Akan lasisi da cutarwar tushen tushe

Kwanan nan nayi rubutu akan dandalin tattaunawa game da wannan hoton da na nuna muku

Game da software na kyauta da software na mallaka, yayi gaskiya. Amma hangen nesan sa na bude hanya kamar ni yake (a ganina) ƙari. Da farko zan jera ka'idojin da lasisi zai kasance dasu da za a yi la'akari da tushen buɗewa:

1) Kada ku takura cewa kowa na iya siyarwa ko bayar da software, kuma kar a buƙaci tarin masarauta idan za'a siyar dashi.

2) Shirin dole ne ya haɗa da lambar tushe kuma ya ba da izinin rarraba shi a duka tushen da kuma lambar haɗin da aka tattara (a cikin batun na ƙarshe, dole ne a sami hanyar samun dama ga lambar kuma ba ta wuce tsada ba).

3) Dole ne ku ba da izinin gyare-gyare da ayyukan haɓaka kuma ku ba da izinin rarraba su a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan lasisi na asali.

4) Dole ne ya ba da izini MAI AMFANI rarraba software da aka yi da lambar da aka gyara. Kuna iya ƙuntata irin wannan rarraba KADAI idan lasisi yana ba da izinin rarraba faci tare da lambar don manufar gyaran shirin a tattara lokaci. Yana iya buƙatar cewa software da aka samo tana da suna ko sigar daban da asali.

5) Kada ku nuna bambanci ga kowane mutum ko rukuni na mutane.

6) Kada ku takura kowa daga amfani da software a wani yanki na aiki.

7) Hakki a cikin software mai lasisi ya kamata ya shafi duk wanda ya rarraba maka ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin lasisi ba.

8) Lasisin dole ne ya zama takamaiman samfur.

9) Lasisin dole ne ya taƙaita duk wasu software da aka rarraba tare da software mai lasisi.

10) Lasisin dole ne ya zama tsaka-tsakin fasaha.

Ƙarshe:
1) Haramcin amfani da kasuwanci ta hanyar bude ido shine cikakken ball, saboda ma'aunin 1.
2) Idem saboda rashin tabbacin garambawul na lambar, saboda ma'aunin 3
3) Ditto don "kawai wani lokacin" akan raba software ta asali, saboda ƙa'idodin 1, 2, 5, 6 da 7
4) Game da rashin garantin raba abubuwan gyare-gyare, wannan shine lokacin lasisi ba kwafi bane, ba saboda yana da tushe ba.
5) Fiye da kwatancen tsakanin software na kyauta da na bude, shine kwatanta tsakanin GPL da duk wani lasisi mara lasisi.

Ka tuna masu karatu da kyau: Bambanci tsakanin software kyauta da buɗaɗɗen tushe shine ra'ayi. Na farko ya kusanci komai daga mahangar 'yanci, ɗayan yana fuskantar ta daga ra'ayi fasaha-hanya.

Kuma tunda muna, zan sanya wani labarin anan amma game da lasisi. Mun riga mun ga abubuwan buƙatun waɗanda lasisin buɗe tushen tushen dole ne su samu. Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa lasisin software kyauta yana buƙatar hakan ba cika 'yanci 4. Yawancin lokaci lasisi na kyauta na kyauta shine tushen buɗe kuma akasin haka. Kuma daidai yake a cikin baya, idan ba kyauta bane, ba shine tushen tushe ba kuma akasin haka. Akwai ban ga mulki kuma sune kamar haka:

1) 4-sashin BSD (wanda kuma aka sani da asalin BSD). Ba buɗaɗɗen tushe tunda ɗayan sassanta saita talla ga ƙungiyar da ta rubuta lambar (keta ka'idar 8, ban da daidaitawar GPL). Yanayin BSD na 2 da 3 kyauta ne kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe, kuma dukansu suna dacewa da GPL.

2) La CECILL (CEA CNRS INRIA Free Logiciel) Kyauta ne kuma an yi nufin ya dace da GPLv2 amma dangane da dokar Faransa.

3) Lasisin na cryptix (wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin aikin cryptix, sananne ne saboda haɓakar rubutun kalmomin Java). 2-magana BSD ce, amma takamaiman samfurin.

4) Yi abin da fuck kuke so don Lasisin Jama'a (Lasisin yin abin da kake so da lambar tawa. Baya bukatar karin bayani) Dalilin da yasa basu sanya cewa a bude yake ba, saboda a cewar Martin Michlmayr (wanda ya yi nazarin sakin layi daya na lasisin) a Turai babu Yankin Jama'a. Af, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi shine Sam Hocevar, shugaban aikin Debian tsakanin 2007-08.

5) Lasisin Netscape. Lasisin lasisi mai ban mamaki wanda FSF ke buƙatar ka da kayi amfani dashi Ba zai taɓa yiwuwa ba, by NUNA BAMBANCI wannan yana haskakawa ga masu amfani. Wannan shine babban banbanci tsakanin wancan lasisin da lasisin Mozilla (wanda shine tushen buɗewa kuma kyauta).

6) Lasisin OpenSSL. Wannan ya hada da sashin talla, yafi saboda yana dogara ne da sigar lasisin Apache 1.0 (ba a buɗe ba) kuma ba 2.0 (buɗewa) ba.

7) Lasisin XFree86. Yayi daidai da 4 magana BSD.

8) Da Lasisin Jama'a na Musamman. Ba kamar waɗanda aka riga aka lissafa ba, lasisi ne na buɗe tushen amma ba kyauta ba. Ya yi kama da GPL takalifi - don buga duk wani gyare-gyare da kamfani yayi, kodayake wannan yana yin sa ne a ɓoye.

Yanzu, akwai wasu tambayoyi game da lasisi na kyauta da na buɗe, kamar yadda ya dace da GPL, idan kwafin mallaka ne ko a'a, ko kuma idan janar jagororin Debian ya yarda da shi. Lasisin lasisi na kyauta da na buda ido wadanda basu dace da GPL ba sune Eclipse, Mozilla (sigar kafin 2.0), Apache (iri daya da Mozilla), IBM, LaTeX, PHP da Sun da sauransu. Lasisin lasisi na kyauta da na buda ido wadanda ba mabubatar kwaya ba sune BSD, MIT, Python, PHP da Apache da Artistic da sauransu. Kuma a kan layin Debian gabaɗaya, suna ƙin lasisin GNU Free Documentation lasisi idan takaddar ta haɗa da ɓangarori mara saɓani.

Hakanan zamu iya magana game da wasu ƙuntatawa da aka yarda a cikin software ta kyauta, kamar su yadda ƙarfin haƙƙin mallaka ya kasance. da LGPL (mai kwafin rubutu mai rauni) an yi niyya ne ta yadda sassan da suke cikin shirin GPL (mai kwafin kwafi mai karfi), za a yi amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen da ba na GPL ba (LibreOffice yana da lasisi a ƙarƙashin LGPL).

Wani hani shine na patent fansaA wata ma'anar, haƙƙoƙin ku a matsayin mai amfani da wani shiri ya ƙare yayin da kuka tafi kotu game da kamfanin da ya ƙirƙiri software don batun haƙƙin mallaka. Tsammani wane lasisi da Buɗe Tushen lasisi wannan matakin ya haɗa, ban da lasisin Mozilla da Apache.

Hakanan akwai batun lasisi waɗanda suke la'akari da ƙuntatawa na kayan aiki (kamar su gajiyarwa). Shafin 3.0 na GPL an kirkireshi ne daidai don magance rashin ƙarfi, saboda TiVo yana amfani da software kyauta don injunan ta, yana raba lambar a ƙarƙashin GPLv2, amma baya bada izinin aiwatar da lambar da aka gyara, ba tare da izini ba ta hanyar sa hannun dijital na kamfanin ( wani abu makamancin haka yana faruwa tare da Secure Boot). Linus ne saba da sigar 3Na farko, saboda ya yi la’akari da cewa ba za a miƙa lasisin software ga kayan aiki ba, kuma na biyu, saboda shi da kansa yana ɗaukar sa hannun dijital kayan aikin tsaro mai amfani.

Kuma na gaji da rubutu. Ina fatan wannan labarin yana da amfani ga Nano don gabatarwar Linux For Dummies. Na gaba zan yi daya akan yadda ake tallata software ta kyauta.

Hanyoyi masu amfani:

Ma'anar Buɗe Tushen: http://opensource.org/osd

Me yasa OSI bai yarda da Yi abin da fuck kuke so don Lasisin Jama'a: http://opensource.org/minutes20090304

RMS ta ɗauki lasisin Netscape: http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/netscape-npl.es.html