Ungayifaka kanjani i-web server nge-Nginx + MySQL + PHP5 + APC + Spawn_FastCGI [Isigaba sokuqala: Isethulo]

Esikhathini esingeside esidlule sikushilo lokho manje DesdeLinux (zonke izinsizakalo zayo) zisebenza ngaphakathi Amaseva weGNUTransfer.com. Ibhulogi ithuthuke kakhulu maqondana nejubane, uketshezi, noma ngabe sisuka ekubeni (ngemuva kokuhlangana kwe-UsemosLinux) ukuvakashelwa okungaphezu kwama-30.000 nsuku zonke (cishe abasebenzisi abangama-200 baxhuma ngasikhathi sinye). Ungakufeza kanjani ukusebenza okuhle kweseva noma ngabe le volumu yethrafikhi?

Njengamanje iJustice (i-VPS lapho kubhalwe khona ibhulogi nenye insizakalo) ine-3GB ye-RAM, noma kunjalo kudliwe okungaphansi kuka-500MB, lokhu kungenzeka ngokukhetha okulungile kwesoftware ongayisebenzisa nokuyilungiselela okufanele. Isibonelo, i-Apache ngokungangabazeki inkulu emhlabeni, i-No.1 uma kukhulunywa ngokusingathwa, kepha ngenxa yalesi sizathu i-Apache akuyona inketho enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho isiminyaminya siphezulu futhi nehardware ye-server ayinkulu kangako (Ex: 8 noma i-16GB ye-RAM) I-Apache ingahle idle i-RAM eningi kakhulu okwenza iseva ngezikhathi ezithile ithathe isikhathi eside ukuphendula, noma okubi kakhulu, ukuthi isiza sethu asixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi izinsiza ezinganele. Kungakho iningi lethu likhetha i-Nginx kune-Apache.

Nginx:

Sivele sikutshele ngeNginx ekuqaleni kwendatshana Nginx: Enye indlela ethokozisayo ye-Apache, lapho sikutshele ukuthi iseva yewebhu efana ne-Apache, LightHttpd noma i-Cherokee, kodwa uma iqhathaniswa ne-Apache igqama ngokusebenza kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hardware ephansi, ngokunembile ukuthi kungani amasayithi amaningi amakhulu njenge-Facebook, MyOpera.com, DropBox noma ngisho ne-WordPress .com sebenzisa i-Nginx esikhundleni se-Apache. Emhlabeni we-Linux DesdeLinux Akuyona yodwa esebenzisa i-Nginx, ngokwazi kwami, i-emsLinux ne-MuyLinux nayo iyayisebenzisa :)

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​ngeNginx kubuyela emuva eminyakeni eminingana, lapho ngaphandle kwesidingo ngaqala ukufuna ezinye izindlela ezingasindi ku-Apache. Ngaleso sikhathi i-Nginx yayifuna inguqulo engu-0.6 futhi ukuhambisana kwayo nezindawo ezifunwa kakhulu ezenziwe ku-PHP kwakungeyona okulungile kakhulu, kepha namuhla kusuka enguqulweni engu-0.9 kuye phambili (v1.2.1 itholakala ku-Debian Stable, v1.4.2 itholakala ku-ArchLinux) kuthuthuke kakhulu, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi ngokucushwa okufanele kanye nenyunyana yeNginx + PHP konke kuzosebenza njengentelezi.

Kulolu chungechunge lwezifundo Ngizosebenzisa inguqulo ye-Nginx 1.2.1-2.2, iyatholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-Debian Stable (Wheezy).

I-PHP5:

I-PHP, lolo limi lohlelo amasayithi amaningi (kanye ne-CMS) asebenza nalo namuhla, ngokubona kwami, izimvu ezimnyama zomndeni. Okungukuthi, kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​siqu, amasayithi amakhulu, anevolumu enkulu yokuvakashelwa, enezinketho eziningi, imisebenzi, njll., Uma isiza esinjalo senziwa ku-PHP sizosebenzisa izinsiza eziningi kunesiza esifanayo esenziwe, isibonelo, eRoR. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​kube ukuthi bantu, i-PHP yidrako enkulu yemithombo, i-PHP + i-Apache yanele ukugwinya amakhulu namakhulu ama-MB we-RAM ngaphandle kwesidingo sangempela.

Isizathu sokungasebenzisi i-RoR, i-Django noma enye into nje yilokho DesdeLinux (ibhulogi, i-flagship yethu) isebenza ne-WordPress, i-CMS eyakhiwe nge-PHP esinikeza ukunethezeka okuningi, kangangokuthi asihleli nje ukuyishintsha ngesikhathi esifushane noma esimaphakathi, ngokwethembeka, i-WordPress, ngisho noma ingaphelele, usisebenzela kulokho esikudingayo futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu.

Ngokuphathelene ne-PHP, kulezi zifundo ngizosebenzisa i- Uhlobo lwe-PHP 5.4.4-14 iyatholakala ku-Debian Wheezy (Esitebeleni)

I-Spawn_FastCGI:

Lokhu kungashiwo ukuthi yilokho okuhlanganisa i-Nginx ne-PHP, okungukuthi, noma ngabe banephakheji ye-PHP5 efakiwe uma bengenayo i-Spawn_FastCGI efakiwe futhi yenziwa lapho bevula isiza ku-PHP isiphequluli sizolanda ifayela, ngeke libakhombise noma yini ukuthi .php ihlelwe ngoba i-server ayazi ukuthi icubungula kanjani amafayela we-.php, yingakho kubalulekile ukufaka nokulungisa i-Spawn_FastCGI.

Uma sisebenzise i-Apache kungaba yinto elula njengokufaka iphakheji ye-libapache2-mod-php5 kepha njengoba sisebenzisa i-Nginx kuzofanele sifake iphakheji ye-spawn-fcgi. Futhi, esifundweni ngizochaza ukuthi ngingawakha kanjani umbhalo wokuqala kuwo ku /etc/init.d/ ukuze ukwazi ukuwulawula kahle.

I-MySQL:

Lokhu kungaba uphawu lombuzo olukhulu noma mhlawumbe, kwabanye, inothi elivumelanayo. Abaningi engibaziyo bazongibuza lo mbuzo: kungani usebenzisa iMySQL hhayi iMariaDB?

Inkinga iwukuthi anginaso isikhathi esanele sokuzinikezela ekwenzeni ukufuduka kulo mzuzu ukusuka ku-MySQL kuya ku-MariaDB, ukufuduka okufanele ngokombono kubonakale obala kuwo wonke umuntu, i-100% ihambisane nayo yonke into, kodwa lokho ... Ngathi, ngombono. Ngaleso sikhathi ngaqala ukuthutha izinkonzo DesdeLinux kusuka ku-VPS eyodwa kuya kwenye kwakudingeka ngishiye i-Apache ngemuva futhi ngisebenzise i-Nginx, lokhu kwakuhilela amafayela ahlukene okucushwa, izindlela ezahlukene zokumemezela ama-VHosts, ukufakwa nokucushwa kusukela ekuqaleni kweseva kanye nezinsizakalo zayo, ngaleso sikhathi angikwazanga ukwengeza omunye umsebenzi ku- list, futhi futhi uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ngishintshe i-Apache ye-Nginx ngoba i-Apache ayizange inelise izidingo zami, nokho, i-MySQL kuze kube manje ihlangabezana nezidingo zami 100%, angisiboni isizathu sokuba ngikhulise umsebenzi wami ngokushintsha into ebivele isebenza. ngobuchwepheshe kahle kimi.

Lapho sengichazile ukuthi kungani ngingafakanga iMariaDB, ngichaze nokuthi njengoba iningi lamawebhusayithi lidinga i-database yokusebenza kwawo, ngoba kulapho kuzogcinwa khona imininingwane eminingi (noma cishe konke). Kunabanye abathanda uPostgre noma omunye umuntu, kulolu chungechunge lwezifundo ngizochaza ukuthi kanjani faka i-MySQL futhi ulungiselele abasebenzisi abahlukene besiza ngasinye.

La Uhlobo lwe-MySQL engizolusebenzisa i-v5.5.31

I-APC:

I-APC isilungiselela i-PHP (ichazwe kalula). Kusivumela ukuthi silungiselele kahle ukuthi ukucubungula kwe-PHP kusebenza kangcono, ukuthi izimpendulo ezivela kuseva ziyashesha.

Kunezinye izindlela ezinjenge-memcache noma kunjalo, bengilokhu ngisebenzisa i-APC futhi ngibe nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ngincoma ukufunda le ndatshana ngesiNgisi: Ukuqhathanisa i-APC neMemcache njenge-cache yendawo yokuqukethwe

Ngizosebenzisa esifundweni inguqulo ye- php-apc v3.1.13-1 iyatholakala nasezikhundleni ze-Debian Stable.

Ukufingqa:

Le ndlela yokufaka ukumiswa kwesiphakeli sewebhu ayiyona engcono kunazo zonke, kude nayo, ngokwesibonelo abaningi bazoncoma i-Varnish, okuvela kulokho engikufundile kusebenza izimangaliso zangempela ngoba yonke into noma cishe konke kugcinwe kunqolobane, kepha, kithi asikudingi lokho I-100% yesayithi ihlala ifakwa kunqolobane njengoba singafuni noma sidinga ukuya kulokho kweqisa. Kodwa-ke, ngiyacacisa, njengoba ngishilo ngenhla: "kuze kufike lapho ngifunde khona", mina uqobo angizange ngisebenzise iVarnish kuze kube namuhla, ngakho-ke angikwazi ukukunikeza umbono we-100% wenhloso.

Lokhu kuzoba uchungechunge lwezifundo engizokukhombisa kuzo ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani iseva yewebhu njengale esingethwe yile minithi. DesdeLinux (ibhulogi, inkundla, namathisela, njll). Ibhulogi inokuvakasha okungu-30.000 nsuku zonke, cishe abasebenzisi abangu-200 abafinyelela kuyo ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa nokho i-RAM ingeqi ku-500MB esetshenzisiwe, kwabanye lokhu kungase kube ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kodwa... hey, sine-3GB ye-RAM, engaphansi kuka-500MB (okuhlanganisa Isevisi ye-FTP, i-SSH, njll.) inhle ngempela akunjalo? 🙂

Wonke 'umlingo' awenziwa kuphela yi-Nginx + Spawn_FastCGI + APC, uhlelo lwethu lwe-blog cache luhlelwe kahle futhi nemithetho ye-Nginx iqondile, lokhu kwenza ibhulogi noma ngabe ithola inqubo enkulu yethrafikhi ingaphansi kakhulu kwe-PHP kunalokho njengokujwayelekile, njengoba sekuvele kunesilondolozi esiningi. Uma unesayithi elifunwa kakhulu futhi unezinkinga zezinsizakusebenza, ngincoma ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi ufundela ukubona ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lwe-cache oluzokusebenzela kangcono, yikuphi okuzohlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi uzothola lezi zifundiso zithakazelisa, kuzo zonke zazo ngizozama ukuchaza konke ngendlela ephelele, enemininingwane futhi elula ngangokunokwenzeka.

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