Mai amfani da yawa: yadda ake sa mutane da yawa suyi amfani da PC ɗaya a lokaci guda

Shin kun taɓa yin tunani game da ɗimbin ɓarnatar da albarkatun da ake nufi, misali a ofis, don samun injunan zamani da yawa da ke aiki kawai don buɗe aikace-aikacen tebur? Solutionaya daga cikin mafita ita ce ta "sake amfani da" komfuta da amfani da tsofaffin inji. Tabbas, wannan tabbas ba zai so mutane da yawa ba. Koyaya, akwai mafita ta biyu, wacce ba a santa sosai ba wanda zai iya sa kowa farin ciki.Jiya ina tunani daidai game da wannan batun. Tare da babban ci gaban fasaha, madadin mai ban sha'awa na iya kasancewa don haɗawa da masu sa ido da yawa, ɓeraye da mabuɗan maɓalli zuwa PC ɗaya, yana bawa dukkan masu amfani damar amfani da albarkatun wannan PC ɗin don haka samar da mahimmin ajiyar tattalin arziki da raguwa a cikin sawun carbon. Baya ga neman hanyar haɗi da komai, tambayar ta kasance ta yadda za a yi aiki da tsarin aiki da kansa ga kowane mai amfani. Bari mu ga abin da Linux zai iya yi don taimaka mana. 🙂

Gabatarwar

Tare da karuwar karuwar karfin kayan aiki, duka cikin masu sarrafawa da tunatarwa, gami da saurin ci gaba da bunkasa tsarin GNU / Linux, da ƙaruwa da ƙwarewa tare da kyakkyawar kula da albarkatu, ana iya yin ayyuka da yawa akan kwamfutar. . Koyaya, yayin amfani da daidaitaccen daidaitaccen PC na tebur, mai amfani ɗaya ne zai iya amfani da kwamfutar a lokaci guda, yana iyakance ingancin tsarin yayin da yake ya kasance rago mafi yawan lokuta, yana kiyaye albarkatunsa marasa aiki.

Tare da daidaitawar mai amfani da yawa, masu amfani da yawa zasu iya raba albarkatun kwamfutar guda ɗaya, don haka za a yi amfani da kashi mafi yawa na ƙarfinsa gaba ɗaya, don haka samun kyakkyawan amfani da tsarin.

Misali, a tsarin al'ada, idan wani kawai yana amfani da burauzar yanar gizo ko rubuta wasika a cikin mai sarrafa kalma, ko aiki tare da falle-falle, ko tare da tsarin biyan kudi, lissafi, ko kuma lissafin kudi, kungiyar ta barnata, a matsayin ba a amfani da babban ɓangaren ƙarfin tsarin. Amma tare da daidaitattun tashoshi da yawa, wasu mutane za su iya amfani da albarkatun da in ba haka ba za su yi aikin banza.

Koyaya idan wani yana amfani da duk albarkatun inji (tare da wasannin 3-D ko wani abu makamancin haka), sauran masu amfani zasu sami tsarin da yake da jinkiri sosai.

Wata babbar fa'idar da tazo da masarrafar mai yawa ita ce farashi: ba lallai bane a sayi katunan uwa daban daban, microprocessors, tunanin RAM, rumbun kwamfutoci, lamura, masu kula da wutar lantarki, da sauran abubuwanda ake amfani dasu don kowane mai amfani. Kuna buƙatar siyan komputa mai kyau kawai. Yawancin lokaci siyan microprocessor mai sauri yana da ƙasa da ƙasa da sayan waɗanda suke da jinkiri.

Historia

A cikin shekarun 1970, abu ne wanda ya zama ruwan dare gamawa da tashoshi da yawa, har ma da tashoshin kere-kere, zuwa babbar kwamfuta guda daya (mainframe).

Koyaya, ra'ayin yin amfani da ƙirar zamani ta X11 don tallafawa masu amfani da yawa ya bayyana a cikin 1999. Wani ɗan Brazil mai suna Miguel Freitas ne ya aiwatar da shi, ta amfani da tsarin aiki na Linux da tsarin zane-zane na X11 (a wancan lokacin XFree86 ya kiyaye). Hanyar da Freitas yayi shine faci akan sabar X don gudanar da halaye da yawa na X a lokaci guda, ta hanyar da kowannensu zai kama takamaiman abubuwan linzamin kwamfuta da abubuwan almara da abubuwan da aka zana. Wannan hanyar ta sami sunan multiseat ko multiterminal.

Bayan Freitas, sauran mafita sun bayyana a 2003, kamar na Svetoslav Slavtchev, Aivils Stoss da James Simmons waɗanda suka yi aiki a kan hanyar kusantar evdev da faketty, gyaggyara kernel na Linux da ba da damar mai amfani da ɗaya ya yi amfani da kansa inji ɗaya. A waccan lokacin, Linux Console Project shima ya zo da wata dabara ta amfani da na’ura mai kwakwalwa masu zaman kansu da yawa sannan kuma madannan mabanbanta masu yawa da beraye a cikin wani aikin da ake kira "Backstreet Ruby." Backstreet Ruby kayan kwalliyar Linux ne. Yana tura tashar itacen Ruby kernel zuwa Linux-2.4. Manufar masu haɓaka Linux Console shine haɓakawa da sake tsara abubuwan shigarwa, na'ura mai kwakwalwa, da ƙananan tsarin tsarin cikin kernel na Linux, don su iya aiki da kansu da junansu kuma su ba da damar aiki da tebur da yawa. Tunanin Backstreet Ruby bai ƙare ba.

A cikin 2005, ƙungiyar C3SL (Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Kayan Kyauta), na Jami'ar Tarayya ta Paraná da ke Brazil, sun kirkiro maganin bisa lamuran sabobin X, kamar Xnest da Xephyr. Tare da wannan bayani, kowane sabar X da ke cikin gida tana gudana akan kowane allo na mai masaukin baki X (alal misali Xorg) kuma gyarawa ga sabobin nest din yana basu damar samun kebantuwar kowane linzamin kwamfuta da kuma madannin keyboard. Waɗannan mafita sune akafi amfani dasu a yau saboda kwanciyar hankali. A cikin 2008, ƙungiyar C3SL ta ƙaddamar da Manajan Nunin Multiseat (MDM) don sauƙaƙe aikin girkawa da daidaita akwatin multiseat. Hakanan a cikin 2008, wannan rukunin ya ɗauki LiveCD don dalilai na gwaji.

Bukatun

Yana da mahimmanci a sami kwamfuta tare da katako mai kyau, CPU mai ƙarfi da adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (512 MB ko fiye). Wannan zai dogara da adadin matsayin da kake son haɗawa.

Don masu amfani da yawa suyi aiki akan kwamfuta, masu saka idanu da yawa, mabuɗan maɓalli da ɓeraye suna buƙatar haɗa su da ita. Misali, don ƙirƙirar multitminal mai tashar 4 (don masu amfani 4), ana buƙatar masu saka idanu 4, mabuɗan maɓalli 4, da ɓeraye XNUMX.

Kowane mai saka idanu yana buƙatar haɗa shi da fitowar bidiyo. Wasu katunan bidiyo suna da kayan aiki da yawa kuma suna tallafawa masu saka idanu da yawa. Additionari akan haka, ana iya sanya yawancin waɗannan katunan bidiyo a cikin kwamfuta, amma yawancin injunan zamani suna da filin PCIe ko AGP kawai, don haka, gaba ɗaya, waɗannan katunan dole ne su kasance PCI.

Yawancin kwamfutoci suna da mai haɗa PS / 2 ɗaya kawai don keyboard da kuma ɗaya don linzamin kwamfuta, don haka haɗa manyan maɓallan maɓalli da ɓeraye dole ne a yi amfani da masu haɗin USB da USB HUBs.

A takaice:

• Ina lissafi tare da motherboard, CPU mai ƙarfi, da adadi mai kyau na RAM.
• HDD.
• Cardsarin katunan bidiyo na PCI / AGP / PCI-E.
• Daban-daban PS / 2 / USB keyboards.
• Mahara PS / 2 / USB beraye.
• Optionally, da dama sauti cards.
• Rarraba GNU / Linux da aka fi so.
• Xorg 6.9 ko mafi girma.

Amfanin

Tsarin jigilar-yanki yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci, gami da:

• Ajiye sarari da tsada a cikin kwamfutoci.
• Adanawa akan lasisin software.
• Mafi kyawun amfani da kayan sarrafa kwamfuta.
• Energyananan amfani da makamashi.
• Maintenanceananan kuɗin kulawa.

Yana amfani

Ana iya amfani da kwamfuta mai amfani da yawa a wuraren da akwai mutane da yawa da ke aiki kusa da juna, kamar a cikin laburaren komputa, shagunan yanar gizo, kumbura a ofishi, sassan sabis na abokan ciniki, da sauransu. Wasu daga waɗannan wuraren sune:

• Makaranta.
• Jami’o’i
• Ofisoshi.
• Cafe na Intanet.
• Dakunan karatu.
• Asibitoci.
• Gidaje.

Aiwatarwa

A halin yanzu, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kera manyan injina, kuma ana ci gaba da samun sabbin hanyoyi koyaushe. Babu "mafi kyawun sigar," amma wasu sifofin sun fi na wasu kyau.

GNU / Linux

A cikin tsarin aiki irin na Unix, kamar GNU / Linux, ana aiwatar da ma'amala tare da mai amfani ta hanyar X Window. Wannan tsarin yana dogara ne akan gine-ginen abokin ciniki, inda abokin ciniki ke aika buƙatu zuwa uwar garken kuma yana karɓar abubuwan daga na'urori masu shigarwa (mabuɗin da mice). X sabobin suna da ma'anar albarkatu, kamar na'urar shigarwa ko taga, wanda aka baiwa abokan cinikin su. Waɗannan albarkatun suna da alaƙa da allo, wanda ke mallakar mai amfani. Sabili da haka, GNU / Linux mai tushen multiterminal dole ne ya samar da allo ga kowane mai amfani.

Sabis na Xorg, sabon aiwatar da sabar X, baya goyan bayan nuni da yawa. Wannan ya bi samfurin komputa na sirri, wanda ke ɗaukar mai amfani ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda. Ana aiwatar da shigarwar bayanan sa akan daidaitaccen shigar Kernel, wanda ake kira tashoshin kamala (VT). Wadannan sunaye haka saboda suna kwaikwayon tsoffin hanyoyin shigar da tsohon Mainframes. Ana aiwatar da VT sosai ta amfani da software, ana kwaikwayon TTY, na'urar da aka haɗa ta tashar jiragen ruwa. Kernel na Linux yana goyan bayan tashoshi da yawa, amma zasu iya karɓar abubuwan daga labule ɗaya kawai lokaci ɗaya. Idan an haɗa maballin sama da ɗaya zuwa kwamfutar, za a aika abubuwan da ke faruwa zuwa VT mai aiki. Wannan yana cire yiwuwar gudanar da sabobin 2 ko fiye da X, tunda suna iya kunna sabar ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda, koda kuwa suna amfani da katunan bidiyo daban. Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, an ƙirƙiri wasu hanyoyin daban daban, waɗanda aka jera anan cikin tsarin jerin abubuwa:

• Multiterminal tare da jan yaƙutu (amfani da faci zuwa kwaya).
• Multiterminal tare da evdev (yarjejeniya).
• Multiterminal tare da faketty (samfurin kernel).
• Multiterminal tare da Xnest.
• Multiterminal tare da Xephyr (ci gaba ne zuwa na baya).

Mafi amfani dasu sune faketty da Xephyr. Maganin Xephyr shine kayan aikin kayan masarufi, yayin da faketty ke aiki ne kawai tare da takamaiman takamaiman katunan bidiyo kamar na NVIDIA da SiS.

Idan kuna sha'awar aiwatar da tsarin mai amfani da yawa ta amfani da Linux, Ina matuƙar ba da shawarar karanta Xephyr jagora, watakila mafi kyawun madadin har yanzu. Har ila yau, muna da sa'a cewa wannan littafin ya zama cikakke a cikin Mutanen Espanya!

Windows

Don Windows 2000, XP, da Vista tsarin aiki, akwai samfuran kasuwanci da yawa waɗanda ke ba da izinin aiwatar da daidaitawar multiseat don tashoshin aiki biyu ko sama da haka. Daga cikin waɗannan kayayyakin akwai ASTER, BeTwin, da SoftXpand.

Success labaru

Paraná Digital aikin

Ofaya daga cikin nasarorin da masanan ke samu yana faruwa ne a cikin Paraná Digital Project, wanda ke ƙirƙirar dakin gwaje-gwaje a makarantun gwamnati 2.000 a jihar Paraná, Brazil. Fiye da masu amfani da miliyan 1.5 za su ci gajiyar lokacin da aikin ya ƙare, kuma za a sami tashoshi 40.000. Laburaren zasu sami 4-kai multiterminals masu gudana Debian. Kudin duk kayan aiki bai kai kashi 50% na farashi ba, ƙari ma baza a sami kuɗi don software ba. Wannan aikin ya haɓaka ta Centro de Computação Científica e Software Livre (C3SL). Ba a gama aikin ba tukuna, amma fa'idodin manyan tashoshi suna da kyau ƙwarai.

Sanannun wurare

A watan Fabrairun 2009, Userful ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da aikin ƙera tebur mafi girma a duniya, tare da tebur tebur 356.800 a makarantu a faɗin Brazil. Wannan aikin shine aiwatar da aikace-aikacen multiseat na tushen kasuwanci na Linux.

NComputing ya samar da gurabe 180.000 ga daliban makarantar firamare a Jamhuriyar Makedoniya.

Source: wikipedia.