Koyi yin ba tare da yanayin zane ba

Barka dai, abu na farko shine a ce ni masoyin tashar ne (Console, shell, bash) kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ban fahimci gaskiyar cewa yawancin masu amfani da ita suna da wahalar daidaitawa da ita ba.
Da kyau a cikin wannan ina so in bar muku dokokin da za a iya amfani da su don yin abubuwan da muke yi na yau da kullun. Ayyuka kamar hawa hoto na ISO ko ƙirƙirar hoto daga CD / DVD, sauraron kiɗa, aiki akan hotuna, da dai sauransu.
A wasu kalmomin, ana iya faɗi tare da cikakken tsaro wanda za mu iya yi ba tare da yanayin zane ba 🙂

Duk wani shakku ko tambaya, korafi ko shawara game da ɗayan waɗannan umarnin (ko wani wanda ba ya bayyana a nan) ya gaya mini. Ba tare da ƙari ba ...

A can na bar lissafi ko jerin abin da ke cikin wannan sakon:

• - »Yadda ake kirkirar mahada tsakanin fayiloli
• - »Yadda ake kirkirar mahada tsakanin manyan fayiloli
• - »Createirƙiri hoton CD / DVD
• - »Duba UUID na wani bangare
• - »Haɗa kuma cire wani ISO daga babban fayil ɗin zuwa babban fayil ɗin
• - »Don bincika bayanan akan CD / DVD
• - »Neman fayiloli
• - »San nau'in fayil
• - »Gaba daya share folda
• - »Gaba daya share nau'in fayiloli a cikin babban fayil
• - »Sara ko raba fayiloli
• - »Haɗa fayilolin raba tare da rabuwa
• - »Don canza ƙudurin allo da kuma wartsakar da lokaci
• - »Takeauki hoton hoto ko hoto
• - »Maida hotuna daga tsari daya zuwa wani
• - »Canza girman hoto
• - »Canza hoto daga launuka zuwa baki da fari
• - »Createirƙiri gif mai rai tare da hotuna da yawa
• - »Cire sauti daga bidiyo
• - »Maida fayil na MPEG zuwa AVI
• - »Don kashe PC
• - »Don kashe PC bayan wani lokaci
• - »Don kashe PC a takamaiman lokaci
• - »Don sake kunna kwamfutar
• - »Sake kunna kwamfutar bayan wani lokaci
• - »Sake kunna kwamfutar a wani lokaci
• - »Yin amfani da kalkuleta.
• - »Yana nuna kaddarorin da halayen hoto.
• - »Yadda ake saita hanyar sadarwa.
• - »Duba adireshin imel.
• - "Yawo da yanar gizo.
• - »Compress and decompress duk nau'ikan fayiloli.

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Irƙira hanyoyin tsakanin fayiloli:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ ln -s / "adireshin fayil" / "adireshin-inda-za mu sanya-hanyar haɗi"/
Misali: ln -s /etc/apt/sources.list / gida / kzkggaara / Scripts /
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Irƙira hanyoyin tsakanin manyan fayiloli:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ ln -s / "adireshin babban fayil" / / "adireshin-inda-za mu sanya-hanyar haɗi" /
Misali: ln -s / var / www / / home / kzkggaara / Mai shiri /
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Createirƙiri hoto mai kama da CD / DVD:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ dd idan = / dev / cdrom na = / gida / your_user / name.iso
Wannan shine abin da zasu rubuta, ba shakka "dole ne mu canza"mai amfani da ku”Da sunan mai amfani ka (a wurina "kzkggaara") da "nombreDa duk sunan da kake so hoton ya samu.
Misali: dd idan = / dev / cdrom na = / gida / kzkggaara / Distros / archlinux-2011-05.iso
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Duba UUID na wasu bangare:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ vol_id -u / dev / "bangare-don-duba"
Misali: vol_id -u / dev / sda3
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Haɗa kuma cire hoton ISO daga babban fayil zuwa wani babban fayil:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo dutse -t iso9660 -o loop / "iso-file-address" / "babban fayil-inda-kuke so-iso-abun-ciki-don-hawa"
Misali: sudo Dutsen -t iso9660 -o madauki / gida / kzkggaara / Saukewa /archlinux-2011-05.iso / matsakaici / dan lokaci
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali tunda ana buƙatar izinin gudanarwa. Ina kuma nanata wurare tsakanin adireshi ko hanyar fayil ɗin ISO da adireshi ko hanyar babban fayil ɗin inda za a ɗora shi.
Don kwance: sudo kuDutsen / "Jakar-inda-na-hau-iso-abun ciki-"
Misali: sudo cika / matsakaici / dan lokaci
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Don bincika bayanan akan CD / DVD:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ cdck -d / dev / "na'urar-don-duba"
Misali: cdck -d / dev / cdrom1
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Neman fayiloli:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ nemo / "hanyar-inda-bincike"-sunan *. "Tsawaitar-fayiloli-muna so-bincika--bugawa
Misali: samu / gida / kzkggaara / Ayyuka / MCAnime-suna * .xcf -fitar
Note: Idan maimakon sa "-yam"Mun sanya"-sunaTo binciken zai zama mara ma'ana.
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San nau'in fayil:
Wannan umarnin zai taimaka mana sanin wane nau'in fayil ne wanda muka zaɓa. Abu ne mai sauki amma yana iya zama da amfani lokaci-lokaci.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ fayil / "adireshin fayil"
Misali: fayil / gida / kzkggaara / Saukewa /avatar.png
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Share babban fayil gaba daya:
Wannan yana taimaka mana wajen share babban fayil ko kundin adireshi tare da duk fayiloli da ƙananan fayilolin da ta ƙunsa.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ rm -r / "adireshin babban fayil"
Misali: rm -r / gida / kzkggaara / Aiki / squid-logs76 /
Note: Wannan umarni baya aikawa da jaka ko abinda ke ciki zuwa Shara, wannan yana share shi kwata-kwata. Hakanan, gwargwadon abin da kuke so ku goge, zasu buƙaci ko a'a izini na gudanarwa (idan za su share wani abu a cikin babban fayil ɗin su na sirri, babu matsala).
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Kashe nau'in fayiloli gaba ɗaya a cikin babban fayil:
Wannan yana taimaka mana wajen share nau'in fayiloli a cikin babban fayil ko shugabanci.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ rm *. "fayil-nau'in-kari-kuna so-share" / "adireshin-na-cikin-fayil-don-duba"
Misali: rm * .jpg / gida / kzkggaara / Saukewa /
Note: Wannan umarni baya aikawa da jaka ko abinda ke ciki zuwa Shara, wannan yana share shi kwata-kwata. Hakanan, gwargwadon abin da kuke so ku goge, zasu buƙaci ko a'a izini na gudanarwa (idan za su share wani abu a cikin babban fayil ɗin su na sirri, babu matsala).
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Sara ko raba fayiloli:
Wannan yana taimaka mana wajen raba fayil zuwa girman da muka bayyana.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ raba -b "duk irin girman da muke so" k / "adireshin-cikin-fayil-don-duba" «suna-na-sassan-fayil-fayil »
Misali: tsaga -b 40k /home/kzkggaara/Documentos/test.odt gwajin 1.odt
Note: Ana bayar da girman a cikin KB ta tsohuwa, idan kuna so ya kasance a cikin MB maimakon KB to kawai canza "k"by a"m".
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Shiga raba fayiloli tare da raba:
Wannan yana taimaka mana don shiga fayilolin da aka raba tare da umarnin raba.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ cat "Suna-na-sassan-fayil-fayil"*> / "Adireshin-fayil ɗin-inda-za mu sa-fayil-sau ɗaya-hade"/
Misali: cat cat1 * /home/kzkggaara/test.odt
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Don canza ƙudurin allo da kuma wartsakar da lokaci:
Wannan, kamar yadda yake faɗi a sama, yana taimaka mana don canza ƙudurin allo da hutawa lokaci (hertz) amma da farko ya zama dole a bincika abin da shawarwarin allo PC ɗinmu ke tallafawa:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo xrandr -q
Bayan duba cewa ƙudurin da muke so yana tallafawa, zamu ci gaba da canza shi ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo xrandr -s "ƙudurin da ake so" -r "lokacin hutawa da ake so"
Misali: sudo xrandr -s 1280 × 1024 -r 70
Note: Don amfani da wannan umarnin a bayyane yake cewa ya zama dole a girka yanayin tebur, tunda in ba haka ba zamu canza ƙudurin? zuwa tashar ?? LOL. Don ƙarin sani game da shi, nan muna buga takamaiman labarin game da wannan.
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Aauki hoto ko hotunan hoto:
Da wannan ne nake nuna maka yadda ake yin screenshot na teburin mu, yadda maimakon yin shi zuwa ga teburin mu gaba daya za mu iya yin shi ta taga, yadda zaka adana shi da dai sauransu ...
Amma da farko dole ne mu girka karamin kunshin 4MB da ake kira imagemagick wanda zamu iya samun duka a cikin ajiyar Ubuntu da na Debian da abubuwan banbanci. Bayan shigar dashi ...
Don kama tebur ɗin nan take:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ shigo da -window tushen / "A ina-kuke son-ceton-kamawa"
- » Misali: shigo da -window tushen /home/kzkggaara/screenshot.jpg
Don kama tebur bayan ɗan lokaci:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ barci "yawan dakika" s; shigo da -window tushen / –Da-suke-so-a-ajiye-kama-
- » Misali: barci 5s; shigo da -window tushen /home/kzkggaara/window.jpg // Kamawar zata gudana bayan daƙiƙa 5.
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Maida hotuna daga tsari daya zuwa wani:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ juyo /«Hoton-da-son-canzawa» / «Hoton-da-ya-halitta-bayan-ya canza-wanda ya gabata»
Misali: maida /home/kzkggaara/Downloads/render.png /home/kzkggaara/Downloads/render.jpg
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Canza girman hoto:
Wannan yana taimaka mana don faɗaɗa ko rage girman hoto, kuma wannan na iya taimaka mana mu rage nauyinsa.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ canza -sample "matakan girma" /«Hoton Asali» / «Hoton-wanda-za-ƙirƙira-bayan-aiki-wanda-ya gabata»
Misali: sauya -sample 800 × 600 /home/kzkggaara/screenshot.jpg /home/kzkggaara/modified-screenshot.jpg
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Canza hoto mai launi zuwa fari da fari:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ maida -sample /«Hoton Asali» -launi / «Hoton-wanda-za-ƙirƙira-bayan-aiki-wanda-ya gabata»
Misali: maida /home/kzkggaara/picture.jpg -monochrome /home/kzkggaara/picture_modified.jpg
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Irƙiri gif mai rai tare da hotuna masu yawa:
Wannan umarni ne wanda kawai na koya yan mintuna kaɗan da suka wuce haha, tare da wannan umarnin zamu iya ƙirƙirar hoto mai rai (gif) ta amfani da firam zuwa wasu hotuna da yawa ... yana da sauri da sauri, mai sauƙi kuma mafi kyau duka, ba lallai bane mu buɗe Gimp babu wani abu kamar shi yi shi haha.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sauya-jinkiri "lokaci-tsakanin-firam-da-firam" "hoto # 1" «Hotuna # 2» «hoto # 3 »«hoto # 4 » (... kuma kamar yadda suke so) "Sunan Gif" .gif
Misali: maida -delay 300 userbar1.jpg userbar2.jpg userbar3.jpg mai amfani4.jpg mai amfanibarkzkg.gif
Note: Lokaci tsakanin firam da firam (hoto da hoto) yana a cikin milliseconds, don haka 100 = 1 na biyu, 200 = sakan biyu, 2 = 300 daƙiƙa, 3 = 400 sakan, da dai sauransu dss.
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Cire sauti daga bidiyo:
Wannan wani umarni ne wanda ya bani mamaki lokacin da na same shi, haha ​​yanzu na daina bukatar wata software don cire sauti na saboda da wannan ana iya fitarwa cikin sauki, akwai kuma fa'idar cewa karin kododin da kuka girka to babu fayil din bidiyo a wanda ba za ku iya cire sautin ba daga. Don yin shi aiki kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin 'yan wasa da dukkan dogaro da yake buƙata.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ mplayer -vo null -dumpaudio -dumpfile / "fayil-mai-jiyo-don-cirewa" / «Bidiyo-daga-wacce-kuke-samun-sauti".avi
Misali: mplayer -vo null -dumpaudio -dumpfile /home/kzkggaara/test.mp3 /home/kzkggaara/Videos/Anime/project.avi
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Sanya fayil din MPEG zuwa AVI:
Na sanya wannan maimakon idan wani ya buƙace shi saboda in faɗi gaskiya ni ban ƙware ba sosai wajen sauya bidiyo daga tsari ɗaya zuwa wani, don haka ban san fa'idojin amfani da wani ko wani tsarin tsara bayanai ba, da sauransu. Don yin aiki kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin 'yan wasa da dukkan dogaro da yake buƙata.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ mencoder / "bidiyo-don-canzawa" -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec = mpeg4: vpass = 1 -oac copy -o / "video-convert"
Misali: mencoder /home/kzkggaara/Downloads/kitty.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec = mpeg4: vpass = 1 -oac copy -o /home/kzkggaara/Downloads/kittyconverted.avi
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Don rufe PC:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -h yanzu
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin izini.
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Don kashe PC bayan takamaiman lokaci:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -h + "lokacin da ake so"
Dole ne a canza ""Lokacin so"”Don lamba ko adadin mintoci jira kafin rufe tsarin.
Misali: sudo kashewa -H +10 ba // Tsarin zai rufe minti 10 bayan shiga wannan layin umarnin.
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin izini.
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Don kashe PC a takamaiman lokaci:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -h "lokacin da ake so"
Dole ne a canza ""Lokacin so"”Ta hanyar hankali lokacin da suke son tsarin ya kashe. Clock a cikin tsarin awa 24, shine; daga 0 zuwa 23.
Misali: sudo kashewa -H 22:30 // Tsarin zai rufe da karfe 22:30 na dare, wato; da 10:XNUMX na dare.
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin izini.
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Don sake kunna kwamfutar:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -r yanzu
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo sake yi
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali tunda ana buƙatar izinin izini. Hakanan, ɗayan layukan biyu da suka gabata sunyi haka; sake kunna PC.
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Don sake kunna kwamfutar bayan wani lokaci:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -r + ku"Lokacin so"
Dole ne a canza ""Lokacin so"”Don adadin ko adadin mintocin jira kafin sake kunna tsarin.
Misali: sudo kashewa -r + 10 // Tsarin zai sake yin minti 10 bayan shigar da wannan layin umarnin.
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin izini.
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Don sake kunna kwamfutar a wani takamaiman lokaci:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo kashewa -r "Lokacin so"
Dole ne a canza ""Lokacin so"”Ta hanyar hankali lokacin da suke son tsarin ya sake farawa. Clock a cikin tsarin awa 24, shine; daga 0 zuwa 23.
Misali: sudo kashewa -R 22:30 // Tsarin zai sake farawa da karfe 22:30 na dare, wato; da 10:XNUMX na dare.
Note: Wajibi ne don shigar da kalmar sirri ta asali kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin izini.
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Amfani da kalkuleta:
A ce muna son yin lissafi mai wuyar sha'ani don yin hakan ta hankali, ko kuma kawai ba ma jin daɗin tunanin hahaha, maganin wannan zai zama "bc"
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ bc
Bayan rubuta wannan umarnin mai sauki zamu iya rubuta lissafin da muke son yi:
Misali: 1 + 49/25
Kuma lokacin latsawa [Shiga] sakamakon da ake so ba zai bayyana ba. Don fita daga kalkuleta kawai mun daina.
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Ya nuna kaddarorin da halayen hoto:
Wannan umarnin zai gaya mana daidai dabi'u daban-daban na hoto, kamar ƙari, girma, da dai sauransu.
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ gano "hoto"
Misali: tantance /home/kzkggaara/banner.png
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Yadda zaka saita hanyar sadarwar:
Waɗannan dokokin da na bari a ƙasa Ina amfani da yawa don saita hanyar sadarwar cikin sabobin da katunan cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane.
Don canza adireshin IP ɗin da muka sanya:
kzkggaara @ mail-uwar garken: ~ $ ifconfig ethx XXXX
Misali: ifconfig eth0 192.168.191.1
Note: eth0 shine asalin hanyar sadarwar da aka saba (na allon) amma idan kuna da wani katin cibiyar sadarwa to zai zama eth1.
Don canja masanin yanar gizo:
kzkggaara @ mail-uwar garken: ~ $ idanconfig netmask XXXX
Don canza adireshin watsawa:
kzkggaara @ mail-uwar garken: ~ $ ifconfig watsa shirye-shirye XXXX
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Duba imel ɗin ku:
Wannan duk da cewa yadda aka nuna shi ba 'kyakkyawa' bane, tunda yana da amfani tunda mun adana samun saitunan mai sarrafa imel.
Abu na farko da zamuyi shine haɗawa zuwa sabar ta hanyar TELNET:
kzkggaara @ mail-uwar garken: ~ $ telnet «saba» 110
Misali: telnet mail.interaudit.cu 110
Note: Port 110 shine tashar shiga ta POP3.
Abu na biyu shine cewa zamu ga sakon maraba daga sabar, yanzu abin da ya biyo baya shine shiga mai amfani da mu:
Mai amfani "mai amfani da mu"
Misali: mai amfani kzkggaara
Abu na uku shine sanya kalmar shiga don kammala shiga:
wuce «kalmar wucewa»
Misali: penguin wucewa
Kuma a shirye mun riga mun shiga, a can zai gaya mana imel nawa muke da su, Na bar dokokin da ake buƙata:
jerin: yana dawo da jerin sakonni da abinda kowannensu ya mallaka a baiti.
stats: yana gaya mana sakonni nawa da muke dasu da kuma adadin bytes da suke ciki, gaba ɗaya
retr "ID ɗin wasiƙa": Nuna imel ɗin da ya dace da ID ɗin da kuka shigar.
ba "ID ɗin wasiƙa": Share adireshin imel daidai da ID ɗin da kuka shigar.
rset: Maido da sakon da muka yiwa alama domin sharewa tare da sharewa, kafin rufe zaman.
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Haɗa Intanet
Anan na bar ɗayan hanyoyi da yawa da ake dasu akan yanar gizo daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa ko kuma tashar jirgin ruwa. Ana iya yin hakan tunda za mu girka burauzar da ke aiki ba tare da sabar X ba, a wannan yanayin za mu yi amfani da shi hanyoyi 2 amma akwai wasu da yawa.
Don shigar da shi kawai mun sanya:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ sudo apt-samun shigar mahada2 (idan akwai amfani da distros dangane da Debian)
Kuma voila, yanzu kawai ya rage don samun damar yanar gizo:
kzkggaara @ geass: ~ $ links2 «yanar gizo»
Misali: hanyoyi2 www.mcanime.net
Kuma kodayake yana da wani abu daban da yadda muka saba ganinsa, amma yana taimaka mana mu ziyarci wani shafin ko nemo wasu bayanai da sauri. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ba zai loda CSS ba ko hotuna ko java rubutun haha. A ƙasa na bar gajerun hanyoyi:

ESC : Nuna Menu
C, q : Cire
^ P, ^ N : Zamewa sama, zamewa ƙasa.
(,) : Doke shi gefe hagu, dama, sama, ƙasa, zaɓi hanyar haɗi.
-> : Bi hanyar haɗi.
<- : Koma baya.
g : Jeka URL.
G : Jeka zuwa URL dangane da URL na yanzu.
/ : Duba.
? : Binciko baya.
n : Nemi gaba.
N : Bincika baya.
= : Bayanin daftarin aiki.
\ : Takardar asalin lambar aiki:
d : Don sauke.

Damfara da decompress kowane nau'in fayiloli:
Don kar in ƙara yin wannan post ɗin, na bar hanyar haɗi zuwa labarin da muka buga yana magana game da wannan: Tare da m: Damfara da decompress fayiloli