Ungawabelana kanjani amafayela kunethiwekhi yeLinux

Le iya kozakwethu uClaudio, ofuna ukufunda ukumisa inethiwekhi yeLinux ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iSamba. Ngamazwana angenabo ubungani, uClaudio ucela ukwakhiwa kwe-GUI ukuze ikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi izinkulungwane (uma kungenjalo izigidi) zabantu eseziwenzile phambilini futhi zizoqhubeka nokuwenza ... njengoba lo msebenzi omningi ungowokududuza, futhi akawuthandi Okuningi kuncamela ukudala i-GUI ukuze ikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kalula (okungenani Windows njengoba esho) inethiwekhi yakhe yangaphakathi. Ake siqale singene kulokhu kancane ngaphambi kwesixazululo.

Imodi yebhizinisi vs FOSS

Hhayi-ke, masikugcine kulula kusukela ekuqaleni ... Lokhu kuyinto ehlala ifunwa kumaphrojekthi we-FOSS (Free and Open Source Software), ukungabikho ikhwalithi emsebenzini. Ngihlale ngizwa, kepha kunjalo ukudlala kungcono ukuyithenga enkampanini ithal ngoba kungcono, uhlelo olunjalo kangcono kunenguqulo yayo yamahhala, uhlelo olunjalo kangcono ukwedlula omunye okhululekile. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani lokhu:

Inkampani ithal viva yesoftware yakho

Uma ngiyinkampani futhi umsebenzi wami ukuthengisa isoftware, lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele ngithengise okuthile ngokweqile kuhle ukuze abantu bayithenge, ngakho-ke kufanele akhokhe Konjiniyela bami ukuyithola, futhi lokhu kuyisiqalo salolu daba, isoftware yamahhala futhi kwezinye izimo umthombo ovulekile wenziwa yi umusa. Abantu abakhokhelwa ukuthuthukisa okuthile kwabanye. Ngakho-ke uma ungitshela ukuthi unjani isofthiwe o uhlelo noma yini engcono kunenguqulo yayo yamahhala, ngiyakutshela, mhlawumbe, kepha kunenkinga enkulu kulokho:

Kwenziwa ukukwenza uncike kuwe

Lokhu kufana nomuthi, isoftware ephathelene kakhulu oyisebenzisayo, lapho kuncipha khona ikhono lakho lokucabanga nokuxazulula izinto ngokuzimela. Ake sicabange ngalokhu okwesikhashana, uyazi ukuthi uhola kuphi kakhulu, ngokuthengisa noma ngokulungisa? Impendulo yalokhu ilula, noma ngabe uhlelo noma uhlelo lubiza kangakanani, inzuzo ekulondolozweni iyohlala njalo iba nkulu kunenzuzo ethengiswayo, ngoba ngesikhathi sezinkinga, akunandaba ukuthi inani lemali okumele litshaliwe ukulixazulula ngoba kalula ngeke shintsha ingqalasizinda ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukubaluleka ngumama wendalo

Indlela engenabungani yokucela i-GUI ayisona isizathu esanele sokwenza, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ngiyaxolisa uma kuzwisa uClaudio ubuhlungu, kepha nginezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele ngizenze namaphrojekthi okufanele ngibambe iqhaza kuwo ukuze ngisebenzise isikhathi sami ekuxazululeni ukungabi bikho kwakho ukuzimela nokudlula kwakho kwengqondo. Kepha njengoba ubuze, kulungile, sizochaza ukuthi kungani engekho ama-GUI okwamanje wento ethile Windows ilula kakhulu.

Uma wabelana ngamafolda kumawindi wenza izimbobo zokuphepha

Lapha abangaphezu koyedwa bazongitshela ukuthi nginephutha nokunye njll ... kepha iqiniso ukuthi lapho usebenzisa nmap Ukubona ikhompyutha yamawindows, mhlawumbe uma ikunethiwekhi "ethembekile", izobe isebenza ngenkonzo ethekwini elithile ukuze ikwazi ukwabelana ngamafayela. Lokhu akuyona nje kuphela ingozi, kepha kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ukuthi ukuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo okuningi kuvela ngenxa ye- ukwabelana ukufinyelela ngenethiwekhi. Kepha kungani lokhu kuvela? Hhayi ngoba ifilosofi  IWindows ikufundisa ukuthi usho SI ngaphandle kokwazi kahle ukuthi kwenzekani. (Khumbula ukuncika?) Indlela elula yokuxazulula lokhu kungaba ukunakekela imishini, kepha njenge ifilosofi IWindows akuyona leyo, kulapho i- ukugcinwa iyaqala ukusebenza, futhi ikwenze kufanele isidingo womuntu ozokwenzela izinto.

Akudingekile

Uma isidingo singumama wendalo, ngaphandle kwesidingo, ngakho-ke akukho lutho. Lokhu kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuyiqonda, uma abantu abayisebenzisayo (imvamisa abaphathi bohlelo, noma abantu abasebenzisa amaseva) bengayidingi, ngeke bayidale. Ezimweni ezikhetheke kakhulu (imvamisa kusoftware yamahhala) abadali bazibeka kancane ezinyaweni zabangenalwazi oluningi futhi banqume usizo ukudala i-GUI (IGit ine-GUI yalabo abafuna ukuyizama), kepha futhi, lokhu kungenxa yokumsulwa umusa yabadali, kusukela inani lomsebenzi real inkulu kakhulu, futhi abathuthukisi bambalwa kakhulu, ukuthi leyo misebenzi yehliselwe kwi isikhathi samahhala kusuka kunjiniyela onenhliziyo enhle. (Khumbula ukuthi akekho okhokhelayo ukukwenza, futhi usenomndeni, umsebenzi kanye nezibopho)

Ukuqinela abanye akusoze kwaba yisixazululo

Thatha lokhu njengeseluleko bese uphawule kubo bonke labo abalifundayo, ngikhumbula kakhulu ividiyo engake ngayibona yenhlolokhono no-Obama (umuntu engimthatha njengesibonelo esihle somuntu), lapho indoda ethukuthele iqala khona ukuyigxeka futhi iyithuke futhi ayizange lutho. Akenzanga lutho, hhayi ngoba engakwazi, okungukuthi, wayeyindoda enamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa ngoba wayazi ukuthi akufanele azithobe aye kulelo zinga. Lokho akusona futhi ngeke kube yisixazululo kulokhu kuphila, ukungena engxabanweni akusoze kwaletha noma yini enhle, kunabantu abangakholelwa ukuthi kuyenzeka, kepha okungenani ukwesatshiswa namazwana we-X ngeke kungishukumise. Ngikushiye njengokuphawula okuxekethile ngaphambi kokuqala okokufundisa.

I-NFS

Uhlelo lwefayela lenethiwekhi umthetho olandelwayo wezinga lokufaka isicelo onikezela ngolwazi eyodwa y kuvumelanisiwe kunethiwekhi, kusebenza zombili izinhlelo zeLinux ezinjengeWindows nezinye (lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yenzelwe Izinga lokufaka isicelo). Sikhuluma kanjani kangaka eyodwa, kusho ukuthi sibhekene nesisombululo semodeli yeKlayenti / Server. Sesivele sikuthinte ngokukha phezulu komunye umzuzu, kepha akukho okunye ukugcizelela imininingwane encane.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuba nemininingwane eyodwa?

Omunye umuntu uzothi, «kepha nginolwazi olubalulekile ngohlobo ngalunye lomshini enginalo, ilaptop yami yokusebenza, ikhompyutha yami yasekhaya, njll. Inkinga yilokhu okulandelayo, uma ngabe kulandelwa imodeli yokulondoloza efanele, umuntu ubengabona ukuthi ukudala nokugcina izipele zamaphoyinti amaningi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kulula kakhulu (kithina sonke esisebenzisa imibhalo nabanye) ukudala iphuzu elilodwa lapho ulwazi lufika khona futhi ukusuka lapho qala ukuvikela imininingwane. Ngaphezu kokuba izinhlobo eziningi ngamaphuzu ahlukene akwenzi nje kube nzima ukulandela imininingwane, kodwa futhi kwenza umsebenzi ube nzima.

Angiqambi isibhamu

Kulabo okwesikhashana abakholelwa ukuthi ngithole lokhu ngokuzama nangephutha, ngoba akukho okuqhubekayo eqinisweni, ngisebenzisa okuncane nje lokho i-Google enginikeza kona futhi ake ngibone engikuthole ekusesheni kokuqala (ngizocabanga ukuthi bakwi-Ubuntu labo abayisebenzisayo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kuFedora ushintsho kufanele lube lincane)

-Google

Hlala ulandela lokho elikushoyo Oficial. Lesi mhlawumbe esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala okufanele zilandelwe, futhi ngikubeka uma kwenzeka noma ngubani ecabanga ukuthi kukhona engikwaziyo ngeNFS ngaphambi kokubhala lokhu okuthunyelwe.

TL; DR

Kude kakhulu; ungafundi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma ubona lesi sifinyezo ungaba nesiqiniseko esingu-100% ukuthi yiyona ndlela "yovila" yokuxazulula inkinga, abaningi bazongibuza ukuthi ngazi kanjani ukuthi ngesiNgisi, kahle, manje sebeyazi ukuze kube khona ayikho inketho yokukhononda kamuva  Ngisebenzisa isichazamazwi sasemadolobheni kakhulu ukuze ngiqonde imiqondo eminingi.

Imibhalo Esemthethweni (NgeSpanishi !!)

Umphefumulo othile onenhliziyo enhle uthathe umsebenzi wokusihumushela leli khasi elilula kodwa eliphelele ngakho konke okudingekayo ukufaka iseva yeNFS kunethiwekhi yethu.

Sizobona ngokushesha izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe. Ngikushiya i- isixhumanisi kulabo abafuna ukwazi abangakwazi ukusebenzisa iGoogle ngezizathu ze-X ukufika endaweni efanayo.

Faka iseva neklayenti

Manje sizofaka ngekhonsoli okudingekayo kuzo zombili izindawo ukusebenzisa amafayela abiwe. Esiphakelini sifaka nfs-kernel-server nakukhasimende nfs-common

Lungiselela iseva

I-NFS isebenza ngefayela lokumisa elitholakala ku- /etc/exports. Leli fayela litshela abakwaNFS ukuthi yimaphi amafayela okufanele babelane ngawo nokuthi uwabiza kanjani, ngaphezu kokuba nezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani ngokuzenzakalela, sizosebenzisa ukududuza ukuyihlela ngenxa yokwethenjelwa njalo vim (labo abangakhululekile nge-vim bangasebenzisa nano)

Ngalesi sibonelo esilula ngitshela okuthunyelwa ngaphandle ukuthi ngifuna ukwabelana ngefolda yami workspace ( * kubonisa ukuthi ngifuna ukwabelana ngakho konke okuqukethwe futhi ngaphandle kokushiya isikhala ngibhala izimvume nezinketho ezingifanela kahle, kuleli cala rw yokubhala nokufunda)

Qala kabusha iseva

Uma silungiselele kahle, sidinga ukuqala kabusha isiphakeli (noma siyiqale uma singasebenzi), akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kukhona ushintsho, kepha ngithatha ithuba ukukucacisa, uma ungafuni ukuqala kabusha konke, okulula exportfs -ra xazulula inkinga.

Ulayini wokuqala systemctl start nfs-kernel-server yenza iseva isebenze, eyesibili ukuqiniseka nje ukuthi konke kulungile (uma kungenjalo kuluhlaza, akulungile).

Xhuma kuseva

Manje sizoxhuma enye imishini yethu, lapho sizosebenzisa i- ukududuza, nomyalo mount.

Nakhu kufanele ukugcizelele ukuthi ama-IP abelwe ukuthanda kwakho, angazi noma bazosebenzisa i-DHCP noma i-manual, kepha uma sebene-IP bangayisebenzisa, bayangeza : / path / of / your / folder nendawo lapho ungafaka khona ukuxhumana, kimi ngakha ifolda ebizwa ngokuthi compartido.

Vula isiphequluli sakho

Lapha bobabili basenguqulweni ukududuza njengakwinguqulo I-GUI. Futhi ngikukhombisa kancane ukuthi ngenza kanjani umsebenzi wami esikhungweni, ngihlala ngisebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo ukusebenzela imininingwane yezifundo, (yingakho bezobona i-OSX ifakiwe) kanye nolimi ngalunye, ukuze ngibe nezindawo ezilawulwayo zentuthuko futhi ungagcwalisi iGentoo yami ngezinhlelo ezingadingekile. Kungani ubuntu? kahle ngiyithanda kakhulu kune- Fedora futhi kuyashesha ukudala imishini yokuhlola engingayisusa ngokushesha futhi. Njengoba ngike ngasho, wonke umuntu ulandela ifilosofi yakhe futhi ushiye konke kulungile sebenzisa ngaphandle kokucabanga okuningi Kuyinto eyenza Ubuntu bube lula kakhulu kubasebenzisi bayo  (ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenze isitifiketi sami somqondisi wezinhlelo ku-Ubuntu (i-LFCS ikuvumela ukuthi uyinikeze emindenini emithathu emikhulu yezinhlelo: Ubuntu (Debian), CentOS (Red Isigqoko) kanye ne-SUSE (SUSE ) ), ngakho bekuyindlela enhle yokukhumbula apt-get y apt)

 Imicabango yokugcina

Sengivele ngibhale okuningi kulokhu, kepha njengoba ubona uClaudio, yizinyathelo ezi-4 kuphela (ngiyethemba ungazenzela iGoogle yodwa ukuze ungabala), futhi uqagele ukuthi… awudingi i-GUI ngemiyalo emihlanu. Uxolo uma ngingenakukwazi ukufeza isifiso sakho sokwenza umhlaba ube yi-GNU / Linux kanye neWindows, futhi sikuvikele ekucabangeni kancane nasekufundeni i-google izinto. Futhi uma ufuna ukuba nezinguquko unomphela kunethiwekhi yakho nemishini ngokusebenzisa /etc/fstabKuzofanele uzitholele wena.

Kubo bonke abanye abantu, ngicela ungithethelele uma ngike ngadelela ngalokhu okuthunyelwe, futhi noma ngikubhalele ukungathathi hlangothi (kufanele ngivume ukuthi akekho umuntu othanda ukubuzwa umsebenzi nomzamo wakhe, ngisho nangaphansi kokubizwa i-swagger)… Ngethemba ngempela ukuthi lokhu kungasiza abantu abangaphezu koyedwa emsebenzini wabo wokuxhumana. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokufika lapha naphezu kobunzima namaphutha ami, Abazithobayo 