Cikakke kuma mai cikakken jagora (tare da misalai) zuwa DD

Na bar muku babban labarin cewa Na tsinci kaina yin yawo da yanar gizo, yana nuna mana misalai da yawa kuma dalla-dalla abin da yake da abin da za a samu tare da umarnin DD.

Na bar muku cikakkiyar fassarar labarin:

1. Me yasa dd?:

Mun zabi dd azaman farkon wanda zai fafata a jerinmu saboda kayan aiki ne masu amfani wadanda suke da zabi dayawa, kamar yadda zaku gani. Wannan kusan ya sa ya zama ɗayan wukake Sojojin Switzerland na duniyar Linux. Haka ne, ana amfani da wannan lokacin (Swiss Knife Knife) fiye da yadda ya kamata ta hanyar marubutan labarai masu linzamin Linux, don haka ba za mu iya ba da damar amfani da kanmu ba.

2. Amfani da gabaɗaya:

Kafin farawa muna so mu baku cikakken ra'ayi game da yadda ake amfani da shi dd. Da farko dai, sunan ya fito ne daga mai kwafin bayanai, amma cikin raha kuma ance yana nufin mai lalata faifai ko mai lalata bayanan saboda kayan aiki ne masu matukar karfi. Don haka muna ba da shawarar ƙarin kulawa lokacin amfani dd saboda ɗan lokacin sakaci na iya kashe muku mahimman bayananku. Babban rubutun kalmomin umarnin dd es:

# dd idan = $ input_data na = $ output_data [zaɓuɓɓuka]

shigarwa_data y fitarwa_data za su iya zama fayafai, bangare, fayiloli, na'urori ?? galibi duk abin da zaka iya rubuta wa ko karantawa daga gare shi. Kamar yadda zaku gani, zaku iya amfani da dd a cikin hanyar sadarwa don aika rafukan bayanai akan LAN ɗinku, misali. Kuna iya samun sashin shigarwa kawai na umarnin dd din ku, ko kuma umarnin fitarwa kawai, kuma har ma kuna iya cire duka a wasu lokuta. Duk waɗannan za'a magance su a cikin jerin masu zuwa.

3. Misalai:

dd idan = / dev / urandom na = / dev / sda bs = 4k - »Cika faifai tare da bazuwar bayanai

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / sdb bs = 4096 - » Gyara aikin diski-zuwa-faifai

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / sda bs = 4k - » Tsaftace rumbun kwamfutarka (na iya buƙatar maimaitawa)

dd idan = shigar da fayil na = / dev / st0 bs = 32k conv = daidaitawa - » Kwafi daga fayil zuwa na'urar tef

dd idan = / dev / st0 na = outfile bs = 32k conv = daidaitawa - » Tsohon, ya juya baya

dd idan = / dev / sda | hexdump -C | shafawa [^ 00] - » Duba idan faifan an gaske sifili

dd idan = / dev / urandom na = / gida / $ mai amfani / babbar fayil bs = 4096 - » Jama'a sun cika bangare (Hattara da tsarin tsarin!)

dd idan = / dev / urandom na = myfile bs = lambar 6703104 = 1 - » Sanya fayil (wataƙila kafin sharewa)

dd idan = / dev / sda3 na = / dev / sdb3 bs = 4096 conv = notrunc, noerror - » Kwafi bangare zuwa wani bangare

dd idan = / proc / filesystems | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Duba samfuran fayil

dd idan = / proc / bangare | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Duba samfuran da ke akwai a cikin kb

dd idan = / dev / sdb2 ibs = 4096 | gzip> partition.image.gz conv = babu damuwa - » Createirƙiri hoton gzip na bangare na biyu na faifai na biyu

dd bs = 10240 cbs = 80 conv = ascii, cire katanga idan = / dev / st0 na = ascii.out - » Kwafe abubuwan tef zuwa fayil, suna canzawa daga EBCDIC zuwa ASCII

dd idan = / dev / st0 ibs = 1024 obs = 2048 na = / dev / st1 - » Kwafar Na'urar Toshe ta 1KB zuwa Na'urar toshe 2KB

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / null bs = 100M ƙidaya = 100
An rubuta 100 + 0 a cikin
100 + 0 ya rubuta
10485760000 bytes (10GB) kofe,

5.62955 s, 1.9 GB / s

Kwafi 10 GB na sifili zuwa kwandon shara.

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / sda bs = ƙidaya 512 = 2
fdisk -s / dev / sda
dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / sda nemi = (lambar_of_sector - 20) bs = 1k

Goge GPT daga faifai. Ta yaya GPT ke rubuta bayanan zuwa farkon
Kuma a ƙarshen faifan, bayan sharewa daga farkon, dole ne mu nemo adadin sassan (umarni na biyu), sannan mu goge ɓangarorin 20 na ƙarshe.

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / bootimage.img na = / dev / sdc - » Irƙirar diski na UDB wanda za'a iya gani (wanda aka nuna anan kamar / dev / sdc)

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / null bs = 1m - » Kyakkyawan hanya don nemo tubalan mara kyau. Ajiyayyen da kuma tsarin alaka

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / fd0 bs = 512 ƙidaya = 1 - » Kwafi MBR ɗin zuwa disk ɗin floppy

dd idan = / dev / sda1 na = / dev / sdb1 bs = 4096 - » Gyara aikin diski-zuwa-faifai

dd idan = / dev / sr0 na = / gida / $ mai amfani / mycdimage.iso \ bs = 2048 conv = nosync - » Irƙiri hoto na CD

hawa -o madauki /home/$user/mycdimage.iso / mnt / cdimages / - » Haɗa hoton da aka ambata a gida

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / sdb bs = 64k conv = daidaitawa - » Yana da amfani yayin maye gurbin diski da ɗayan girma ɗaya.

dd idan = / dev / sda2 na = / gida / $ mai amfani / hddimage1.img bs = ƙididdigar 1M = 4430
dd idan = / dev / sda2 na = / gida / $ mai amfani / hddimage2.img bs = ƙididdigar 1M = 8860
[...]

Irƙiri hotunan DVD na bangare (mai amfani don yin madadin)

dd idan = / $ wuri / hddimage1.img na = / dev / sda2 bs = 1M
dd idan = / $ wuri / hddimage2.img na = / dev / sda2 nemi = 4430 bs = 1M
dd idan = / $ wuri / hddimage3.img na = / dev / sda2 nemi = 8860 bs = 1M
[da sauransu…]

Dawowa daga madadin da ta gabata

dd idan = / dev / ƙidaya lamba = 1 bs = 1024 nema = 1 na = / dev / sda6 - » Rushe superblock

dd idan = / dev / ƙidaya lamba = 1 bs = 4096 nema = 0 na = / dev / sda5 - » Wata hanyar lalata superblock

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / suspicious.doc | clamscan - » Yana duba fayil ɗin don ƙwayoyin cuta (yana buƙatar ClamAV)

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / fayil binary | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Duba abin da ke cikin fayil na binary (yana buƙatar hexdump)

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / babban fayil na = / dev / null
dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / gida / $ mai amfani / bigfile bs = 1024 ƙidaya = 1000000

Auna alamar rumbun kwamfutarka ta saurin karatu / rubutu

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / sda - » Ba sabuwar rayuwa ga tsoffin rumbun kwamfutoci waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba na wani ɗan lokaci (dole ne direbobi su "kasa")

dd idan = / dev / mem | kirtani | grep 'string_to_search' - » Yi nazarin abubuwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ɗan adam zai iya karantawa, wannan shine)

dd idan = / dev / fd0 na = / gida / $ mai amfani / floppy.image bs = 2x80x18b conv = notrunc - » Kwafi floppy disk

dd idan = / proc / kcore | hexdump -C | Kadan - »Yana nuna ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya

dd idan = / proc / filesystems | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Duba samfuran fayil

dd idan = / proc / kallsyms | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Nuna kayayyaki da aka ɗora

dd idan = / proc / katsewa | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Nuni katsewa tebur

dd idan = / proc / uptime | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Ya nuna lokacin aiki a cikin sakanni

dd idan = / proc / bangare | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Duba samfuran da ke akwai a cikin kb

dd idan = / proc / meminfo | hexdump -C | Kadan - " Yana nuna halin ƙwaƙwalwa

dd idan = / dev / urandom na = / gida / $ mai amfani / myrandom bs = ƙidaya 100 = 1 - » Irƙiri fayil 1kb na bazuwar gibberish

dd idan = / dev / mem na = / gida / $ mai amfani / mem.bin bs = 1024 - » Creatirƙiri hoto na halin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na yanzu

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / myfile - » Fitar da fayil ɗin zuwa stdout

dd idan = / dev / sda2 bs = 16065 | hexdump -C | grep 'rubutu_to_search' - » Nemo kirtani a cikin kowane bangare; koda kuwa yana da tsaro, zaka iya kora liveCD

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / file.bin tsallake = 64k bs = 1 na = / gida / $ mai amfani / convfile.bin - » Kwafi file.bin zuwa convfile.bin tsallake farkon 64 kb

dd idan = / gida / $ mai amfani / bootimage.img na = / dev / sdc - » Irƙirar diski na UDB wanda za'a iya gani (wanda aka nuna anan kamar / dev / sdc)

dd idan = / dev / mem bs = 1k tsallake = 768 ƙidaya = 256 2> / dev / null | kirtani -n 8 - » Karanta BIOS.

dd bs = 1k idan = imagefile.nrg na = imagefile.iso tsallake = 300k - » Yana canza hoton Nero zuwa daidaitaccen hoton ISO.
Wannan mai yiwuwa ne saboda kawai banbanci tsakanin su shine 300 kB na kanun labarai wanda Nero ke karawa zuwa daidaitaccen hoton ISO.

amsa kuwwa -n "hello a tsaye duniya" | dd cbs = 1 conv = = cire katanga 2> / dev / null - » Gwada shi, yana da lafiya. 🙂

dd idan = / dev / sda1 | gzip -c | tsaga -b 2000m - \ /mnt/hdc1/backup.img.gz - » Irƙiri hoton gzip na bangare ta amfani da tsaga

kato /mnt/hdc1/backup.img.gz.* | gzip -dc | dd na = / dev / sda1 - » Sake dawo da ajiyar baya

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = hotuna bs = ƙidaya 1024 = 10240 - » Irƙiri faifai mara fa'ida

dd ibs = 10 tsallake = 1 - » Raba farkon 10 bytes na stdin

dd bs = 265b conv = noerror idan = / dev / st0 na = / tmp / bad.tape.image - » Yana yin hoton tef tare da mummunan tabo

dd idan = / dev / sda ƙidaya = 1 | hexdump -C - » Duba MBR ɗinku

dd idan = / dev / sda | nc -l 10001 nc $ tsarin_to_backup_IP 10001 | dd na = sysbackupsda.img - » Saurin hanyar sadarwa ta sauri ta amfani da netcat

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / sdX bs = 1024000 ƙidaya = 1 - » Tsaftace farkon 10MB na bangare

dd idan = / dev / sifili na = tmpswap bs = 1k
ƙidaya = 1000000
chmod 600 canzawa
musa musa
musanya tmpswap

Createirƙiri sararin musayar ɗan lokaci

dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / null bs = 1024k ƙidaya = 1024
1073741824 bytes (1.1GB) kofe,
24.1684 s, 44.4 MB / s

Yana ƙayyade saurin I / O saurin disk ɗinku.

dd idan = / dev / ƙididdigar bazata = 1 2> / dev / null | od -t u1 | \ awk '{buga $ 2}' | shugaban -1 - » Haɗa lambar bazuwar

dd idan = / dev / mem na = myRAM bs = 1024 - » Kwafi memorywa memorywalwar RAM zuwa fayil

dd idan = / dev / sda bs = 512 ƙidaya = 1 | od -xa - » Duba abun cikin MBR ɗinku a cikin tsarin hex da ASCII

dd idan = / na / tsoho / mbr na = / dev / sda bs = ƙidaya 446 = 1 - » Mayar da MBR ba tare da canza rikodin tebur na bangare ba wanda ke tsakanin baiti 447 - 511

dd idan = / dev / sda1 | raba -b 700m - sda1-hoto - » Irƙiri kofi na ɓangaren kuma adana hotuna inda matsakaicin girman girma yake 700MB

ls -l | dd conv = ucase - » Juya fitowar umarni zuwa babban abu

amsa kuwwa "RUBUTUN NA KYAUTATA KYAUTA" | dd conv = kaya - » Maida kowane rubutu zuwa karamin rubutu

dd idan = / sauransu / passwd cbs = 132 conv = ebcdic na = / tmp / passwd.ebcdic - » Sabobin tuba fayil kalmar sirri zuwa tsarin EBCDIC tsayayyen fayil mai tsayi

dd idan = rubutu.ascii na = text.ebcdic conv = ebcdic - » Sanya daga ASCII zuwa EBCDIC

dd idan = myfile na = myfile convil = ucase - » Canja fayil zuwa babban layi (mai sauƙin SED ko maye gurbin tr)

4. Kammalawa:

Wannan kadan ne daga abin da dd zai iya yi kuma muna fatan wannan labarin ya damfara su don rufe misalan da aka fi amfani da su ga mai amfani na yau da kullun. Koyaya, kafin ku ci gaba, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta takaddun rumbun kwamfutarka, kuna neman abubuwa kamar iyakokin LBA kuma ku kula sosai lokacin amfani da dd a cikin tashar tushe. Tabbas, kun riga kun sami ajiyar ajiya, amma ɗan ƙarin kulawa zai kiyaye muku sa'o'i na aikin da ba dole ba.

Kuma a can labarin ya ƙare.

Don rikodin, ban gwada ko ɗaya daga cikin umarnin da aka nuna a cikin wannan labarin ba, don haka idan wani ya yi amfani da waɗannan umarnin (ko kuskure), to akwai yiwuwar idan sun lalata wani abu a cikin kwamfutarsu ba zan iya ba ya taimake ka.

Ba komai hakan, kadan kadan zan gwada umarnin hehe, idan na sami wani abu mai ban sha'awa sai na raba shi.

gaisuwa