Linux don Dumies II. Rarrabawa.

Kodayake kun riga kun san ra'ayin abin da yake Linux Gabaɗaya, watakila mahimmin mahimmanci shine, a zahiri, yanayin ƙasa.

Linux saboda irin wannan ba tsarin aiki bane na musamman, Ina nufin, ba haka bane Windows o Mac OS X, a gaskiya, akwai da yawa Linux, sanya shi a wata hanya.

Linux kanta tsarin halittu ne wanda ya danganta da abubuwan da aka gyara GNU / Linux, shine abin da yakamata ku sani domin kada ku shiga cikin rikice-rikice marasa mahimmanci, kuma wannan yanayin halittar yana da rarrabawa (distros). Distros kawai cikakke ne tsarin aiki bisa tsarin GNU da kernel na Linux; kowannensu an gina shi ne don nau'in mai amfani ko wani nau'in aiki, suna iya zuwa daga samun manufa ta gaba ɗaya (kamar sauƙin amfani) zuwa samun takamammen takamaiman abu (kamar distros da aka mai da hankali akan gwajin tsarin ).

Tambayar da ake yawan yi min ita ce «Da yawa daga ciki akwai su?»Kuma amsar da nake bayarwa koyaushe shine«mutane da yawa«. Ba wai don rashin kauna bane, nauyi ne ko kuma rago ne kawai, amma a zahiri akwai da yawa, ban sani ba idan akwai wani rikodin da ya kirga yawan rikice-rikicen da suke wanzu amma a kalla zan iya cewa akalla akwai akalla 150 distros, amma mai yiwuwa ne wannan lambar ta wuce ta sauƙi, kuma a cikin dogon lokaci, yawan hargitsin ba shi da wata damuwa, ina shakkar cewa kowa na iya samun gwada su duka; kuma don sama da komai, koyaushe akwai sababbin rikice-rikice masu zuwa haske ...

Amma daga dukkan rikice-rikicen da suke wanzu, akwai ƙungiyar da za a iya ɗaukar kambi a matsayin mashahuri masu rarraba, waɗanda ta hanyar Linux ne sananne gaba ɗaya, ba ta takamaiman ɗayan ba, amma da yawa, waɗannan sune:

• Ubuntu.
• Linux Mint.
• Fedora
• archlinux.
• Sake budewa.
• Debian.
• Mandriva / Mageia.

Ya kamata a sani cewa tsarin da aka sanya masu suna baya wakiltar mahimmancin su ko matsayinsu, kawai na basu umarnin kamar haka ...

Yanzu waɗannan sune manyan rabarwar Linux, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa sune mafi kyawu ko kuma mafiya muhimmanci ba, sune kawai mafi shahara kuma wanda mutane da yawa suka sani Linux, watakila wasu sun fi wasu, amma ba wani abu daga can ba.

Kamar yadda duk suka dogara da muhalli na haɗin gwiwa kyauta, kowace ƙungiyar da ke kula da kowane rarraba kuma kowace al'umma ana ba ta aikin ba da tallafi koyaushe da taimakawa tare da ci gaban abubuwa da yawa, misali ƙungiyar Fedora (daukar nauyin ta Red Hat) koyaushe yana bayar da gudummawa mai ban sha'awa kamar yin yanayin tebur kamar gnome-harsashi suna aiki ba tare da haɓaka hoto ba kuma suna yin gwaje-gwaje da yawa.

Debian misali uwar distro ce Ubuntu (kuma kaka na duk abubuwan da suka samo asali na Ubuntu) kuma an san shi da zama mafi rikitarwa har ila yau (ko kuma aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin mafi kwanciyar hankali), yana da babbar al'umma kuma wannan ya haifar da babbar "ɗakin karatu" don yin magana, na fakitin .deb (daidai da. exe na windows) sanya shi ɗayan mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don masu amfani waɗanda suka fito Windows game da bayyanar da kunshin

Ubuntu An san shi da suna «distro wanda ya taimaka sosai ga Linux»Saboda wannan shine dalilin da ya sa rabin duniya ta gane Linux, Amma wannan ba haka bane, babu rarraba yafi wani, nunada Dole ne ku fada cikin wannan layin tun tun Ubuntu ba zai zama ba Ubuntu zunubi Debian kuma bi da bi, wannan ba komai ba ne ba tare da duk gudummawar da wasu suka bayar ba Linux ba kuma ga al'umma ba. Kodayake ana iya ba shi sunan sanannen sanannen distro, saboda hakan ne.

Menene wancan na rarraba bisa ga wani?

Mai sauƙi, kasancewa ƙarƙashin lasisi kyauta, ana iya amfani da rarraba yadda mutum yake so, kuma wannan yana nuna cewa zan iya gina rarraba daga wani. Yana kama da ɗaukar tushen rarraba kuma farawa daga wannan farawa don gina kanku, tare da abin da kuke so ya sami.

Misalin wannan shine Ubuntu con Debian; Ubuntu shan na Debian wasu daga cikin rumbun ajiyar ta, wuraren hada kayan ta da irin wadannan (don kar su fada cikin abubuwan fasaha) kuma daga hakan ne take kirkirar shirye-shirye don gudanar da tsarin ta hanya mafi sauki, yana kara wuraren ajiyar sa da sauran su. Kuma sai ya zo Linux Mint, wanda ya dogara da Ubuntu kuma abin da yake yi shine ƙara ƙarin kunshin da aka riga aka girka da wasu ƙarin shirye-shiryen da suka ƙirƙira da kansu da sauransu; Duk wani distro na iya dogara ne akan wani, ko yaya yake kuma idan ya dogara da wani bi da bi.

Kowane distro yana da nasa kuma kuna da naka a cikin kowane distro.

Wannan maganar wani abokina ne ya fada min tuntuni lokacin da na fara sanin wannan duniyar, tana nufin cewa kowane distro yana mai da hankali ne akan wani abu, ya zama manufa ce ta gaba daya (kamar kasancewa mai saukin amfani, ko kasancewa mai karko sosai) ko kuma yadda ake fuskantar shi zuwa wani abu takamaimai (distros da aka yi kawai don sabobin ko ci gaban kimiyya).

Rarrabawa koyaushe ana haifar dashi da manufa kuma shine biyan bukatun wasu nau'in masu amfani, a farkon Linux akwai mutanen da suke son zane-zane mai sauƙin amfani da dubawa sannan kuma an haifeshi Mandrake (wanda daga baya ya zama Harshen Mandriva) wannan da kyau, ya ba da wannan, kyakkyawan tsari a zane kuma mai sauƙin amfani sannan ya zo Ubuntu, har ma da sauki don amfani, kuma a zahiri, sannan ya zo Linux Mint, har ma da sauki don fara amfani da shi fiye da Ubuntu; Wannan cikakken misali ne game da haihuwar distro, takamaiman dalili, wanda za'a iya canza shi zuwa wani abu na gaba ɗaya.

Wata kalmar kuma da nake tunawa da ita shine «Mac ya dace da shi, Windows yana dacewa da tsarinku kuma kuna daidaita Linux da abubuwan da kuke so«... wannan shine ɗayan abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Linux, wanda bai dace da kai ba, zaka daidaita shi gwargwadon yadda kake so da kuma matakin da kake so, ta yadda wani abin ban mamaki zai faru a wannan duniyar, kuma wannan rarrabawa Linux na iya zuwa don wakiltar abubuwan da kuka dace da su, abubuwan dandano da ɗabi'arku Ta yaya? ta hanyoyi dubu ...

Akwai mutanen da, alal misali, kamar komai ya yi aiki a karon farko, suna son kayan rubutu kuma suna iya samun komai kusa da dannawa, mutane kamar ni waɗanda suke tunanin cewa ya fi dacewa lokacin da za ku iya yin abubuwa cikin sauri ba tare da ma ba bikin da yawa kuma yana da kyau, masu amfani kamar wannan sune waɗanda muke amfani dasu gaba ɗaya Ubuntu ko kowane mai amfani da ya dace da distro.

Akwai wasu waɗanda suka fi son matsakaicin sauƙi da rashin ƙarfi kaɗan, suna son haske, sauri, mai karɓa da ingantaccen tsarin; babu aikace-aikacen da basa amfani dashi ko wani abu mai nauyi sosai, sun gwammace yin abubuwa da hannu kuma a can muna da masu amfani da archlinux o Gentoo.

Kuma akwai wadanda suka ce «Na fi son tsohon amma barga«, An san mu kamar Debiyawa (xD), waɗanda da gaske basu damu ba idan suna da tsofaffin sigar na wasu shirye-shiryen muddin yana aiki mai kyau a garesu kuma ba mai karko bane.

Kuma waɗannan misalai ne kawai na dubun dubatar damar yin amfani da Linux, distro ba zai iya daidaitawa ba amma zai wakilce ku.

A taƙaice, distros ƙirƙirar duniya mai ban sha'awa mai yuwuwa, kuma har yanzu ba mu daɗa zurfafawa cikin nau'ikan Linux; abin da ya zo a cikin ɗayan ɓangaren shine sararin yanayin yanayin tebur.

Daga yanzu, ra'ayoyin naku ne.