Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesoftware: Ukubuyekezwa komlando kuze kube namuhla

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe (SD) kube nezici ezichazayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo kuze kube namuhla. Kusukela ekuqaleni, umhlaba Wokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe wahlukaniswa kabili: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe Yamahhala Neyomthombo Ovulekile kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe Yomthombo Oyimfihlo Nevaliwe.

Futhi konke lokhu, kwabangela umjaho kuwo wonke umhlaba we-DS wokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezifanayo zesofthiwe, ekugcineni kwaholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-DS yaveza i-System Software yokuqala nesamanje (SS), kwabe sekuba yi-Programming Software (SP), kwathi ekugcineni kwaba yi-Application Software (AS). Futhi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zakamuva, nazo, zazisukela ku-Native Applications zendabuko—okungukuthi, ezingafakwa futhi eziqondile ku-Operating System (OS) ngayinye—kuya ku-Distributed Applications ezintsha ezisebenza nge-inthanethi ku-Blockchain.

Software

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kuzalwa khona ama-SS, okwakuyi-OS uqobo lwayo , futhi kwakuhlanganisa abashayeli bedivayisi, izinsiza zesistimu kanye nawo wonke lawo mathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukulawula izici zekhompyutha, okungukuthi, zonke lezo zinhlelo ezenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwezinto ze-Hardware (HW), njenge: imemori, amadiski, amachweba, amadivayisi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo, i-SP kanye ne-SA nazo zazalwa.

Amaphakheji esofthiwe (ama-SP) afaka imikhiqizo yesofthiwe esetshenziswa abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthuthukisa ezinye izinhlelo zekhompyutha besebenzisa izilimi ezahlukene zokuhlela kanye/noma izizindalwazi. Ama-SP ngokuvamile afaka abahleli bombhalo, abahlanganisi, abahumushi, abaxhumanisi, kanye nabalungisi bezinkinga. Afaka futhi Izindawo Ezihlanganisiwe Zokuthuthukiswa (ama-IDE), okuyiziphakeji zesofthiwe ezihlanganisa wonke amathuluzi adingekayo, okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, endaweni eyodwa (ngokuvamile isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, noma i-GUI) ukuze kuhlanganiswe umjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kohlelo oluphelele.

Futhi isigaba se-SA sihlanganisa isofthiwe esetshenziswa abasebenzisi (bokugcina) ukufeza umsebenzi. I-SA ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ama-office suites, isofthiwe yokuklama imidwebo noma ye-multimedia, isofthiwe yokubala noma yokuphatha, ukubala ingxenye encane nje yazo zonke izigaba zezicelo esingazithola kulesi sigaba. Ngakho-ke, i-SA, noma nje uhlelo lokusebenza, imayelana

Noma yiluphi uhlelo oluvumela umsebenzisi wokugcina ukuthi enze imisebenzi ehlukile kukhompyutha, i-laptop, ithebhulethi, iselula noma ezinye izinhlobo zemishini noma amapulatifomu ezobuchwepheshe.

Aplicaciones

Izinhlelo zokusebenza (Izinhlelo zokusebenza) ezinsukwini zokuqala zokubala zazibonakala ngesidingo esibalulekile sokufakwa ukuze zisetshenziswe, futhi kuphela ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa, oluthile, lwendabuko. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nentuthuko yesayensi yekhompyutha nobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zathuthuka, zithola izici ezifana nokuphatheka kalula, ukuhambisana kwe-cross-platform, i-modularity, kanye nokusabalala. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sinezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zendabuko zendabuko kuya kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa ezintsha.

Inicio

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu, lezo ezenzelwe ngqo uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-Software Development Kit (SDK), yizo ezadalwa kuqala. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuhlanganiswa kwazo okuphelele nemisebenzi nezici zedivayisi noma ipulatifomu, okuholela kokuhlangenwe nakho okungcono komsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukubukeka futhi zisebenze kangcono endaweni yazo yomdabu, kanye nokusebenza kahle nangokuthembekile. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukuba nezindleko zokuthuthukisa eziphezulu uma kudingeka uhlelo lokusebenza olusha lwenguqulo ngayinye yohlelo lokusebenza lomdabu.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kwavela Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Zewebhu, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-WebApps . Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwekhasi lewebhu noma iwebhusayithi ngesiphequluli se-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, zingasebenza cishe kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli se-inthanethi nakunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhompyutha, idivayisi, noma ipulatifomu. Futhi cishe konke okungenziwa ngefomethi yazo yewebhu kungenziwa ngefomethi yazo yohlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko efakwayo.

Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezihlanganisiwe zavela ngokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezimbili zangaphambilini. Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukiswe kusetshenziswa izilimi ezijwayelekile ze-WebApps, ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo kumapulatifomu ahlukene , kodwa zinekhono lezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu lokufinyelela ingxenye enkulu yezici zehadiwe zekhompyutha, idivayisi, noma ipulatifomu lapho zisebenza khona. Ngamanye amazwi, zisebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuguquguquka kokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwehadiwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu.

Izindaba

Namuhla, ama-Progressive Web Apps (ama-PWA) ayathuthukiswa. Lawa ngamakhasi ewebhu asebenzisa ama-Service Workers kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, enza njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu futhi angafani nezezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu. Ngenkathi ama-Service Workers kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe busebenza ngemuva, uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo lusebenza ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli sewebhu.

Okokugcina, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje bezilokhu zithuthela kufomethi ye-Distributed Applications, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Decentralized Applications (DApps). Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ezisebenzisa ipulatifomu ye-blockchain ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzisane ngqo futhi benze ukuthengiselana (izivumelwano) ngaphandle kokulamula kwenhlangano ephakathi ephethe isevisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ku-DApp, umsebenzisi ngamunye uyi-node kunethiwekhi ehlukaniswe ngokwezigaba lapho wonke ama-node esebenza ndawonye njengommeli womhlaba wonke wanoma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okwenziwe epulatifomu.

Isiphetho

Umhlaba wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ocwiliswe enhliziyweni yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, uhlala ushintsha futhi uthuthuka. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kusofthiwe efakekayo (izinhlelo zokusebenza zomdabu), kwavela ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza (iwebhu, i-hybrid, i-progressive, esakazwayo).

Amafomu azovulela ithuba maduze izinhlobo ezintsha nezintsha zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ezizothintwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamanje nobushintshayo , njenge-Big Data, i-Deep Learning, i-Artificial Intelligence, kanye nobuchwepheshe obushintshayo obufana ne-Cloud Computing kanye ne-Blockchain.