Linux Kernel: Kernel Basics
Yau, "Linux Kernel" ya riga ya sama da shekaru 30 da tarawa fiye da miliyan 30 layin code. Kuma kamar yadda muka sanar anan da sauran rukunin yanar gizon Linux, kwanan nan ya bar baya da haɓakar sa serie na 5, barin komai, har yau, a cikin kwaya 5.15.78 (LongTerm) tare da dogon lokaci goyon baya. Da kuma kernel 5.19.17 (EOL), wanda ke nuna ƙarshen rayuwa mai amfani na jerin, don haka ba zai sami ƙarin gyare-gyaren kwaro ba.
Alhali, dangane da nasa serie na 6, a halin yanzu akwai 2 rassan a cikin cikakken ci gaba. Daya, da barga, wakilta ta kwaya 6.0.8 (Stable), da sauran, da babban layin ci gaba, wakilta ta Kwayar 6.1-RC4. Kuma, tun da akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a sani, a yau za mu ɗan ɗan yi zurfi cikin abubuwan yau da kullun da mahimmanci dangane da Kernels na tsarin aiki, da Linux Kernel. Domin rubutu na gaba don zuwa yin aiki akansa. More musamman, game da yadda ake tattara ɗaya kai tsaye akan GNU/Linux Distros ɗin mu.
Haɗin Rust a cikin Linux ya sami babban karbuwa daga al'umma da masu haɓakawa
Kuma, kafin ka fara karanta wannan post game da "Linux Kernel" Gabaɗaya, za mu bar wasu hanyoyin haɗi zuwa abubuwan da suka shafi baya don karantawa:
Linux Kernel: Jigon tsarin aiki
Duk game da Linux Kernel
Game da Kernel gabaɗaya
- Kalmar "Kernel" Yana da asalin harshe a tushen asalin Jamusanci da aka rubuta da "Kern", wanda aka fassara da aminci a matsayin tsakiya.
- "Kernel" shine tsakiya ko cibiyar tsarin aiki na gargajiya, kuma ba su kadai ba. Saboda haka, ba iri ɗaya ba ne amma ra'ayoyi masu alaƙa ko ma'amala.
- Wannan bangare ne na software a cikin Operating System wanda ke gudana a yanayin gata. Dalilin da ya sa, software na Operating System ne ke sauƙaƙe don cewa shirye-shirye daban-daban na iri ɗaya ko sanya su, suna samun amintaccen damar yin amfani da kayan aikin jiki (hardware) na kayan aiki ko na'ura, don samun nasara mai inganci da ingantaccen sarrafawa. samuwa albarkatun.
- A cikin «Kernels, yawanci akwai abubuwa ko sassa, kamar: "Kernel Space", wanda shine bangaren OS wanda ke gudanar da manyan gata; da "User Space", wanda yawanci yana gudana tare da ƙananan gata don ƙyale aikace-aikace suyi aiki.
- "Kernel" yana da alhakin samun dama da raba kayan aikin a amince da adalci tare da aikace-aikacen masu amfani da yawa. Hakan ya faru ne saboda tana ba da saitin “APIs”, waɗanda aikace-aikace sukan buƙata, ta hanyar abin da aka sani da “System Calls”. Bugu da ƙari kuma, waɗannan “APIs” suna wakiltar iyaka wanda hanyoyin tafiyar da ayyukan ke canzawa daga “Yanayin Mai amfani” zuwa “Yanayin Kernel”.
Nau'in kwaya da aka sani
- Daga cikin Nau'in kwaya sani sune kamar haka:
- Olan Mulki: Shin waɗanda ba su da kariya ta hanyar shiga tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Subsystem daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa shi, kuma a cikin su za a iya kiran ayyukan jama'a kai tsaye a tsakanin mabambantan Subsystems. Waɗannan yawanci manya ne kuma masu sarƙaƙiya, kuma suna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar duk ayyukan OS, wato, ba modular ba ne. Saboda haka, suna da mafi girma aiki fiye da ɗaya daga cikin nau'in Microkernel, amma sun fi wuya idan ya zo ga gudanar da kowane canje-canje a kai.
- micro kernel: Shin waɗanda manyan sassansa ke da kariya daga juna, yawanci suna aiki azaman sabis a cikin sararin mai amfani. Sakamakon haka, ana aiwatar da mahimman sassanta a Yanayin Mai amfani, yayin da ragowar lambar da aka aiwatar a Yanayin Kernel ya fi ƙanƙanta. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan nau'in Kernel, don haka, yana ƙunshe da isassun lambobi kawai don ba da damar isar da sakonni tsakanin matakai daban-daban na gudana.
- Haɗin kai: Shin waɗanda ke da, a lokaci guda, ikon karba da zaɓar abin da kuke son aiwatarwa a cikin Yanayin Mai amfani da Yanayin Kernel. Wanda ke ba su damar bayar da mafi kyawun nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu da aka ambata a sama. Duk da haka, wannan yawanci yana haifar da babban nauyin aiki akan masana'antun kayan aikin, tun da alhakin aikin da ya dace na direbobi zai dogara a kansu. Bugu da ƙari, yawanci suna gabatar da matsalolin latency, kamar yadda a cikin Microkernels.
Game da Linux Kernel
A cewar labarin Richard Stallman da kansa da ake kira Linux da tsarin GNU, Linux Kernel an bayyana shi kamar haka:
"Linux ita ce kernel: tsarin tsarin da ke da alhakin rarraba albarkatun na'ura ga sauran shirye-shiryen da mai amfani ke gudanarwa. Kwaya wani muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin aiki, amma mara amfani da kanta, yana iya aiki a cikin tsarin cikakken tsarin aiki. Linux yawanci ana amfani dashi a hade tare da tsarin aiki na GNU: gaba dayan tsarin shine GNU tare da ƙarin Linux, watau GNU/Linux. Duk rarrabawa mai suna "Linux" ainihin GNU/Linux rabawa ne.".
wasu Muhimman bayanai game da Linux Kernel Su ne masu biyowa:
- Duk fayiloli da bayanai game da Linux Kernel ana sarrafa a cikin ku shafin yanar gizo. Kuma daga nan, za ku iya shiga wasu muhimman gidajen yanar gizo masu alaka da ci gabansa.
- An Sanar da Farkon Ci gaban Linux ɗin da ba na hukuma ba (Sigar 0.01), a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1991, na Linus Torvalds (LT), dalibi (dan shekaru 23) na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Helsinki, Finland.
- Linux Kernel ya tabbatar yana iyawa, a yau, don girma da daidaitawa zuwa sababbin abubuwa da ci gaban fasaha, a duk sassan rayuwar fasahar zamani, da sauri fiye da kowane irin wannan.
- Nasarar sa koyaushe yana da alaƙa da falsafar yanci da buɗe ido, tun daga halittarsa har zuwa ci gaba na ƙarshe na zamanin da yake yanzu, yana daidaitawa da ƙa'idodin "Copyleft" na "Free Software Foundation (FSF)", da kuma juzu'ai na Babban Lasisin Jama'a (GNU-GPL) ).
- A halin yanzu, ci gabanta ya kasu kashi da yawa, waɗanda aka sani da: Pre-Launch (Prepatch), Mainline (Mainline), Stable (Stable) da Longterm (Longterm). Wanne, za mu yi bayani dalla-dalla a ci gaba da wannan post ɗin, inda kuma za mu koyar da yadda ake haɗa ɗaya akan Debian GNU/Linux.
Tsaya
A takaice, tabbas yanzu mutane da yawa za su sami kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da duk abin da ke kewaye da Kwayoyin Tsarin Ayyukada kuma "Linux kernel" musamman. Ko da yake, idan wani ya san wani bayani mai mahimmanci, tarihi ko fasaha, ko yana da wani bayani ko gyara ga abin da aka bayar a nan, kuna maraba da ku ta hanyar yin sharhi.
Kuma a, kun ji daɗin wannan littafin, kada ku daina yin tsokaci game da shi da kuma raba shi ga wasu. Hakanan, ku tuna ziyartar mu «shafin gida» don bincika ƙarin labarai, da shiga tashar tashar mu ta hukuma Telegram na DesdeLinux, Yamma rukuni don ƙarin bayani kan batun yau.