Kwanaki kaɗan da suka gabata Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasar Amurka. (NIST) ya fito ta hanyar sanarwas masu nasara na "crypto algorithms mai juriya ga zaɓi a cikin kwamfutar ƙididdiga.
An shirya gasar shekaru shida da suka gabata kuma yana da nufin zaɓar algorithms na bayanan ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga dace da gabatarwa a matsayin ma'auni. A yayin gasar, ƙwararrun masana masu zaman kansu sun yi nazarin algorithms da ƙungiyoyin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa suka gabatar don neman lahani da rauni.
Mai nasara daga cikin algorithms na duniya waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don kare watsa bayanai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta CRYSTALS-Kyber, wanda ƙarfinsa shine ƙananan ƙananan girman maɓalli da babban gudu.
A cikin talla Ana ba da shawarar CRYSTALS-Kyber don canzawa zuwa ma'auni. Baya ga CRYSTALS-Kyber, wasu algorithms guda huɗu da aka saba amfani da su, BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC, da SIKE, an gano suna buƙatar haɓakawa.
Marubutan waɗannan algorithms suna da damar sabunta ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kuma kawar da gazawa a cikin aiwatarwa har zuwa Oktoba 1, bayan haka kuma ana iya haɗa su a cikin ƴan wasan ƙarshe.
Bayan yin la'akari da kyau yayin zagaye na uku na tsarin daidaita ma'aunin NIST PQC, NIST ta gano algorithms na ɗan takara guda huɗu don daidaitawa. Babban algorithms waɗanda NIST ke ba da shawarar aiwatarwa don yawancin lokuta masu amfani sune CRYSTALS-KYBER (kafa maɓalli) da CRYSTALS-Dilithium (sa hannu na dijital). Bugu da kari, za a daidaita tsarin sa hannun Falcon da SPHINCS+.
Daga cikin algorithms da aka tsara don yin aiki tare da sa hannu na dijital, CRYSTALS -Dilithium, FALCON da SPHINCS + sun fito waje. Algorithms na CRYSTALS-Dilithium da FALCON suna da inganci sosai.
Ana ba da shawarar CRYSTALS-Dilithium azaman babban algorithm don sa hannun dijital, yayin da FALCON ke mai da hankali kan mafita waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin girman sa hannu. SPHINCS+ ya koma bayan algorithms biyu na farko dangane da girman sa hannu da sauri, amma an bar shi a matsayin madadin a tsakanin 'yan wasan karshe, tunda ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin lissafi mabanbanta.
Musamman, algorithms CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium da FALCON suna amfani da hanyoyin ɓoyewa bisa ka'idar hanyar sadarwa ta warware matsalar., wanda lokacin maganinsa bai bambanta ba a cikin kwamfutoci na al'ada da kuma adadi. Algorithm na SPHINCS+ yana amfani da dabarun ɓoye na tushen zanta.
Algorithms na duniya waɗanda suka rage don bita suma sun dogara ne akan wasu ƙa'idodi: BIKE da HQC suna amfani da abubuwa na ka'idar coding algebraic da lambobin layi, waɗanda kuma ake amfani da su a cikin tsare-tsaren gyara kuskure.
CRYSTALS-KYBER (keying) da CRYSTALS-Dilithium (sa hannu na dijital) an zaɓi su don ƙarfin tsaro da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma NIST ana sa ran yin aiki mai kyau a yawancin aikace-aikacen. Falcon kuma za a daidaita shi ta NIST, saboda ana iya samun lokuta masu amfani inda sa hannun CRYstals-Dilithium ya yi yawa. Bugu da ƙari, SPHINCS+ za a daidaita shi don guje wa dogaro da tsaro kawai don sa hannu. NIST tana buƙatar sharhin jama'a akan sigar SPHINCS+ tare da ƙaramin adadin mafi girman sa hannu.
NIST na da niyyar ƙara daidaita ɗayan waɗannan algorithms don samar da madadin ka'idar da aka riga aka zaɓa ta tushen CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm.
Algorithm na SIKE yana dogara ne akan amfani da isogeny supersingular ( madauwari a cikin jadawali na isogenic jadawali) kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗan takara don daidaitawa, saboda yana da ƙaramin maɓalli. Algorithm na Classic McEliece yana cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara, amma har yanzu ba za a daidaita su ba saboda girman maɓalli na jama'a.
Bukatar haɓakawa da daidaita sabbin algorithms na cryptographic shine saboda gaskiyar cewa kwamfutocin ƙididdiga, waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakawa kwanan nan, suna magance matsalolin lalata lamba ta halitta zuwa manyan dalilai (RSA, DSA) da madaidaicin logarithm na maki na elliptical curve. . (ECDSA), wanda ke ƙarƙashin maɓalli na yau da kullun na asymmetric ɓoyayyen algorithms kuma ba za a iya warware su yadda ya kamata akan na'urori na gargajiya ba.
A halin yanzu matakin ci gaba, ƙarfin kwamfutocin ƙididdiga ba su isa ba don karya algorithms na ɓoye na zamani da sa hannu na dijital na jama'a kamar ECDSA, amma ana ɗauka cewa yanayin na iya canzawa cikin shekaru 10 kuma ya zama dole shirya tushen don canja wurin tsarin crypto zuwa sababbin ka'idoji.
Finalmente idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin sani game da shi, zaka iya duba bayanan A cikin mahaɗin mai zuwa.