Kernel na Linux yana da abubuwan da basu "kyauta" ba ...

Alejandro (a.k.a KZKG^Gaara)

7 minti

 Labari mai kayatarwa asali wanda aka buga shi da Turanci a Libresoft.es kuma aka fassara zuwa yaren Spanish by Maris Quique wanda ke bayani dalla-dalla game da sukar Richard Stallman da FSF game da gabatarwar abubuwa "marasa kyauta" zuwa kwayar Linux, wanda shine dalilin da yasa FSF ke da aikin da ake kira LinuxFree, wanda ke kula da sabunta nau'ikan Linux Kernel amma ba tare da waɗannan abubuwan "mallakar" ba, don sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar 100% free Linux distros.


Ana kiran tsarin aikin da kuke amfani da shi ""GNU / Linux", Kuma ya kasance daga kwaya da ake kira"Linux”- Wanene dabbar penguin – kuma a kusa da shi kayan aikin da ake kira“GNU”(An yi shelar“ wildebeest ”, kamar dabbar daji ta Afirka). Dangane da bukatun, suna da makamai "rarraba"Wace ƙungiya ce ke haɗa shirye-shirye daban-daban, amma kwaya - sai dai an buga ta cikin sigar, kamar kowane shirye-shirye - ya kasance ɗaya ne a cikin su duka, tare da muhimmiyar banda cewa wasu rarrabawa suna dauke da Linux kyauta, wasu kuma Linux ne tare dakumfa”Na kayan masarufi (saboda yana hana mai amfani da shi 'yanci 4 masu mahimmanci). Debian shine ɗayan manyan rarrabuwa, wanda daga cikinsu aka samo wasu da yawa, gami da mafi amfani dasu: Ubuntu. Ba rarrabawa kyauta. Asalin labarin yana da shekara ɗaya, amma yawancin masu amfani suna cin abincin safe ne kawai ...

Kwanakin baya, Na sami damar halartar jawabin Richard M. Stallman, game da asalin kayan aikin kyauta (Ee, zancen Stallman na yau da kullun). Daga cikin dukkan batutuwan da ya tattauna, ya yi magana game da Linux ba software ba kyauta. Ya ce a cikin lambar tushe da Linux ta rarraba za ku iya samun software ta kyauta. Da farko, na zaci ya wuce gona da iri, kuma ban tambaye shi game da hakan ba.

Amma da'awar ta haskaka ta wata jaridar Sifen, kuma an yi sharhi a kan shafuka kamar bardot.com. Arshen muhawarar ita ce, kamar yadda aka saba, 'yan jarida ba su da masaniya game da software kyauta, lambar buɗe ido da duk waɗannan.

Na yanke shawarar kara bincike don gano ko Stallman yayi gaskiya. Na gano cewa akwai kunshin tushen kernel na tushen kodin na Linux wanda Gidauniyar Free Software Foundation ta rarraba, wanda ake kira LinuxFree. Don fadin gaskiya, akwai jerin abubuwan da aka rarraba na yau da kullun waɗanda ke rarraba (abin da ake kira) sigar kyauta ta Linux. Abin mamaki, zaka sami Debian GNU / Linux a cikin su. Nace abin mamaki saboda an san Debian mai tsananin tsauri idan yazo da kayan aikin kyauta. Idan wani software bai hadu daSharuɗɗan Software na Debian Kyauta, ba a haɗa shi cikin rarrabawa ba.

Ta yaya suke rarraba kayan aikin kyauta?

Komawa ga LinuxFree, suma suna rarraba rubutun da ake amfani dasu don cire ɓangarorin da basu kyauta ba na lambar tushe daga Debian Linux kernel (upstream). Don sabon sigar da na duba (2.6.28), rubutun yana cire ko gyaggyara fayilolin lambar tushe 28. Ga cikakken jerin fayilolin tuhuma, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa lambar tushe a cikin wurin ajiyar Linux Git:

Bari mu zaɓi ɗaya bazuwar Misali, direbobin fayil / net / ixp2000 / ixp2400_rx.ucode. Ga wani yanki daga wannan fayil ɗin:

.insns = (u8 []) {
                      0xf0, 0x00, 0x0c, 0xc0, 0x05,
                      0xf4, 0x44, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x05,
                      0xfc, 0x04, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x00,

(Layi iri ɗaya 120)

0xe0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
                      0xe0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
                      0xe0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
                   }

Menene wancan? Shine firmware na cibiyar sadarwar yanar gizo, mai yiwuwa ana amfani dashi a cikin katunan cibiyar sadarwa, ko watakila nayi kuskure kuma wasu nau'ikan kayan aiki ne. A kowane hali, an haɗa shi a cikin Debian Linux kernel source code rarraba (sama da ƙasa).

Kodayake an saka shi a cikin fayil na lambar tushe, wancan yanki na software ya zo cikin tsari na binary. Ana kiransa kumfa (bulo). Saboda wannan ba shi yiwuwa a gyara shi. Watau, ba kyauta ba ce software. Mafi haɗari, ba shi yiwuwa a san idan wancan yanki na software ɗin yana yin abin da ya kamata ya yi, ko wani abu dabam. Kasancewa mai kula da hanyar sadarwa, a bayyane yake cewa yanki ne mai hatsari na kwaya.

Sauran fayilolin sun ƙunshi abubuwa iri ɗaya.

Shin an haɗa wannan yanki mara kyauta a cikin Debian (da sauran rarrabawa) ba tare da kowa ya lura ba? A'a, ba haka bane. Don faɗi gaskiya, tattaunawa mai ƙarfi ta juya zuwa aikin, wanda aka warware shi kuri'ar mambobin aikin.

Zaɓin nasara shine wasauka cewa kumfa suna bin GPL sai dai idan an tabbatar da hakan.

Abin dariya. Abu ne mai sauqi ka tabbatar da akasin hakan. Kawai kokarin fahimtar abin da jahannama wannan yanki yake yi. Ko mafi kyau duka, gyara shi, sake tattara shi, kuma duba idan har yanzu yana aiki.

Bayan wannan jefa kuri'a, sakataren debian yayi murabus saboda an zarge shi da yin magudi a kirga kuri'u (abin da bai yi ba).

Idan ka karanta duk zaɓuɓɓukan, za ka ga cewa akwai manyan fannoni biyu: samun sabon saki don masu amfani su ji daɗin sabon Debian, ko tsabtace rarraba ɓangarorin da ba na kyauta ba. Yana da sabanin cewa Bayanin Debian a ce “[Debian GNU / Linux] ya kamata wata ƙungiya ta sanya don ci gaban nasara da kare software kyauta ba tare da matsi na riba ko riba ba.

Koyaya, suna turawa don sakin Lenny kuma suna ɓoye ɓangarorin da ba kyauta ba ƙarƙashin kilishi.

A takaice, Linux yana rarraba kamfanonin binary-kawai, ɓoye azaman fayilolin lambar tushe (ko kumfa), kuma Debian tana sane da hakan, kuma yana ci gaba da rarraba su duk da haka. Sun ɗauka cewa waɗancan fayilolin binar kawai ba sa keta Dokokin Software na Debian Free.

Idan aka kalli duk wannan labarin, Theodore Ts'o, mai haɓaka kernel, ya kare zaɓi na karɓar kumfa a matsayin mai yarda da GPL. Ya daukaka tsohuwar muhawara tsakanin aiki tare da aiki da manufa, yana mai cewa kamfanonin da ke dauke da lambar binary kawai sun zama dole don biyan bukatun masu amfani, kuma cewa kare Free Software da kanta yana fifita ra'ayoyi sama da mutane.

Abu ne mai sauki a zargi Stallman ko Debian saboda kasancewarsa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini, waɗanda suka fifita ra'ayoyi sama da mutane. Kodayake ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a zargi wasu kamar OpenBSD. OpenBSD ya haɗa da software kyauta don dalilan tsaro (1). Idan ba za su iya karanta lambar ba, ba za su iya amincewa da ita ba. OpenBSD ya ƙi haɗawa da kowane irin kumfa, saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

  • Ba za a iya tallafawa kumfa ta masu siyarwa ba a kowane lokaci.
  • Ba za a iya tallafawa kumfa ta masu haɓakawa ba.
  • Ba za a iya gyara kumbura ta masu haɓakawa ba.
  • Ba za a iya inganta kumfa ba.
  • Ba za a iya tantance kumfa ba.
  • Bubbles ƙayyadaddun gine-gine ne, sabili da haka basu da matsala.
  • Bubbles suna da yawa fiye da ƙari.

Idan kumfa ya kasance GPL, da ba zai sami waɗannan matsalolin ba. Idan duk wannan tattaunawar ta kumfar ta addini ce, OpenBSD ba ta da matsala haɗe da su a cikin tsarin ku.

Ina mamakin tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka don haɗawa da Linux zuwa farkon kumfa sharri kuma za a rarraba shi ta hanyar ɓangare na uku kamar Debian. Wataƙila kowa zai ba zato ba tsammani ya gane cewa kumfa ba software ba ce ta kyauta, da haɗarin da ke cikin software ɗin ba kyauta (wanda ya fi muni idan muka rufe idanunmu kuma muka ci gaba da tunanin cewa har yanzu software ce ta kyauta).

(1) Bayanin Mai Fassara: A shafin da aka buga wannan labarin, sharhi mai zuwa yana bayyana: “Ba ku da kuskure, Ina amfani da OpenBSD kuma yana zuwa da hotuna masu tsarrai marasa binary kyauta. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da haka gaskiya ne. " (Ba ku yi kuskure ba. Ina amfani da OpenBSD kuma ya zo tare da firmware ba ta kyauta ba. Abin baƙin ciki, duk da haka gaskiya ne.)


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  1.   raulisesg m
    sa 11 shekaru

    Don haka wane rarraba Linux kyauta ne? !!

    Amsa zuwa Raulisesg
  2.   Bari muyi amfani da Linux m
    sa 11 shekaru

    Gaskiyar ita ce, su kaɗan ne ...

    Amsa Bari muyi amfani da Linux
  3.   sharri m
    sa 11 shekaru

    Ba albishir bane amma kuma ba afuwa bane, a ganina cewa galibin wadancan kumfa din direbobi ne kuma galibi ba'a girka su sai dai idan mai amfani ya aikata hakan a bayyane, kuma gabaɗaya akwai zaɓuɓɓuka kyauta ga waɗancan direbobin tare da fa'idodi da rashin nasarar hakan daukawa.

    Amsa wa zalunci
  4.   Joshua Hernandez Rivas m
    sa 11 shekaru

    mmmmm …… ..wannan yana da matukar damuwa, saboda ban ma san menene abubuwan da ke cikin pc dina suke aiki ba tare da kumfa ba, kasan dai babu wanda zai iya sani idan kumfar tayi wani abu ba abinda ya kamata.

    Amsa wa Josue Hernandez Rivas