Jiya na gano hanya mai wuya daya daga cikin "Fasali" tsarin fayil btrfs. Wannan saboda dalilai ne da ban san aikinsa ba, btrfs o ƙarin cika faifan fiye da yadda umarni yake dd ko diski cika ma'aunin na manajan fayil na kowa.
Yadda zaka san iya adadin filin fayil dinka yana dauke da btrfs
Duk wanda ke da tsarin fayil tare da btrfs Za ku iya sanin adadin ƙarin bayanan da bayananku ke ciki ta hanyar buga a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa (azaman tushen da na yi imani da shi):
btrfs fayiloli tsarin nuna /
(Sauya / tare da wani tsauni idan kuna son sanin sararin da ke cikin wani ɓangaren btrfs)
A cikin babban bangare wannan ƙarin ciko ba babbar matsala bane, tunda yana da ɗan ƙaramin fili idan aka kwatanta da duka. Amma a halin da nake ciki, inda / ke da 22GB (yana da ssd cache), rumbun kwamfutarka ya cika da 8 GB kyauta, yana karya rpm bayanai kuma don haka yana kashe manajan kunshin. Don haka an tilasta ni in tsara tare da wani tsarin fayil.
Amma ban so in sake sakawa ba. A bayyane yake, bayanan daga / gida ana iya kiyaye su a sauƙaƙe, amma ɗayan yana da shirye-shirye da yawa da aka girka a cikin / da saituna da yawa waɗanda suma suke can, don haka na yanke shawarar kawai ci gaba da sakawar amma canza tsarin fayil ɗin.
Dalilin da yasa nake wannan rubutun shine saboda ban sami takaddama kan yadda zan ci gaba a waɗannan lamuran ba. Ina tsammanin yawancin mutane sun shirya don sake sakawa.
Dole ne in shafe kimanin awanni 7 ina nema da kuma neman bayanai a cikin littattafan Ingilishi waɗanda a zahiri suna da alaƙa da wasu abubuwa da kuma haɗa hankali sosai; fitina da kuskure koyaushe, sake sakewa sau da yawa don ganin kowane abu da na gwada ya faskara ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Lokacin da tsari a zahiri ba zai kasance da yawa ba kasancewar an sami littafin sadaukar da kai gareshi.
Abubuwan lura don canza tsarin fayil ɗin "/"
Farko: Na yi wannan aikin a kan Fedora. Ina tsammanin daidai yake da duk rarraba wanda galibi ya raba kasancewar yana matsayin bootloader GRUB2.
Na biyu: Wannan tsari shine wuya don mai amfani na kowa (waɗanda suka karanta wannan kuma suna tsammanin zagi ne sun san cewa ku ba masu amfani bane) Mutane galibi suna da abubuwan da yakamata suyi fiye da canza tsarin fayil ɗin tushen bangare. Idan baku san yadda zaku bi wannan littafin ba, kuna da haɗarin rasa shigarwar ku, kuma idan kun sami damar aiwatar da shi, zaku ga cewa canjin aiki ba abin birgewa bane (Da kyau, ga wasu haka ne, amma Ba ku da yawa masu amfani) Na yi hakan ne musamman don larura, kodayake dole ne in yarda cewa ni ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya kwamfutarka don fara na biyu da sauri.
Na uku: Tun da wannan aikin ba na masu amfani bane, zan ɗauka cewa mai karatu yana da masaniya game da GNU / Linux kuma cewa ba zai zama malalaci ba don neman ƙarin bayani.
Hanya don canza tsarin fayil na "/"
Ko kuna son canza tsarin fayil ɗin saboda larura ko rashin nishaɗi, wannan ita ce hanya:
1.- A bayyane yake cewa don sabon tsarin fayil ɗinmu ya yi aiki dole ne mu sami kayan aikin da zasu taimaka mana sarrafa shi, don haka wannan shine farkon abin da zamu yi. Tsarin fayil da na zaba ta hanyar, shine xfs, don haka dole ne in girka "Xfsprogs" y "Xfsdump". Za ku girka duk abin da kuke so dangane da tsarin fayil ɗin da kuke son amfani da shi.
2.- Boot daga livecd / usb kuma kwafa duk abubuwan da ke cikin tushen bangare zuwa wani bangare ko faifai. Hanyar da kuka zaba bashi da matsala, amma abu shine ayi shi tare da gatan tushen, don kar a sami fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi tare da izini na musamman.
3.- Mataki inda aka tsara "/" yadda yakamata tare da tsarin fayil wanda muka fi so. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa, zabi wanda ka fi so.
4.- Kwafin da muka yi daga asalin bangare ya dawo cikin sabon bangare da aka tsara.
5.- Lokaci ne wanda mai amfani zai fara yin nasa ɓangaren. Tsara bangare yana gyara wani mai gano wanda tsarin aiki ke amfani dashi don sanin wane bangare yake hawa. Wannan shine \ It \ him UUID, kuma muna bukatar sanin lambar.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa, amma misali, a cikin "Gparted", za mu sani ta hanyar danna dama kan sabon bangare "/" kuma danna "Bayani". Muna kwafin waccan lambar kuma wannan shine lokacin da zamu gyara fayil ɗin / etc / fstab:
UUID = 36f3ce91-5138-4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 / xfs Predefinicións, lokacin, watsar, nobarrier
Wannan misali ne mai nuna layin da yayi daidai da sabon bangare na. Lambar da ke bayyana a hannun dama na UUID = shine abin da zamu maye gurbin shi da namu UUID.
Da zarar mun gama shi, tabbas dole ne mu nuna sabon tsarin fayil ɗin rabuwar mu, xfs a halin da nake ciki ko maye gurbin shi da naku dangane da wani tsarin fayil. Hakanan dole ne ku sanya sabon zaɓin hawa: Idan baku san abin da za a saka ba, saka "Tsoffin abubuwa"; lokaci yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar rage rubutu, jefar da rage rubuce-rubuce ga diski na ssd, yana ƙaruwa tsawon rayuwarsu.
6.- Anan ne ainihin fucking yake farawa kuma anan ne na makale. Ba shi da wahala sosai, amma kusan babu takaddun shaida game da wannan batun.
Muna buƙatar sake gina menu na Grub don farawa tsarin aiki da kyau. Ba zan san yadda za a yi da hannu ba, kuna iya gwadawa kamar yadda na yi (canza UUIDs da irin wannan) amma abin da aka saba zai zama cewa farkon OS yana tsayawa a cikin "kwalliyar gaggawa" mai daɗi da bege
Abin farin ciki, grub2 yana da kayan aikin "Grub2-mkconfig" wannan yana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta atomatik a matsayin alamomin halayen tsarin inda yake gudana. Matsalar ita ce, duba inda, tsarin inda yake aiki ba shine tsarin da ake niyya ba, kuma na baya baya aiki.
Saboda haka muna bukatar muyi tsiro kuma ɗora jerin rabuwa na musamman don gudanar da wannan kayan aikin, ba tare da hakan ba zai yi aiki ba. Ba a bayyana yadda ake yin wannan a kusan duk wurare (wanda hakan ba yana nufin basu san yadda ake yin sa bane, amma suna tunanin cewa mu manyan cibiyoyin komputa ne)
Anyi sa'a anan: http://askubuntu.com/questions/28099/ho … ll-kernels Na sami cikakken bayani game da batun, wanda zan taƙaita shi kuma in fassara shi:
- Dutsen / da / dev:
dutse / dev / sda1 / mnt hawa --bind / dev / mnt / dev
Inda aka maye gurbin "sda1" da wanda yayi daidai da tushen asalin, idan ba "sda1" ba
- Mount / boot da / boot / efi, na karshen idan muna da wani bangare na EFI.
hawa / dev / sda2 / mnt / taya
Inda aka maye gurbin "sda2" da wanda yayi daidai da bangaren taya, idan ba "sda2" ba
Efiungiyar efi ba ta zuwa cikin mahaɗin da ke sama, abin nawa ne amma a wannan yanayin na buƙace shi. Idan baku da bangare na EFI, kuyi watsi da wannan.
hawa / dev / sda3 / mnt / taya / efi
Inda aka maye gurbin "sda3" da wanda yayi daidai da bangaren taya, idan ba "sda3" ba
- Chroot da wasu abubuwa, cewa ainihin ainihin abin da na sani game da waɗancan abubuwan shine cewa lallai ne su:
chroot / mnt mount -t proc babu / proc mount -t sysfs babu / sys mount -t ba kowa / dev / pts fitarwa HOME = / tushen fitarwa LC_ALL = C
Wannan shine ƙari na, ana iya buƙatar abu ɗaya daga baya:
hau -t tmpfs tmpfs / gudu
7.- girk2-mkconfig
Da kyau, kusan lokacin tauraro ne. Dole ne mu nemi fayil da ake kira "grub.cfg" a cikin ɓangaren taya. A halin da nake ciki shine hanya /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg
Lokacin da muka samo shi, muna gudu a cikin yanayin chroot:
grub2-mkconfig -o /path/a/grub.cfg
Kuma a ƙarshe mun shirya menu na gira.
8.- Sabunta abubuwan initramfs.
Wannan matakin da nake tsammanin ya zama dole, amma ban tabbata ba. Koyaya, ya isa mu sake shigar da kwayar da muke so ko aiwatarwa:
yanki - karfi / hanya / zuwa / fayil / initramfs / cewa / mu / so / maye gurbin
misali:
dracut --force /boot/initramfs-3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64.img
Tabbas, duk wannan yana cikin yanayin chroot. (kuma idan ba haka ba, komawa zuwa akwatin fita, er ... zuwa «harsashin gaggawa»)
PS: Na manta abin da zan yi don samun damar Intanet a cikin yanayin chroot, idan kuna son sake shigar da kwaya. Hanyar haɗin yanar gizon da ke sama yayi bayani sosai: Dole ne ku buɗe sabon tashar kuma kwafa waɗannan fayilolin:
cp / mnt / sauransu / runduna /mnt/etc/hosts.old cp / sauransu / runduna / mnt / sauransu / runduna cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
9.- Samu hanyar shiga yanar gizo:
Dole ne kawai ku kwafa fayilolin masu zuwa, ta hanyar zane ko ta hanyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, a yanayin ƙarshe a bayan yanayin yanayin chroot. Ana iya yin ta daga wata tashar ta daban ko kuma ta hanyar fita daga yanayin chroot, sannan sake shigowa.
cp / mnt / sauransu / runduna /mnt/etc/hosts.old cp / sauransu / runduna / mnt / sauransu / runduna cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
10.- Sake shigar da kwaya:
Mun sake shigar da kwaya a cikin yanayin chroot tare da manajan kunshin mu
11.- Sake saita AAR :: DD
Wannan lokacin yakamata ya zama ƙarshen rarrabuwa na "al'ada", don rarrabawa tare da SELinux, kamar yadda zanyi, abin ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan
Duk da cewa farkon ya kai karshe kuma na yi kokarin fara tsarin zane, hakan bai samu ba, kuma lokacin da na yi kokarin shiga a matsayin mai amfani ko kuma tushe zai ce "an hana izinin".
Na karanta wani abu game da shi kuma bisa ga mutum ɗaya matsalar na iya zama selinux, kuma ya ba da shawarar sanya selinux = 0 a ƙarshen layin boot a cikin grub.cfg, kamar haka:
menu 'Fedora, tare da Linux 3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os - ba a takaita $ menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.15.9-200..fc20 .x86_64-advanced-36f3ce91-5138-4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 '{load_video set gfxpayload = kiyaye insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 saita tushe =' hd1, gpt2 'idan [x $ feature_platform_search_hint = xy]; to bincika -no-floppy --fs-uuid --set = tushe --hint-bios = hd1, gpt2 --hint-efi = hd1, gpt2 --hint-baremetal = ahci1, gpt2 1cd04509-ab7c-4074- 8bab-e170c29fe08e other search -no-floppy --fs-uuid --set = tushen 1cd04509-ab7c-4074-8bab-e170c29fe08e fi linuxefi /vmlinuz-3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64 root = UUID = 36f3ce91-5138 -4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 ro rd.md = 0 rd.lvm = 0 rd.dm = 0 vconsole.keymap = en rd.luks = 0 vconsole.font = latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb shuru selinux = 0 initrdefi /initramfs.3.15.9. 200-20.fc86.x64_XNUMX.img
Dubi layin ƙarshe zuwa hannun dama na dama.
Ban yi shi kai tsaye ba, idan ba haka ba kawai na gyara shigar da boot a cikin menu na gurnani kanta, don haka ya zama gyare-gyare na ɗan lokaci, ina tsammanin an yi ta ta latsa «c» ko «e», a cikin menu mai ƙura za ku iya yi shi. wurare.
Da kyau, muna yin haka kuma sake farawa, ko ci gaba da taya.
12.- Haske a ƙarshen ramin.
Idan ba za mu iya kai tsaye a cikin matakin da ya gabata ba, to a cikin wannan matakin ƙarshe ne inda za mu iya samun damar tebur ɗinmu na yau da kullun. Abin yabo ga babban tasirinmu, amma a SELinux Ya ɓullo, ba mu gama ba tukuna
Dole ne mu sake shirya grub.cfg don cire "selinux = 0" ko sauƙaƙe sake yi kullum idan abin da muka yi ya kasance don shirya shigarwa a cikin menu na grub. Gaskiyar ita ce muna sake yi tare da kunna SELinux.
Sannan a ƙarshen farawa wani abu ya fito wanda yana da alaƙar manufar An ƙaddamar da shirin SELinux, mun barshi shi kadai in ya gama zai sake farawa.
Za mu ga cewa tsarinmu zai fara, yana nuna teburinmu na yau da kullun, tare da kunnawa na SELinux, tsarin fayil ɗinmu ya canza da duk shirye-shiryenmu na cikakken aiki.
Wannan shine karshen littafin, Ina fatan zai taimaka muku 
ACTUALIZACIÓN: Lokacin da nayi wannan a karo na farko ban sani ba kuma nayi matakin sake farfado da kayan masarufi sannan na sake sanya kwayar kuma duk ta rikice kuma a karshe tayi aiki kusan ba tare da sanin dalili ba, kuma na baiwa duka zabin daidai kamar yadda mai kyau, duk da haka sabunta initramfs ba ya aiki kuma na ketare shi. Abinda kawai yake aiki shine a sake sanya kwayar (Ina zargin cewa kernel da kernel-core kunshe a cikin Fedora) kuma don haka na gyara littafin.
Kuma ina so in ƙara hakan don canza tsarin tsarin fayil ɗin na / gida gida matakai iri ɗaya suna da mahimmanci, ban sani ba ko selinux ya zama dole, amma idan baya aiki da selinux an cire shi na ɗan lokaci kuma shi ke nan.
Hoton da aka fito dashi daga nan.
A ganina btrfs yan 'yan shekaru ne daga balaga kuma idan lokacin ya faskara, akwai kayan aikin da zasu dawo daga tsoro ba tare da rasa bayanai ba ... ext4 har yanzu shine post.
Game da sarrafawa tare da chroot, a cikin jagororin Gentoo kun yi bayani sosai:
https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Base/es
Har ila yau, ina amfani da yanki don samar da abubuwan initramfs tunda ina buƙatar tsarin mdadm don grub2 ba tare da wanda grub2 ba zai iya samun rabewar / dev / md0 na / boot ba.
An ba ni sabon diski na 120G SSD, amma na yi jinkirin amfani da shi, sabo ne sosai kuma ba shi da cikakkiyar fasaha, ba na so in sake komawa tsarin a duk lokacin da wata kwayar halitta a cikin SSD ta lalace.
Na girka daga tushe a farmaki na 1 a kan fayafai guda biyu na 1T kowannensu, a cikin watan Afrilu na 2012 ... mai girma na kusan shekara 3 ... hehe
# genlop -t gentoo-kafofin | kai -n3
* sys-kernel / gentoo-tushe
Wed Apr 11 23:39:02 2012 >>> sys-kernel / gentoo-kafofin-3.3.1
Wannan ita ce hanyar da nake amfani da ita don ƙirƙirar faifan rago na farko, ƙara taken zane-zanen bootsplash a kanta
da sake sabunta shigarwar grub2.
# hawa / taya
# yankewa-da hanzari »3.19.3-gentoo –force
# splash_geninitramfs –verbose –res 1920 × 1080 –append /boot/initramfs-3.19.3-gentoo.img fito-duniya
# grub -mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Godiya ga raba kwarewarku akan btrfs.
Abin da aboki Elav, mai girma blog post kuma godiya ga comrade "SuperYO" daga forum. Gaskiyar ita ce, wani abu makamancin haka bai taɓa faruwa da ni ba, ko kaɗan, amma ba zai taɓa yin zafi ba don samun babban darasi kamar wannan.
Da kaina, ban sami BTRFS mara girma ba kwata-kwata, XFS ban yi amfani da shi ba, na san cewa CentOS 7 ta kawo shi, amma har zuwa yau, ba lallai ba ne in ɗora sabon sabar tare da shi, don haka a halin yanzu ban gani ba yana da ban dariya kallon shi. A cikin OpenSUSE ina amfani da BTRFS, amma bai ba ni wata matsala ba kwata-kwata, har ma da diski na SSD. Me zaiyi idan ya bata min duniyar da zan iya yi shine diski na SSD-Cache a cikin Unix, hakika ya kasance matsala babba, takaddun Intel da na same su bashi da tabbas kuma mai rikitarwa. a zahiri ina da maudu'in da aka bude a dandalin da sauran wurare, amma ga alama babu wanda ya taba cin karo da batun ko akasin haka, kawai suna barin diski na SSD-cache da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ke kawo wani abu, kwatsam sai suka sanya su a matsayin SWAP don haka don canza saurin tsarin, wanene ya san ɗayan.
Wataƙila shigarwa game da nau'ikan tsarin Fayil na yanzu a cikin Unix zai kasance mai ban mamaki, yana sanya fa'idodin kowane ɗayan, ban sani ba, wani kuma zaiyi kyau game da SELinux, tunda an faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da tsaro, amma na karanta a koyawa a cikin intanet da duk inda suka sanya "SELinux = Naƙasasshe", kawai a cikin "kyauta ta kyauta" suna ba da nasihu kan yadda za a ba da izinin shirye-shirye ta hanyar sa.
Yanzu, ba zan ci gaba ba.
Godiya ga shigar da gaisuwa.
Godiya ga tip, mutum, amma zfs yana da dukkan siffofin btrfs don amfani da shi a cikin Linux dole ne a ɗaga darasin a cikin kwaya, amma a cikin freebsd ya zo ta tsohuwa kuma ba ya ba da wata matsala guda ɗaya, ina ba da shawara, tunda btrfs har yanzu yana da 'kananan' al'amura 'da yawa, don magana.
Shin ni ne ko sanarwa na bayyana tare da lafazin Mutanen Espanya a yau.
Na lura shi ma. Waye zai san dalilin hakan.
Hahahaha .. shine labarin ba nawa bane .. karka fada min baka karanta sakin layi na farko ba hahaha.
Yanzu da kuka ambace shi ... A'a ban ma lura ba.
Barka dai. Idan ka ga shigar da zauren za ka ga an fitar da batun 8 saboda ba shi da inganci, abin da za ka yi shi ne sake sanya kwayar kuma na sanya ta haka lokacin da na daidaita ta it
Abinda ya faru shine lokacin da nayi wannan a karon farko ban san abin da nake yi ba kuma nayi kokarin komai sai na rikice confused
Kuma na ci gaba, abin da ya faru shi ne cewa ba a buga tsokacina na baya ba tukuna 😛
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa idan ba za a iya ketara komai a kan yanar gizo ba, zai kasance share lamba 8 ne don rikitar da ma'aikatan. Ko ta yaya, mafi munin abin da zai iya faruwa ta hanyar sabunta abubuwan da aka sanya a ciki shi ne abin da na samu: kwata-kwata babu abin da ya faru, ba mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda ba shi da mahimmanci ko dai, amma mataki ne mara amfani.
Kyakkyawan labarin da kuka raba, ta hanyar kwarewar ku na koyi wasu sabbin abubuwa 😉
Na sanya duk wani abu wanda ma'anar nasarar da kuka ji wajen cimma burin ku ya wuce na koma baya. 😉
Budaddiyar hanya tana da mata sosai: ba don masu sha'awar ba.
Idan mutum ya ba da hankali, sha'awa da haƙuri don zurfafa ƙawancensa, zai ba mu mafi kyau na kanta.
Me kyau abokin aiki superYO ya ci. Wannan yana da kyau.
Me yasa XFS maimakon ext4 ??
🙂
Ext4 yana tsufa lokacin da sukace ... kuma don rubuta manyan bayanai mafi kyau xfs.
Game da marubucin post ɗin ban taɓa ganin jtn jurnal btrfs sun cika / bangare ba
Ina mamaki shine ina tsammanin saboda kune wint pc nake tunani, saboda hakan bai taba faruwa dani ba! tare da distros da nake amfani dasu tare da samsung pro ssd kuma hakan bai taba faruwa dani ba.
Ba wani abu bane wanda yake sananne a matsakaici ko babba, amma akan bangare 20GB BTRFS zaka iya cika tushen bangare da kusan rabin filin kyauta a zahiri.
Kuma ba shine kawai matsalar da yake da ita ba. Dangane da karatu, faifan ya kasance daidai ko correctasa daidai amma kayan aiki da sabuntawa sun kasance a hankali don ssd disk da diski na yau da kullun, wanda shine babban abin haushi.
Na zargi laifin rukunin da nake da shi a kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, domin a sauran wuraren da na sanya Fedora tare da btrfs ba ni da matsala kuma yana aiki da sauri da kyau, sai dai a kan babbar kwamfutata da ke da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa kamar yadda na faɗa. Yanzu tare da bangarorin biyu tare da XFS wannan kwamfutar tana nuna mafi kyau.
Tun yaushe ne wannan minti 10 tare da DesdeLinux?, Da kyar na gane akwai o_o
Wani lokaci da suka wuce 😀
Ina tsammanin zai zama baƙon abu, amma na daɗe ina yin bincike game da wannan, na kasance malalaci ne wanda ba na so in yi farin ciki. Godiya ga bayanin, Ina so in wuce gidana zuwa xfs da / zuwa btfrs
Godiya ga labarin, mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Sukar suka daga abun ciki:
Na ambace shi a wasu sakonnin kuma ina tsammanin a cikin shafin yanar gizo kamar wannan, na hadin gwiwa, inda kowane irin mutane ke shiga, bai kamata a basu damar sanya hotuna kamar wanda kuka sanya a cikin rubutun ba. Ba saboda yarinya a cikin bikini ta fito ba, amma saboda ana amfani da ita (mai yiwuwa ba da niyya ba) a hanyar jima'i.
Babu wanda ya soki cewa yarinya ko yarinya cikin bikini sun fito, koda tsirara. Idan yana da ma'ana, kuma wani yana son yin rubutu game da jiki da intanet, ko jima'i da intanet ko wani abu makamancin haka ... wannan yana da kyau.
Yayi kyau, amma ... Me yasa dole ku sake shigar da kwaya? Ban gane ba.
Gaskiyar ita ce bayan na sanya Arch sau biyu tuni na riga na fahimci inda harbi zai tafi, na kasance tare da sabuwar PC ɗin tsawon wata 1 tare da Arch da wani ssd da aka tsara da ext4, ina tunanin motsawa to btrfs amma Hakan bai gamsar dani ba saboda bayan ganin wasu gwaje-gwajen da akayi a Phoronix ba a bayyane yake cewa aikin yafi kyau ba kuma duk da haka tare da Arch Wiki tuni na riga na kasance tare da duk abinda zan iya don inganta aikin