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Sivame ukuchitha isikhathi sethu esiningi ku vimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe emaqenjini ethu: silungiselela izingodo zomlilo, izimvume zomsebenzisi, ama-ACL, senza amaphasiwedi aqinile, njll. kodwa asivamile ukukhumbula vikela ukuqala kwemishini yethu.
Uma othile enokufinyelela ngokomzimba kwikhompyutha, angayiqala kabusha futhi ashintshe amapharamitha e-GRUB ukuze athole ukufinyelela komlawuli. Ukwengeza nje u-'1' noma u-'s' ekugcineni komugqa we-GRUB 'kernel' kuzomnika lokhu kufinyelela. |
Ukugwema lokhu, i-GRUB ingavikelwa ngokusebenzisa iphasiwedi, ukuze uma ingaziwa, amapharamitha ayo awakwazi ukuguqulwa.
Uma une-GRUB boot loader efakiwe (okuvame kakhulu uma usebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux okudume kakhulu), ungavikela okufakiwe ngakunye kumenyu ye-GRUB ngephasiwedi. Ngale ndlela, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokusebenza ukuqala, luzokucela iphasiwedi oyicacisile ukuze uqalise uhlelo. Futhi njengebhonasi, uma ikhompyutha yakho yebiwe, abangena ngaphakathi ngeke bakwazi ukufinyelela kumafayela akho. Kuzwakala kukuhle, akunjalo?
I-GRN 2
Ekungeneni ngakunye kweGrub, ungasungula umsebenzisi ngamalungelo okuguqula imingcele yokufakiwe okuvela ku-GRUB lapho uhlelo luqala, ngaphandle kwe-superuser (lowo okwazi ukufinyelela ku-Grub ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi “e”). Sizokwenza lokhu kufayela /etc/grub.d/00_header. Sivula ifayela ngesihleli sethu esizithandayo:
sudo nano /etc/grub.d/00_header
Ekugcineni namathisela okulandelayo:
ikati < < EOF
setha ama-superusers = "umsebenzisi1"
iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi1 iphasiwedi1
EOF
Lapho umsebenzisi1 kungumbusi omkhulu, isibonelo:
ikati < < EOF
setha ama-superuser=”superuser”
i-superuser password 123456
EOF
Ukwakha abasebenzisi abaningi, bangeze ngezansi:
i-superuser password 123456
Kubukeka njengokucishe kufane nokulandelayo:
ikati < < EOF
setha ama-superuser="superuser"
i-superuser password 123456
iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi2 7890
EOF
Lapho nje sesisungule abasebenzisi esibafunayo, sigcina izinguquko.
Vikela iWindows
Ukuvikela iWindows kufanele uhlele ifayela /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.
sudo nano /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
Bheka umugqa wekhodi othi:
uhlu lwemenyu "$ {LONGNAME} (ku- $ {DEVICE})" {
Kufanele kubukeke kanjena (i-superuser okuyigama lomphathi omkhulu):
imenyu yokudla "$ {LONGNAME} (ku- $ {DEVICE})" –users superuser {
Gcina izinguquko bese usebenza:
sudo update-grub
Ngivule ifayela / boot / grub / grub.cfg:
I-sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Ukuphi ukungena kweWindows (okuthile okufana nalokhu):
imenyu yokudla "Windows XP Professional" {
yishintshele kulokhu (umsebenzisi2 kuyigama lomsebenzisi onamalungelo okufinyelela):
imenyuentry "iWindows XP Professional" –abasebenzisi user2 {
Qalisa kabusha uhambe. Manje, lapho uzama ukufaka iWindows kuzokucela iphasiwedi. Uma ucindezela inkinobho ethi "e", izocela ne-password.
Vikela i-Linux
Ukuvikela ukungena kwe-Linux kernel hlela ifayela /etc/grub.d/10_linux, bese ubheka umugqa othi:
imenyu yokudla "$ 1" {
Uma ufuna kuphela i-superuser ukuthi ikwazi ukuyifinyelela, kufanele ibukeke kanjena:
imenyu yokudla "$ 1" –abasebenzisi abasebenzisi1 {
Uma ufuna umsebenzisi wesibili akwazi ukufinyelela:
imenyu yokudla "$ 1" –abasebenzisi user2 {
Ungavikela nokungena ekuhlolweni kwememori, ngokuhlela ifayili le /etc/grub.d/20_memtest:
imenyuentry "Ukuhlolwa kwememori (memtest86 +)" –users superuser {
Vikela konke okufakiwe
Ukuvikela konke okufakiwe kusebenza:
Sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / {/ –users superuser {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober / etc / i-grub.d / 40_custom
Ukuze uhlehlise lesi sinyathelo, sebenzisa:
sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / –users superuser [/ B] {/ {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os- hlola /etc/grub.d/40_custom
I-GRUB
Ake siqale ngokuvula imvelo ye-GRUB. Ngivule ukuphela futhi ngabhala:
i-grub
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngafaka umyalo olandelayo:
mdc
Izokucela iphasiwedi ofuna ukuyisebenzisa. Thayipha bese ufaka u-perison Enter. Uzothola iphasiwedi ebhaliwe, okufanele uyigcine ngokucophelela. Manje, ngezimvume zomlawuli, ngivule ifayela le / / boot / grub / imenu.lst ngesihleli sakho sombhalo osithandayo:
Isudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst
Ukusetha iphasiwedi kokufakiwe kwemenyu ye-GRUB oyithandayo, kufanele ungeze okulandelayo kukho konke okufakiwe ofuna ukukuvikela:
iphasiwedi --md5 my_password
Lapho i-my_password kungaba iphasiwedi (ebethelwe) ebuyiswe ngu-md5crypt: Ngaphambi:
isihloko Ubuntu, i-kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imodi yokutakula)
impande (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 impande = / dev / hdb3 ro single
initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
Ngemuva:
isihloko Ubuntu, i-kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imodi yokutakula)
impande (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 impande = / dev / hdb3 ro single
initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs
Gcina ifayela bese uqala kabusha. Kulula kanjalo! Ukugwema, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi umuntu ononya angashintsha imingcele yokumiswa kokungena okuvikelwe, kepha futhi nokuthi abakwazi ukuqala leyo nqubo, ungangeza umugqa kokufakiwe "okuvikelwe", ngemuva kwepharamitha yesihloko. Ukulandela isibonelo sethu, kungabonakala okufana nalokhu:
isihloko Ubuntu, i-kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imodi yokutakula)
ukukhiya
impande (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 impande = / dev / hdb3 ro single
initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs
Ngokuzayo lapho umuntu efuna ukuqala lolo hlelo, kuzofanele afake iphasiwedi.
Umthombo: Delanover & Makeuseof & Ubuntu Forums & Elavdeveloper