Umurnin Linux: Mafi mahimmanci don ƙwarewa a cikin shekara ta 2023

Umurnin Linux: Mafi mahimmanci don ƙwarewa a cikin shekara ta 2023

En Afrilu 2018 mun yi ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani game da wasu mafi mahimmanci "Dokokin Linux" a wancan lokacin, da yadda abin ya kasance har yau kusan shekaru 5 (Fabrairu 2023), mun ga dacewa, sabuntawa da inganta abubuwan da aka faɗi.

Don haka mun zaba Dokoki 60 daga cikin ɗaruruwan da akwai, don tabbatar da cewa duk wani novice da mafari mai amfani zai iya samun ra'ayin waɗanne umarni don koyo tare da fifiko domin a hankali ya mallaki ilimin. Linux m.

Amma, kafin fara wannan matsayi mai ban sha'awa game da mafi mahimmanci "Dokokin Linux" don sani, koyo da ƙwarewa a lokacin shekara 2023, muna ba da shawarar littafin da ya gabata, don karantawa:

Labari mai dangantaka:

Wasu Dokokin Asali Kowane Sabon shiga Ya Kamata Ya Koyi

Linux 2023 umarni: Jerin don ƙware Terminal

Jerin umarnin Linux masu amfani guda 60 na shekara ta 2023

Umarni 15 don samun damar fayiloli

1. pwd: Nuna wurin directory inda muke a halin yanzu.
2. ls: Nuna lissafin fayiloli da kundayen adireshi da ke ƙunshe a cikin ƙayyadaddun kundin adireshi.
3. cd: Canja daga kundin adireshi na yanzu zuwa wani.
4. mkdir: Ƙirƙiri sabon kundin adireshi.
5. touch: Ƙirƙirar sabon fayil ko canza dama/ kwanan wata gyara zuwa wani.
6. cp: Kwafi fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi.
7. mv: Matsar da fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi. Kuma ko da canza sunan idan ya cancanta.
8. rm: Share fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi.
9. rmdir: Share directory guda ɗaya, in dai babu komai.
10. cat: Nuna abun ciki na kowane nau'in fayil akan allon.
11. head: Nuna ƴan layukan farko na fayil, ƙayyadaddun adadin layukan nunawa.
12. tail: Nuna ƴan layukan ƙarshe na fayil, ƙayyadaddun adadin layin da za a nuna.
13. less: Bincika cikin abubuwan da ke cikin fayil tare.
14. more: Bincika cikin abun ciki na fayil tare.
15. grep: Bincika kuma nuna kirtani a cikin fayiloli ko cikin fitarwar umarni.

11 Umarni don sarrafa tsarin aiki

1. uname: Nuna bayanai game da OS, gami da Kernel ɗin da aka ɗora a halin yanzu.
2. df: Nuna bayani game da SA, Partitions da kuma amfani da sararin samaniya na yanzu.
3. free: Nuna bayanai daban-daban game da amfanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na OS da aka sarrafa.
4. top: Nuna tafiyar matakai, ƙarin bayani game da CPU, RAM da ƙari.
5. htop: Mai kama da babban umarni, amma tare da sabuntawa, haɓakawa, da mu'amala na gani na CLI.
6. ps: Nuna tafiyar matakai a cikin OS a cikin daki-daki kuma ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba.
7. kill: KUMAkashe tafiyar matakai, ta yin amfani da adadin matakai (PID) da aka sanya.
8. shutdown: Sarrafa OS don aiwatar da ayyuka, kamar: Kashe shi, Sake kunna shi, kuma Dakatar da shi.
9. reboot: Wani sabon kuma ingantaccen sigarumarnin kashewa, tare da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka akwai.
10. uptime: Duba tsawon lokacin da OS ke gudana tun lokacin taya ta ƙarshe.
11. last: Nuna lissafin shiga kwanan nan (mai amfani) zuwa tsarin aiki.

Umarni 10 don sarrafa bayanin abubuwan HW da na'urori

1. lsblk: Nuna bayani game da duk na'urorin ajiya da ake da su.
   
2. fdisk: Gudanar (yana ƙirƙira, sharewa da gyarawa) ɓangarori akan na'urorin da ake da su.
3. mount: tafiya (conecta) tsarin fayil a saman kundin adireshin na'urar da ke akwai.
4. umount: Cire (Cire haɗin) tsarin fayil da aka sarrafa tare da umarnin umount.
5. hdparm: Sarrafa sigogin hardware na na'urorin faifai da ke akwai.
6. lshw: Duba bayanan OS HW, gami da bayani game da na'urori na yanzu.
7. lsusb: Duba takamaiman bayani game da na'urorin USB na yanzu a cikin OS.
8. lspci: Nuna takamaiman bayani game da na'urorin PCI na yanzu a cikin OS.
9. lscpu: Nuna takamaiman bayani game da CPU da ake amfani da su a cikin OS da gine-ginensa.
   
10. dmesg: Nuna bayanan cikin gida wanda aka sarrafa Kernel, gami da wanda ke da alaƙa da HW.

14 Umarni don sarrafa bayanai na abubuwa da tafiyar matakai na Cibiyar sadarwa

1. ip: Sarrafa duk bayanan da ke da alaƙa da mu'amalar hanyar sadarwa, a cikin OS na zamani.
2. ifconfig: Sarrafa duk bayanan da ke da alaƙa da mu'amalar hanyar sadarwa a cikin tsohuwar OS.
3. iwconfig: Sarrafa bayanan da ke da alaƙa da mu'amalar mara waya ta OS.
4. nmcli: Sarrafa bayanan musaya na cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar Network Manager.
5. wpa_cli: Sarrafa bayanan musaya na cibiyar sadarwa mara waya ta WPASupplicant.
6. ping: Tabbatar da haɗin kai na yanzu zuwa wasu runduna akan hanyar sadarwa ta amfani da ka'idar ICMP.
7. route: Sarrafa tebur na'ura mai ba da hanya ta IP don kafa tsayayyen hanyoyi zuwa runduna da cibiyoyin sadarwa.
8. traceroute: KUMAhanya fakitin bayanai daga wannan tsarin zuwa wani runduna ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa.
9. nslookup: CBincika bayanan DNS game da sauran runduna, ta hanyar mu'amala.
10. dig: Shawara Sabar sunan DNS don magance matsalar DNS.
    
11. netstat: Duba bayani game da haɗin yanar gizon da ke aiki a halin yanzu akan tsarin, da ƙari.
12. iptables: Sarrafa da Linux kernel IPv4 da IPv6 fakiti tace tebur tsarin mulki.
13. resolvctl: Sarrafa sunayen yanki, adiresoshin IPv4/IPv6, da kuma bayanan albarkatun DNS.
14. mii-tool: Sarrafa matsayin naúrar hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta ta hanyar sadarwa (MII). don yin shawarwari ta atomatik saurin hanyar haɗin gwiwa da saitunan duplex.

10 Umarni don gudanar da tafiyar matakai da bayanan da suka danganci su

1. fg: Kunna a cikin wani tsari aiwatar da aiwatar da shi a gaba (gaba).
2. bg: Kunna a cikin wani tsari aiwatar da aiwatar da shi a bango (bayan baya).
3. pstree: Nuna jerin matakai a cikin nau'i na itace, yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin su.
4. nice: Saita fifikon tafiyar matakai a cikin OS.
5. renice: Canja fifikon matakai, saita tare da kyakkyawan umarni.
6. nohup: Gudanar da tsari a bango (bayan baya) ba tare da an shafe shi ba siginar HUP.
7. disown: DCire haɗin hanyoyin da ke gudana a bango da kuma tashar da ke tafiyar da su.
8. fork: Craya tafiyar matakai (yara) daga kwafi kiran wani tsari (iyaye).
   
9. pidfd_open: Sauƙaƙe da samun bayanin fayil wanda ke nufin tsari.
10. clone:Gaiwatar da spawn (yaro) daidai da wanda aka yi amfani da shi tare da umarnin "cokali mai yatsa", amma tare da bambancin cewa, waɗannan kiran tsarin suna ba da iko mafi kyau akan abin da ake so.

Ya zuwa yanzu, mu 60 Ideal Dokokin Linux don sani, koyo da amfani don wannan shekara ta 2023. Koyaya, idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da kowane ɗayan waɗannan, kawai danna sunan kowane umarni. Kuma rashin hakan, don waɗannan da sauransu, zaku iya bincika sashin hukuma kai tsaye a cikin Debian GNU/Linux Manpages, wanda ke da takardu da yawa a cikin harsuna daban-daban.

Labari mai dangantaka:

Umarni don kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku a cikin Linux

Tsaya

A taƙaice, muna fatan wannan tari mai amfani akan mafi mahimmanci "Dokokin Linux" don sani, koyo da ƙwarewa a lokacin shekara 2023, zai ba da damar mutane da yawa su iya farawa da kyau a kan madaidaiciyar hanya don rike da GNU/Linux Terminal (Console).

A ƙarshe, kar ku manta da bayar da gudummawar ra'ayoyin ku kan batun yau, ta hanyar sharhi. Kuma idan kuna son wannan post, kar a daina raba shi ga wasu. Hakanan, ku tuna ziyarci shafinmu na gida en «DesdeLinux» don bincika ƙarin labarai, kuma ku shiga tashar mu ta hukuma Telegram na DesdeLinux, Yamma rukuni don ƙarin bayani kan batun yau.