I-Qubes OS uhlelo lokusebenza eligxile ekuphepheni kwedeskithophu ngokuzihlukanisa ngokuya nge-Xen hypervisor. I-Qubes OS uhlelo olusebenzayo umthombo ngokuphelele futhi ovulekile.
Qubes ithatha indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ezokuphepha ngokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlukane ube ngamakhemikhali angawodwa ngokuthi ama-qubes ngokuphepha. Ngamanye amagama, iqhuba uhlelo ngalunye ngokuhlukile endaweni ecezile ngokuphelele.
Mayelana neQubes OS
Le yindlela i-Qubes OS enikeza ngayo umsebenzisi ukuphepha okukhulu lapho esebenza kuhlelo, ngoba uma uhlelo luyekethiswa ngumhlaseli, luzothola kuphela ulwazi mayelana negumbi elikwazile ukufinyelela kulo.
Qubes ifinyelela imishini eminingi ebonakalayo esebenza kwi-Type 1 hypervisor zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha njengohlelo olushumekiwe lokusebenza.
Isibonelo, ibeka lonke uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza windows kudeskithophu efanayo nemingcele enemibala ekhethekile ekhombisa amazinga wokuthembela emishini yabo ebonakalayo.
Ama-Qubes aphatha izinto ezahlukahlukene ukuze iziqukathi zikwazi ukuhlangana, futhiPhakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini ebonakalayo nezinto esinazo: i-dom0, imodeli yemishini ebonakalayo, imishini ebonakalayo esekelwa kumodeli, imishini ebonakalayo yokulahla futhi ekugcineni imishini ebonakalayo ejwayelekile.
I-Dom0 (AdminVM + GUIVM)
Nguye umshayeli. Kususelwa kuFedora, kulawula i-Xen hypervisor, futhi kunika amandla ukuphathwa kwayo yonke imishini ebonakalayo (ama-VM). Unokufinyelela kunethiwekhi futhi okukhona kungakhawulelwe kakhulu.
Amamodeli we-Virtual Machine (TemplateVM)
Lezi skumishini ebonakalayo ene-GNU / Linux distribution. Kufinyelelwe kuphela kulayini womyalo wokuphatha amaphakheji afakiwe. Ithimba lokuthuthukisa le-Qubes OS inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu: UFedora, uFedora omncane noDebian. Umphakathi uphinde unikeze abanye nge-Whonix, Ubuntu, ne-Arch Linux.
Ama-Model-based Virtual Machines (i-AppVM)
Banazo ezinye izinkomba / ikhaya, / usr / lendawo kanye / rw / config. Noma yiluphi ushintsho kumafayili kwezinye izinkomba lwenziwa ngekhophi endizeni (ikhophi ebhaliwe) futhi alusimeme: luzobhujiswa lapho umshini obonakalayo uvaliwe noma uqaliswa kabusha.
Imishini ebonakalayo elahlwayo
Le yimishini ebonakalayo engenalo uhla lwemibhalo lwayo, okungukuthi, uma usebenzisa lolu hlobo lomshini obonakalayo, lapho wenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa, kulahleka lapho umshini obonakalayo uvaliwe.
Imishini ebonakalayo ejwayelekile
Azisuselwe kusifanekiso, futhi ungafaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU / Linux, BSD, noma iWindows kuso.
Uhlobo olusha lwe-Qubes OS
Emasontweni athile edlule Abathuthukisi be-Qubes OS bakhiphe uhlobo olusha lohlelo ukufinyelela le nguqulo I-Qubes 4.0 enokulungiswa kwamaphutha okuhlukahlukene nokuguqulwa okusha ukuphepha ohlelweni.
Ku-Qubes OS 3.2, ungasebenzisa kuphela imishini ebonakalayo yokulahla ngemodeli eyodwa. AhManje kungenzeka ukusebenzisa umshini obonakalayo ongalahlwa womshini ngamunye obonakalayo ngokususelwa kusifanekiso.
LImodeli ebonakalayo yemodeli ayisasadingi isixhumi esibonakalayo senethiwekhi, okuholela endaweni encane yokuhlasela. Ukuvuselelwa akudlulisi ama-Qubes APIs.
I-Qubes OS version 4.0 ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imishini ebonakalayo ukuguqula ezinye izici zeminye imishini ebonakalayo. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuba nemindeni eminingana yohlobo lwama-VM we-admin, okungukuthi, i-admin-Net, i-admin-IO, i-admin-root, njll., Ngayinye enethuba lokushintsha izici ezithile ezithile zemishini ethile ebonakalayo.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imishini eminingi ebonakalayo ayisayisebenzisi i-paravirtualization, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela iziqukathi ekwehlulekeni kweMeltdown ne-Spectrum.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale nguqulo entsha, ungafunda imininingwane kwinothi yokukhishwa yeQubes OS 4.0 ku- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Landa i-Qubes OS
Uma ufuna ukuzama le Qubes OS pUngakwenza ngokulanda isithombe sohlelo kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni esigabeni sayo sokulanda uzoyithola, ungayenza kufayela le- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi i-Qubes OS ayikwazi ukufakwa kuphela njengohlelo olusebenzayo olukhulu, kepha futhi inikeza ithuba lokuthi ukwazi ukuyivivinya enguqulweni yayo ebukhoma.