Ididdigar antididdiga: Makomar Kwamfuta na Kyauta

Hace poco, en un anterior y reciente artículo de DesdeLinux ake kira «Microsoft tana fitar da Q # mai harhadawa da masu kamanceceniya»Mun ɗan yi magana game da«Ididdigar antididdiga«. Amma Menene Quantum Computing? Waɗanne fa'idodi da ci gaba yake kawowa? Wani irin Kayan aiki da Software kuke amfani dashi? kuma mafi mahimmanci a gare mu: Shin akwai ci gaba ko gudummawar Free Software a fagen antididdigar antididdiga?

A cikin wannan littafin za mu ɗan tattauna dukkan waɗannan tambayoyin don haka kamar yadda yake tare da sauran sabbin fasahohi, irin su supercomputing, hankali na wucin gadi, babban data, toshe, fasahar 5G, da sauransu, zamu iya sanin, zurfafawa da amfani da ilimin game da su.

Ididdigar antididdiga na manyan kamfanoni ne masu zaman kansu da manyan kasashen duniya daya daga cikin manyan fasahohin da zasu canza "dokokin wasan" na duniya kamar yadda muka sani. Wannan yana nufin, zai kasance ɗayan manyan sabbin abubuwa na gaba a fannin sarrafa lissafi a wannan karnin, duk da tsadarsa da karancin amfani.

A yanzu, masu bincike, cibiyoyin ilimi, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da gwamnatoci suna aiki da saka hannun jari mai yawa na kayan fasaha da kudi don amfani da ingantaccen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi akan sabbin kwamfutoci don yin ƙididdiga cikin sauri fiye da na kwamfuta mai kwakwalwa ta gargajiya.

Ididdigar antididdiga

Menene yawan lissafi?

Antididdigar antididdiga ita ce ke amfani da halaye masu yawa na abubuwan barbashimusamman ruɓewa da haɗuwa, don gudanar da matakai da aiwatar da lissafi cikin saurin ban mamaki akan tsarin gargajiya. Har yanzu fasaha ce mai tasowa wacce ke cigaba da gudana.

Tare da amfani da dokokin kayyadadden kanikanci don aiwatar da bayanai don samun saurin gudu, mu ma kun sami ikon warware matsaloli masu wahala waɗanda lissafin gargajiya bai kai ba. Kuma a ƙarshe, kwamfutocin da ke amfani da wannan fasahar suna adana ƙarin bayanai fiye da na zamani, wato, suna da damar yin aiki (aiwatarwa) adadi mai yawa na lissafi, ta hanyar gudanar da shi a layi daya kuma a cikin dakika.

Yaya kwamfutocin kwastomomi ke aiki?

Kwamfutoci na yanzu da na yau da kullun suna amfani da jere na ragin binary. Kowane ɗan abin da ake amfani da shi koyaushe yana cikin ɗayan sanannun sanannun jihohin, sifili (0) ko ɗaya (1). Waɗannan suna aiki kamar kunnawa da kashewa don sarrafa ayyukan kwamfutar.

Da bambanci, kwastomomin komputa suna amfani da ƙididdigar jimla ko ƙubits. Wanne, kowanne daga cikinsu na iya wakiltar sifili (0) da ɗaya (1) lokaci guda. Wannan yana ba da izinin waɗannan za su iya tallafawa sassan bayanai waɗanda a lokaci guda na iya kasancewa a cikin sama da ƙasa ɗaya. Wannan halayyar ita ce iyakance wacce ke cikin kwamfutocin yanzu na zamanin lissafin gargajiya wanda ke amfani da tsarin binary.

Menene kayan aiki na jimla?

Kwamfutocin Quantum ba zai iya sake amfani da kusan kowane HW da ake amfani dashi yanzu a cikin kwamfutocin gargajiya. Tunda wadannan sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan kwararar wutan lantarki ta hanyar wayoyi masu karfi wadanda ake sanyaya su zuwa yanayin zafi. Sabili da haka, sanyayarsu tana buƙatar haɗuwa da iskar gas mai ƙarfi, kamar helium-3, wanda isotope ne na helium wanda yake da matuƙar wahalar samu.

An gina kwastomomi masu yawa a yanzu a ƙarƙashin wannan ka'idar cryogenics ko super-sanyaya, amma ci gaba yana ci gaba a cikin hanyoyin da suka fi ci gaba da na gaba kamar tsarin da ya dogara da fannonin lantarki da sarrafa laser wanda zai iya magance rashin abubuwan haɗin da horo ke sha.

Har ila yau ƙasashe kamar Amurka, ta hanyar kamfanoni irin su IBM, Google da Microsoft, yana da ci gaba sosai wajen samar da kwamfutocin kansa masu yawa. Kuma China, ta hanyar kamfanoni kamar Alibaba da Baidu, baya da nisa. Rasha da Turai suna cikin shirin R&D har yanzu.

Wace irin kayan komputa ce yau?

A matakin kasuwanci, da "Kit ɗin kayyadadden kwatancin" daga Microsoft, wanda ke mallakar kayan aiki da rufaffen software. Wanda kuma za'a iya samun damar ta hanyar naka Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Microsoft, wanda ba komai bane face hanyar sadarwa wacce aka kafa ta hadaddiyar kawancen MS don cimma nasarar raba ilimi da kuma hada kai da manyan masu kirkirar kere-kere a cikin lissafi.

Sauran software na jimla daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, amma an sake su azaman Software na Kyauta, shine KYAUTA (Kayan Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Bayanai). QUISKIT wani aikin Software ne na lasisi na Apache wanda IBM ya kirkireshi. QISKIT yana ba da damar hulɗar shirye-shirye tare da mai sarrafa jimla da masu kwaikwayon IBM ta amfani da lambar Python wacce ke hulɗa da tsarin jimla ta hanyar matsakaiciyar yare mai wakiltar OPENQASM.

Wannan Kundin Tsarin Kyauta wanda ake kira QUISKIT an haifeshi a cikin 2017, lokacin da IBM ya canza aikinsa wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2016, da ake kira "Kwarewar Kwarewa”, Ta hanyarsa ne ta samar da masarrafar kumbiya-mai-qubit 5 don kowa ta girgijinta.

A yanzu QUISKIT a halin yanzu yana ƙunshe da:

• APIs: Kunshin Python a kan Quantum Experience HTTP API wanda ke ba ku damar haɗawa da aiwatar da lambar OPENQASM.
• SDKs: Kayan ci gaba don ƙarni na da'ira kuma hakan yana ba da damar amfani da QISKIT API don samun dama ga kayan aikin Kwarewar Kwarewa da masu kwaikwayon.
• Harshe: Saitin bayanai dalla-dalla, misalai, takardu da kayan aikin don matsakaiciyar wakilcin OPENQASM.

Da alama akwai wasu da yawa da ba a san su ba, amma a halin yanzu QUISKIT ya kafa mizani a matakin Free Software na kyauta. Kuma wannan yana da API a Python zai baiwa masu shirya shirye-shirye a duniya, musamman waɗanda ke fagen Free Software, damar fara gwaji da aiki tare da masarrafar kwantena da ke cikin gajimare.

ƙarshe

Ididdigar jimla, yau kyakkyawar dama ce ta bincike da haɓakawa (R&D) duka ga mutane (masana lissafi, masana ilimin lissafi, masana kimiyyar kwamfuta da masana) da kuma na jama'a da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, a fannin ilimin komputa. Kodayake a halin yanzu yana cikin ƙuruciya, wannan sabon reshe na ilimi da fasaha zai ga tasirinsa ya bayyana a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. kodayake don ganin sa a kwamfutocin mu na desktop zasu ɗauki wasu shekaru masu yawa bayan cigaban kasuwancin su.

Amma tabbas a fannin Cigaban Software Development masu zaman kansu da masu kyauta tabbas zasu ci gaba da sauri, kuma tabbas Free Software zaiyi amfani a wannan sabon yankin.