Ungabuvikela kanjani ubumfihlo bakho kwi-Intanethi

Ihlazo loHlelo lwe-PRISM lweNational Security Agency (NSA), oluvezwe izambulo zika-Edward Snowden, lubeka inkinga yobumfihlo kwi-Intanethi (yize ingekho ngaphakathi kuyo kuphela, nakwezinye izindawo ezinjengokubhalwa kwemiyalezo, njll. .).

Imiqondo yokukhombisa

Ngenkathi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ukulawula i-Intanethi kwenzeka kuphela ngokungenelela kombuso - ikakhulukazi emazweni anokukhetha okukhulu kobushiqela- kwamanye ukuthi ukungenelela kuyaqhubeka nokuba khona kodwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Emazweni onxiwankulu, ikakhulukazi "enkabeni", ukungenelela kombuso kuhlobene kakhulu nokukhula kwezinkanyezi kwezobuchwepheshe, okuyisisekelo salo yiwebhu. Ngicabanga ngokucacile nge-United States, lapho i-Facebook, i-Google, iMicrosoft noma i-Twitter iqoqa imininingwane eminingi ngabasebenzisi nokuyinto leyo, imininingwane uhulumeni ayisebenzisayo ngenxa ye -so evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlekelele- « Ukuphepha kwezwe ". Ukungaqondi lesi sixhumanisi phakathi kombuso nemakethe kuphila ngokungazi ngokuphelele futhi ungayiqondi inkinga kukho konke ukubanzima kwayo.

Yize i-Intanethi iyinethiwekhi, ngakho-ke isuselwa kusakhiwo esingesona esigabeni sabaphathi, ngokwengeziwe sibona ukubekwa kwayo phakathi ezandleni ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amagama, izinkampani ezimbalwa ziyanda ziphatha lonke ulwazi kuwebhu. Ngokumangazayo, lokhu kwenziwe kaningi ngemvume yabasebenzisi abathi ukuze kube lula noma ngenxa yokuthi "bangabakho" banikeze idatha yabo noma, ngqo, bakwenze lokho ngaphandle kokwazi kwabo. Ngamanye amagama, ukugxilwa kwewebhu yisibopho, ngezinga elikhulu, lesinyathelo esizimele. Yizinkampani ezenza ibhizinisi ngalolo lwazi, ngokusobala zinikela ngezinzuzo eziningi mahhala futhi ezisiguqula thina basebenzisi, zibe umkhiqizo othengiswayo. Emazweni lapho lokhu kungenzeki khona, isinyathelo esizimele sithathelwa indawo yisinyathelo sikahulumeni (iChina, iGibhithe, iCuba, njll.). Kungakho ngithi lezi zinhlelo ezimbili azifani, futhi akulungile ukulahla uhlobo olulodwa lokungenelela futhi unganaki olunye: "IGibhithe yimbi, iGoogle ilungile" (noma enye indlela ezungezile).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala kimi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi iMelika ayiyona "amabhola e-bowling", iyunifomu, iyafana futhi ivaliwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kulapho kuvezwa khona izimfuno eziningi zenhlalo, ziphikisana nakomunye nomunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazwe aseMelika awabona nje “onodoli” bezinkampani kepha ngokuvamile angasho umkhawulo ezithakazelweni zawo. Lokhu kubonakala ngaphesheya kwebhodi. Kuphela uma sicabanga ngoMbuso ngale ndlela kuvula ithuba lokulwela imithetho evikela abasebenzisi ngezinga elikhulu.

Esinye sezici esenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulawulwa kwe-Intanethi ukuthi ubukhulu bendawo yobukhosi baseMelika bubeka umkhawulo emkhakheni wabo wokusebenza, ungalingani nobubanzi be-Intanethi noma bezinkampani (ezingapheli babe nesizinda sendawo, kepha ububanzi obudlula kabanzi imingcele yendawo).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amazwe ahlukene awanamandla afanayo noma umthwalo ofanayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lomhlaba jikelele. Ngendlela efanayo eyenzeka kwezinye izindawo, uMbuso waseNyakatho Melika awufani noMbuso waseBrazil, isibonelo. Imiqondo ye- "isikhungo" ne- "periphery" ingakusiza uqonde engikushoyo.

Ekugcineni, ngikuthola kumnandi ukuphikisana futhi ngicabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo: kuvela esimweni sokuqala "sokushoda komthethonqubo" we-Intanethi futhi ngicabanga ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye lapho sibheka ulwazi olungamukeleki ngokwengeziwe, ngiyazibuza: uma kufanele sikhuthaze ukubuyela "kokungahambisani nomthetho" kwe-Intanethi - okuthile okufana neRousseauian State of Nature - noma ngabe kudingekile ukuthi kukhuthazwe "umthethonqubo" onikeza abasebenzisi amalungelo (okuthile okufana nomthethonqubo ovikela isakhamuzi namalungelo entando yeningi) ? Ngokwethembeka, angazi ukuthi kungakanani ukugqugquzela ukubuyela ohlelweni lwe- "anarchic" ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomthethonqubo kungaba yi-utopia noma, okubi kakhulu, kungasebenza ukudlala umdlalo wezinkampani ezinkulu zokubusa. Mhlawumbe yingakho sibona I-Google ivikela "okungahambisani nomthetho" (isimo) se-Intanethi. WTF! Akumele sikhohlwe leli qiniso elikhulu lokuthi amanye amazwe, njengami, afunde ngendlala nobumpofu: ukungabi bikho kwemithetho nguhulumeni futhi kuluhlobo lwenqubomgomo yezwe, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-neoliberalism.

Ake-ke sithi impendulo ukuzama ukuxoxa ngokulawulwa kwe-Intanethi. Uma kunjalo, akukho ukuphunyula: lokhu KUFANELEKILE kufanele kube ngokwamazwe omhlaba ngenxa yemvelo ye-Intanethi, nokuthi "umthetho wamazwe omhlaba" angavunyelwana kuphela neZwe (okungenzeka ngoba iMelika akuyona "amabhola e-bowling" ).). Isibonelo kungaba isinyathelo se-European Union sokulawula i-Google ezwenikazi elidala noma imithetho ye «ukungathathi hlangothi okuphelele«, Njengalowo ogunyazwe yiChile.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokungenela kombuso kwi-Intanethi (noma ezinye izindaba) "zilungile" noma "zinobungozi", kepha akusho ukuthi "zimbi" noma "azithandeki". Njengoba nje singathola izinhlelo ezincomekayo, kukhona ne IMIZUZU kanye neminye imizamo eminingi eyenziwa yizizwe ngezizwe ukuphoqelela umbono wabo wokuthi i-Intanethi kufanele ibe kanjani. Lokhu kungqubuzana kungenzeka ngoba, njengoba sesishilo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uMbuso uthathwe njengento noma ithuluzi elisezandleni zomunye umuntu, kodwa kunalokho njengenqubo ephikisanayo, enemifantu. Umzamo wethu kufanele uqondiswe, ngombono wami, ukuphoqa lokhu kuphikisana; Umzamo ongelula neze, ikakhulukazi uma ngakolunye uhlangothi kunezimboni ezinkulu, inzuzo yazo idlula kude i-GDP yamazwe amaningana ahlanganisiwe nokuthi kaningi iba nokuxhaswa yizifundazwe ezikuzo.

Umbuzo onzima osele emapayipini ngukuthi: uma kudingeka umthethonqubo (ukukhawulela amandla wabamakhosi noma ohulumeni abasemandleni, isibonelo) futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokufeza lowo myalo ngemithetho, ukubambisana nezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba, ukungenelela okunjani kufanele amazwe ethu avikele (ngikhuluma, ngokwesibonelo, ngeLatin America noma, ngokubanzi, "okungaqondile")? Futhi, ngokufanayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi kucace ngempendulo yalokhu okulandelayo: hlobo luni lomthethonqubo ohulumeni bamazwe abafuna ukuwusebenzisa ezindaweni zabo lapho kugcinwa khona ingxenye enkulu yemininingwane ye-Inthanethi nalapho izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zobuchwepheshe hlala? Noma hlobo luni lomthethonqubo abazofunwa yilabo hulumeni abacindezelayo? Futhi ekugcineni: iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokunikeza le mpikiswano: amazwe amabili, isifunda, umhlaba jikelele?

Uhlobo "lomthethonqubo" engikhuluma ngalo alukho olunye ngaphandle kokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Intanethi ingafinyelelwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kwemingcele. Akukona ukwakhiwa "kombutho wamaphoyisa womhlaba wonke", nakho obekungaba yinto engenakwenzeka futhi okungenangqondo. Ngamanye amagama, kimi, inhloso akuyona umthethonqubo omubi, wamaphoyisa, kepha umthethonqubo omuhle, ukuze uvikele futhi uqinisekise amalungelo ezakhamizi nezentando yeningi, kulokhu njengabasebenzisi be-Intanethi. Angikholwa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka - futhi kuzoba kuncane - ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungenelela kombuso kanye nokubambisana: njengesibonelo, isakhamuzi saseBrazil singabuvikela kanjani ubumfihlo babo uma imininingwane yabo igcinwe kwelinye izwe? Embusweni wentando yeningi, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela amalungelo akho ngokubhekela izintshisekelo zombuso kanye nohulumeni okhona kungokusebenzisa imithetho (labo abangenayo inhlanhla yokuhlala ohlelweni lwentando yeningi, akusho ukuthi banayo kunzima kakhulu), kepha banemikhawulo efanayo nezobukhosi beZwe, yingakho ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kubalulekile.

Ngiyabona ukuthi isikhundla sami asilula, ngoba ngaphezulu kubonakala kukhululeka ukuvikela "okungahambisani nomthetho" kanye nokubuyela eRousseauian State of Nature lapho sonke sihamba ehlathini sibambene ngezandla. Ihlaya ukuthi "umthethonqubo" osabekayo usuvele ukhona futhi awuphoqelelwa nje kuphela amandla aseMelika (ngokuvamile lawo "asesikhungweni" nokuthi "amapheriphersi" kufanele awamukele ngokuzithoba), kodwa nangamabhizinisi azimele. Ukulandelela nokumaketha imininingwane yethu kungubufakazi obungcono kakhulu balokhu: sesibe umkhiqizo othengiswayo. Noma kunjalo ... impikiswano ivulekile. Sengivele ngaphonsa itshe lokuqala ...

Ezinye izindlela zokunakekela ubumfihlo bakho (kancane)

Ekugcineni, ihlazo le-PRISM lisizile ukubeka lezi zinkinga etafuleni futhi lenze abantu abaningi banquma ukwenza uhlobo "lokusetshenziswa okufanele" kwi-Intanethi. I- ngolunye usuku Ngiye engqungqutheleni ka Werner koch, inhloko ye-GnuPG, owathi "kungenzeka ukuthi akekho kithi ongamelana nokuhlaselwa okuhlosiwe, kepha inqobo nje uma sihlala ngaphakathi 'kwenqwaba yabantu' kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukugwema ukulandelela." Mhlawumbe kulungile. Ukuvikelwa okuphelele akunakwenzeka, kepha kunezinto eziningi esingazenza "namuhla namanje" ukunciphisa ukulandelwa yibo bobabili abakhulu kanye nabanye ohulumeni.

Nakhu okunye kokufakwa esikhundleni "okuphephile" kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi uKoch azishilo enkulumweni yakhe futhi ezingatholakala 'ngezwi nezwi' kuwebhusayithi https://prism-break.org/#es.