Raspberry Pi-gaaga u rogo barta marin-ka-wareejinta

En maqaal hore ayaa ka hadlaya DietPi nidaam loogu talagalay Raspberry Pi in marka lagu daro helitaanka beel ballaadhan ay leedahay nidaamyo iyo mashaariic kala duwan.

Kuwaas oo aad u rogi kartid Raspberry Pi-gaaga xarun-warbaahin fara badan, qalabka ciyaarta ee 'retro game console', a NAS server iyo waxyaabo kale.

Hadda markan waxaan arki doonnaa sida loo isticmaalo Raspberry Pi-ga sidii barta marin-u-helka wireless.

U rogaya Raspberry Pi barta marinka wireless

Si tan loo gaaro, Waa lagama maarmaan in lagu helo nidaam qalliin Raspberry-keena, markaa nidaamka rasmiga ah ayaa ugu habboon.

Waxa ugu horreeya ee ay tahay inaan sameyno waa inaan cusbooneysiino nidaamkayaga, tanina waxay ku taal terminal waxaan ku qori doonnaa amarrada soo socda:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Marka tan la dhammeeyo, waxaan dib u bilaabaynaa qalabkeenna, si wixii isbeddel ah ee la sameeyo ay u badbaadaan.

Ku noqo nidaamka, aan sii wadno rakibidda hostapd, dnsmasq iyo buundooyinka, Kuwani waa labada barnaamij ee aan u adeegsan doonno inaan u beddelno Raspberry Pi-gaaga barta marin-u-helidda wireless-ka.

Sidaa darteed, si loo rakibo, kaliya la furo terminaalka dhexdiisa waxaan ku qoreynaa amarrada soo socda.

sudo apt-get install hostapd
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

qaabeynta

Marka rakibidda kuwan la dhammeeyo, waxaan dooneynaa inaan tafatirno feylasha qaabeynta ee barnaamijyada markaa waa inaan joojino adeegyadooda:

sudo systemctl stop hostapd
sudo systemctl stop dnsmasq

Hadda waxaan sii wadaynaa inaan wax ka bedelno feylka soo socda:

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

Hadda waxay ku jirtaa faylka, ku dar khadadka soo socda dhamaadka:

interfaz wlan0
static ip_address = 192.168.0.10/24
denyinterfaces eth0
denyinterfaces wlan0

Halkan kan aan dhigeyno, waxaan u maleyneynaa inaan haysanno cinwaanno IP ah oo maxalli ahIntaa waxaa dheer, isku xirnaanta shabakadeena waxay leedahay magacyo caadi ah mana jiraan kuwo kale.

Intaa kadib, taabo Ctrl + O, ka dibna Ctrl + X si aad u kaydiso faylka una baxdo tifaftiraha.

Isku habee serverka DHCP (dnsmasq)

Waxaan u adeegsanaynaa dnsmasq adeegeena DHCP. Fikradda adeegaha DHCP waa in si firfircoon loogu qaybiyo xuduudaha isku xirnaanta shabakadda, sida cinwaanada IP-ga, isdhaafsiga iyo adeegyada.

Aynu dib u magacawno faylka qaabeynta qaabeynta oo aan qorno mid cusub:

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.back
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Faylka cusub waxaan ku qoreynaa khadadka qaabeynta:

interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=192.168.0.11,192.168.0.30,255.255.255.0,24h

Khadadka aan ku darno waxay ka dhigan yihiin inaan bixin doonno cinwaanno IP ah oo u dhexeeya 192.168.0.11 iyo 192.168.0.30 loogu talagalay interface wlan0. Waan xireynaa oo waan keydinaynaa faylka.

Y hadda waxaan abuureynaa feyl cusub oo qaabeyn ah, waxaan tan ku sameeynaa adoo garaacaya amarka soo socda:

sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

Gudaha gudaheeda waxaan dhigeynaa waxyaabaha soo socda:

interface=wlan0
bridge=br0
hw_mode=g
channel=5
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
ssid=”Nombre-que-le-daras-a-tu-punto-de-acceso”
wpa_passphrase=”La-contraseña”

Halka ay kaliya wax ka beddeli doonaan labada sadar ee ugu dambeeya, maxaa yeelay halkan waxay ku qori doonaan magaca ay u bixin doonaan barta ay ku galaan iyo sidoo kale lambarkooda sirta ah, iyaga oo aan lahayn "".

Markaan tafatirno waan keydin doonnaa oo waan xiri doonnaa isbeddelada. Iyo hada aan fureyno feylka soo socda:

sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd

Faylkaan, raadi xariiqda oranaya # DAEMON_CONF = ”” - ka saar ta # oo dhig wadiiqada feylasha qaabkeena ee xigashooyinka, marka waxay u egtahay sidan:

DAEMON_CONF = "/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Habee gudbinta taraafikada

Fikradda halkan ku jirta ayaa ah in markay isku xidhaan, taraafikada loo gudbin doono xadhiggooda Ethernet. Sidaa darteed, waa inaan WLAN ugu dirnaa khadka Ethernet-ka modem-kaaga. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay tafatirka feyl kale oo qaabeynta ah:

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Hadda raadi khadkaan:

# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Oo meesha ka saar "#", keydi oo u dhow faylkaaga.

Tallaabada xigta waa in lagu daro sharci cusub oo iptables ah, ka dibna leh:

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

Daar isku xirka internetka

Hadda Raspberry Pi wuxuu u shaqeynayaa sidii barta marin u helitaanka ee aaladaha kale ay ku xirmi karaan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, aaladahaas wali ma isticmaali karaan Pi si ay u galaan internetka. Si tan loo suurtageliyo, waxaan u baahannahay inaan dhisno buundo ka gudubta dhammaan taraafikada u dhexeysa wlan0 iyo eth0 isdhexgalka.

Waxaan diyaar u nahay inaan ku darno buundo cusub (oo la yiraahdo br0):

sudo brctl addbr br0

Marka xigta, waxaan ku xiri doonnaa iskudhafka eth0 iyo buundadayada:

sudo brctl addif br0 eth0

Ugu dambeyntiina, aan wax ka bedelno faylka isdhexgalka oo aan ku darno khadadka soo socda dhamaadka feylka:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
auto br0
iface br0 inet manual
bridge_ports eth0 wlan0

Waxaan dib u bilawnay Raspberry Pi waana taas.