI ne-Secure Boot.
Esimweni sezindaba samanje, kungcono ukukhubaza i-Secure Boot ngaphambi kokufaka i-Linux. Ukusekelwa kwe-UEFI, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, yize kusenamaphutha athile. Uma kunephutha, ngeke kube nokunye ngaphandle kokukhetha i- "Legacy Boot" bese ukhubaza i-UEFI.