'Yan kwanaki da suka gabata wakilan hukumar binciken sararin samaniya ta NASA, a cikin hira da Spectrum IEEE, ya bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da jirgin sama mai saukin ganewa mai inganci, wanda ya sami nasarar sauka a duniyar Mars a matsayin wani bangare na aikin Mars 2020.
Wani fasali na musamman na aikin ya kasance amfani da Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 SoC wanda yake da kwamiti na sarrafawa, wanda ake amfani dashi wajen samar da wayoyin zamani. Ingantaccen software ya dogara ne akan kernel na Linux da software na buɗe tushen software.
Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shine farkon amfani da Linux akan kumbon da aka tura Martkuma. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da software na buɗe ido da kayan haɗin kayan kayan kasuwanci yana bawa masu sha'awar sha'awa damar tara irin waɗannan jirage da kansu.
Wannan shawarar ta faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sarrafa jirgi mara matuki yana buƙatar ikon sarrafa kwamfuta sama da sarrafa rover, wanda aka kera shi da keɓaɓɓun kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da ƙarin kariya ta radiation. Misali, kiyaye jirgi yana buƙatar aiki na madafin sarrafawa a cikin rawanin 500 a cikin dakika ɗaya, da kuma nazarin hoto a matakin 30 a kowace dakika.
Snapdragon 801 SoC (Quad Core 2,26GHz, 2GB RAM, Flash 32GB) ana amfani dashi don samar da mahimmin tsarin tsarin Linux, wanda ke da alhakin ayyuka na babban matakin kamar kewayawa na gani dangane da nazarin hoton kyamara, gudanar da bayanai, sarrafa umarni, samar da telemetry da kuma kiyaye tashoshin sadarwa mara waya.
Mai aiwatarwa haɗi ta hanyar haɗin UART zuwa ƙananan masu sarrafawa guda biyu (MCU Texas Instruments TMS570LC43x, ARM Cortex-R5F, 300 MHz, 512 KB RAM, 4 MB Flash, UART, SPI, GPIO) waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyukan sarrafa jirgin.
Ana amfani da microcontrollers guda biyu don sakewa idan akwai gazawa da karɓar bayanai iri ɗaya daga na'urori masu auna sigina. Mai sarrafawa ɗaya ne kawai ke aiki, na biyu kuma ana amfani dashi azaman kayan ajiya kuma idan aka sami gazawa yana iya ɗaukar iko. FPGA MicroSemi ProASIC3L ke da alhakin canja wurin bayanai daga firikwensin zuwa masu sarrafawa da kuma yin hulɗa tare da masu motsa jiki waɗanda ke kula da ruwan wukake, wanda kuma ya sauya zuwa mai maye gurbin microcontroller idan ya gaza.
Daga cikin ƙungiyar, jirgi mara matuki yana amfani da altimeter mai haske na SparkFun Electronics, kamfanin samarda kayan masarufi kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kirkiri ma'anar kayan budewa (OSHW). Daga cikin sauran abubuwan da aka saba da su, gyrostabilizer (IMU) da kyamarorin bidiyo da ake amfani da su a wayowin komai da ruwan ka sun yi fice.
Ana amfani da kyamarar VGA don bin wuri, shugabanci da saurin ta hanyar kwatancen kwatankwacin-tsari. Ana amfani da kyamarar launi ta 13 megapixel ta biyu don ƙirƙirar hotunan yankin.
Kawo enuwarewa zuwa Mars a yanki ɗaya kuma saukar dashi ƙasa koda sau ɗaya babbar nasara ce ga NASA, JPL's Tim Canham ya gaya mana.
Canham ya taimaka wajen haɓaka tsarin gine-ginen software wanda ke gudanar da Inganci. A matsayinsa na Jagoran Gudanar da Inganci, yanzu yana mai da hankali kan tsara jirgin da daidaitawa tare da ƙungiyar Rover Perseverance. Mun yi magana da Canham don ƙarin fahimtar yadda Ingancin zai dogara ga ikon cin gashin kai don jiragen da ke zuwa Mars.
An haɓaka kayan haɗin komputa na sarrafawa a NASA's JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) don ƙanana da ƙananan ƙaramin tauraron ɗan adam na wucin gadi (cubsats) kuma an haɓaka su tsawon shekaru a matsayin ɓangare na buɗewar dandamali F Prime (F´), an rarraba a ƙarƙashin Apache 2.0 lasisi.
F Prime yana samar da kayan aikin don saurin ci gaban tsarin sarrafa jirgin da aikace-aikacen da aka saka. An rarraba software ta Jirgi zuwa ɓangarorin mutum tare da ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa.
Baya ga keɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka ƙera, an samar da tsarin C ++ tare da aiwatar da fasali kamar jerin gwanon saƙo da zare da yawa, da kayan aikin ƙirar kayan aiki waɗanda ke ba ku damar haɗa abubuwan haɗin da samar da lambar ta atomatik.
Finalmente idan kuna sha'awar ƙarin sani game da shi, zaka iya tuntuba mahada mai zuwa.