Halaye da halaye na aikin hurumin Android

Mun san Android a matsayin ɗayan tsarukan aiki waɗanda ke jagorantar kasuwar fasahar sadarwa, mai da hankali kan wayar salula. Ba tare da an faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da wannan ba, a bayyane yake cewa buƙatun kowane mai amfani don kyawawan halaye da tsarin ke bayarwa, yana magana musamman takamaiman sayan aikace-aikace don haɓaka ko keɓance kayan aikinmu na Android, suna ta ƙara buƙata daga ɓangaren mai amfani, tunda bi da bi, babban matakin gasa da ke tsakanin su na buƙatar masu haɓaka su ƙirƙira ko kuma inganta haɓakar kowannensu. Saboda wannan, kuma yana da alaƙa da batun mawuyacin halin da zai iya kasancewa a cikin shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen, tsarin Android kansa yana ba da kayan aiki mai dacewa da dacewa don ci gaban aikace-aikacen da aka faɗi. Irin wannan kayan aikin ko kayan aikin sune abubuwan da aka sani da Tsararren aikin haɗi. Wannan shine IDE na hukuma don ci gaban aikace-aikace. Bisa IntelliJ IDEA; yanayi ko yanayin ci gaba don shirye-shirye, wanda ke da kayan aikin gyara lambar ƙira. Za a iya cewa dangane da nazarin kododin sa, yana nuna kurakurai nan take, don ba su mafita cikin sauri. A matsayin kayan aikin hadewa don ci gaba ko gina shirye-shirye a cikin Android, yana ƙunshe da ƙirar mai amfani wanda aka riga aka gina ko aka tsara shi, tare da samfuran allo daban-daban, inda za a iya motsa abubuwan da ke akwai. Bugu da ƙari, an lalata masu lalata burgewa da yiwuwar aiki tare da Logcat. IntelliJ IDEA na tallafawa harsuna daban-daban waɗanda suka dogara da JVM; Java (saboda haka "J" a cikin IntelliJ), Clojure, Groovy, Kotin, da Scala. Aari da tallafi ga Maven da Gradle. Tare da wannan fasaha, hade da Studio na Android, abubuwan dama suna da kyau don ƙirƙirar da gina aikace-aikace na wannan tsarin.

Android Studio yana da bangarori daban-daban waɗanda ke taimakawa aikin ginin aikace-aikace; Tsarin gini na gradle, keɓaɓɓen gini da fayilolin apk da yawa, da kuma samfuran lambobi waɗanda ke taimaka wa ginin app. Cikakken edita na shimfidawa tare da tallafi don ja da sauke gyara abubuwan jigon. Sauƙin amfani da daidaitattun sigar, Codeirƙirar Codeira tare da ProGuard da ƙarancin amfani da amfani tare da Gradle. A ƙarshe, tallafi mai ginawa don Google Cloud Platform, wanda ya sauƙaƙe don haɗa saƙon Google Cloud Cloud da Injin App.

Dangane da ci gaban aikin aiki, Android Studio yana da saitin kayan aikin da ake kulawa, yana ƙarawa zuwa yiwuwar samun dama daga layin umarni zuwa kayan aikin SDK. Abu mai mahimmanci game da wannan duka shine cewa Android Studio yana ba da ta'aziyya ga masu haɓakawa, tunda daga ita yana yiwuwa a yi kira, yayin haɓaka aikace-aikace, kayan aikin da ake buƙata azaman mafi ƙarancin hanyar aiki.

Daga cikin matakan ci gaba waɗanda ke rufe fahimtar aikace-aikace a cikin Android Studio zamu sami matakai huɗu. Na farko shine saitunan yanayi; A wannan lokacin, an shigar da yanayin haɓakawa. Bugu da kari, ana yin mahaɗin ne zuwa abubuwan da za a iya aiwatar da shigarwar aikace-aikacen, kuma ana ƙirƙirar na'urori masu kamala na Android (AVDS). Mataki na biyu ya rufe Confaddamarwar Ayyuka da Ci Gaban; A wannan, ana aiwatar da aikin da ci gaba. Muna magana ne game da ƙirƙirar kayayyaki waɗanda suka ƙunshi albarkatu don aikace-aikace da fayilolin lambar tushe. Mataki na uku ya ƙunshi gwaji, debugging, da kuma gina app; A wannan lokacin aikin an gina shi cikin kunshin (s) mai iya ragi wanda za'a iya sanya shi kuma yayi aiki akan emulator ko akan na'urar Android. Ana amfani da tsarin ginin Gradle. Wannan yana ba da sassauci, bambance-bambancen gini na al'ada, da ƙudurin dogaro. Dangane da amfani da wani IDE, ana iya haɓaka aikin ta amfani da Gradle, sannan kuma, a sanya shi akan na'urar da ke amfani da ADB. Bayan haka, an lalata aikace-aikacen ta hanyar saƙonnin sa ido na kayan aiki, tare da na'urar shiga ta Android (Logcat) tare da ra'ayin IntelliJ. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da debugger JDWP mai dacewa, tare da kara kayan aikin cire kayan da kuma kayan aikin da aka samar tare da Android SDK. A ƙarshe, ana amfani da kayan aikin gwajin SD SDK na Android don gwada aikace-aikacen.

Kamar yadda na karshe lokaci, da Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace; A wannan matakin, ana aiwatar da sanyi kuma ana yin buƙata don amfani da rarraba aikace-aikacen kyauta ga masu amfani. Yayin matakin shirye-shiryen, an gina sigar aikace-aikacen, wanda masu amfani za su iya zazzagewa da girka a kan na’urorin su don a iya siyar da rarraba aikace-aikacen.

A cikin wannan hoton zamu iya ganin zane na matakai don fahimtar aikace-aikace a cikin Android Studio.

Mun riga mun san matakai da ci gaba yayin ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen Android. Dangane da kowane aikin, ana nufin tushen kayan aiki, aikace-aikacen ya ƙunshi ɗayan ko sama da modulu tare da fayilolin lambar tushe da fayilolin kayan aiki. Wanne, a cikin nau'ikansa daban-daban ya ƙunsa; Appa'idodin kayan aikin Android, ɗakunan karatu na karatu, Testan gwajin, da kuma Injin Injin. Ta hanyar tsoho, Android Studio yana nuna fayilolin aikin a cikin aikin aikin Android. A wannan lokacin an tsara matakan a cikin tsari don samar da hanzari zuwa fayilolin lambar maɓallin tushe. Dangane da fayilolin ginawa, waɗannan bayyane suke a matakin farko ƙarƙashin Scdlets Gradle. A cikin Studio Android mun riga mun fahimci cewa ana amfani da Gradle a matsayin tushen tsarin ginin aikace-aikace. Wannan tsarin halittar yana gudana azaman kayan aikin da aka hade a cikin menu na Gidan Fasahar Android, kuma shi kuma mai zaman kansa ne daga layin umarnin.

Fayilolin aikin.

An riga an san wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ke cikin Android Studio da yadda ake aiwatar da aikin a ciki, yana da kyau a faɗi cewa 'yan makonnin da suka gabata mun sami sabon sigar, ana samun ta a cikin bugunta na 2.1.0 a cikin Afrilu. Dole ne mu san cewa sabuntawar lokaci-lokaci da ake yi wa Android Studio yana faruwa ba tare da buƙatar sabunta aikin ba, a cikin wannan yanayin bai kamata a damu da mai haɓaka ba.

Daga cikin manyan canje-canjen da aka samo a cikin wannan sabon sigar, tallafi don ci gaba a cikin sabon sigar tsarin aiki, Android N, a cikin Preview an yaba. Tsarin Android N yana ƙara tallafi ga Java 8, wanda ke da fasali na yare wanda ke buƙatar sabon haɗakar gwaji da ake kira Jack. Sabon sigar Jack yana aiki ne kawai akan sigar 2.1. Daga Android Studio. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole ayi amfani da wannan sigar idan kuna son yin aiki tare da Java 8. Ya kamata a lura cewa kodayake Android Studio 2.1 yanzu ta tabbata, mai harhada Jack har yanzu gwaji ne, saboda haka, dole ne a kunna shi tare da kayan jackOptions a cikin fayil ɗin gininsa. .gyara

Daga cikin sauran sababbin fasali a cikin sabon sigar, an yi gyare-gyaren ƙananan ƙwaro da kuma wasu ci gaba; Mai kunnawa C ++ Debugger yana aiki ta tsohuwa yayin amfani da na'urar N ko emulator da zaɓar yanayin debugger na asali. A matsayin shawarwarin ingantawa don fahimtar aikace-aikacen, yana da kyau a sabunta kayan aikin Android don Gradle zuwa sigar 2.1.0.

A halin yanzu Android Studio ya fita daga sigar 0.1 zuwa 2.1.0, tare da jimla bugu 24 ciki har da na baya-bayan nan a cikin Afrilu na wannan shekara. Idan kuna son sanin kowane ɗayansu ko sabon salo, ziyarci mahaɗin mai zuwa akan shafin hukuma don saukarwa ko matsalar matsala: http://developer.android.com/tools/revisions/studio.html