RPM marufi. Sashe na 2: ka'idar fayilolin SPEC

Alejandro (a.k.a KZKG^Gaara)

2 minti

 Sihirin RPMs shine duk umarnin don kunshin an haɗa su a cikin fayil ɗin SPEC guda ɗaya. Tabbas, da farko ya kamata ku fahimce shi, kuma wani lokacin ba sauki ...

Menene fayil ɗin SPEC?

Asali, fayil din ne yake nuna yadda ake ginawa, girkawa da cirewa.

Umarnin da zamu baku sun kasu kashi-kashi, wanda kuma sune macros. Waɗannan su ne matakan farko waɗanda akwai:

  1. % shiryawa: Ba a buɗe kafofin ba kuma an yi amfani da faci.
  2. % gina: An tattara binaries
  3. % duba: An tabbatar cewa an tattara shi daidai.
  4. % girka: An gudanar da rawar shigarwa.
  5. % fayiloli: Jera duk fayilolin da zasu bayyana a cikin fakitin. Hakanan ana amfani dashi galibi don sanya sifofi. Idan akwai wani fayil wanda ba a lissafa shi ba, ba za a gina shi ba.

Wasu SPEC na iya ba su da wasu matakan. Ba su da tilas.

Akwai wasu matakai waɗanda ake kira rubutattun takardu. na musamman ne saboda ba'a aiwatar dasu lokacin da aka gina kunshin, amma lokacin da aka sanya shi ko aka cire shi. Kuna iya tsara maɓallin kunnawa don gudana lokacin da aka sanya wani kunshin. Wannan ɗayan manyan fa'idodi waɗanda RPM ke dashi akan fayilolin DEB.

Babban rikici tare da RPMs shine yana da tsari iri ɗaya don komai. Wato, duk waɗannan kalmomin na musamman sun gabata da alamar kashi (%) su ne RPM macros, amma akwai macros na kowane irin:

  • Ayyuka (% saiti,% saita,% faci…)
  • Tsararrun masu canji (% _bindir,% dist dist)
  • Definedididdigar da aka bayyana a cikin SPEC kanta (% buildroot,% suna,% version ...)
  • Tsayayyun sassan (% bayanin,% canji…)
  • Matakai (% gina,% shigar…)
  • Abubuwa (% jawo,% jawo un)
  • Rubutun rubutu (% pretrans,% postun…)

Don sanin yadda ake amfani da takamaiman macro, hanya guda ita ce nemi shawarwari. Da kyau a zahiri koyaushe zaku iya amfani da wasu dabaru kamar kalli yadda akeyin SPEC daga kunshi kwatankwacin naka, ko hanyar gwaji da kuskure. Wata biyu umarni masu amfani:

rpmbuild --showrc # Nuna duk macros ɗinka
rpmbuild --eval = "% macro_name" # Nuna fadada macro

Macros iri ɗaya ne idan suna da sashi a kusa da su. Idan akwai alamar tambaya bayan sashi, zai zama fanko idan babu wani abin da zai fadada. Misali, 1% {? Rarraba} zai fadada zuwa 1.fc16 a cikin Fedora 16, amma a cikin wani distro zai tsaya kamar yadda yake 1.

Macros yana fadada har ma a cikin sharhi. Don hana shi yaduwa, yi amfani da kashi biyu a jere. Misali, saitin %% zai zama kamar % saiti a zahiri ta hanyar faɗaɗawa.

Fitar da sha'awarka

Mun riga mun kasance akan kashi na biyu na wannan darasin kuma har yanzu baku san abin da zamu tattara ba, don haka ga bidiyon don buɗe bakinku:

Wasan da za mu tattara shi ne sosai jaraba. Ina ba da shawarar kada ku kammala karatun idan har ba ku da lokaci bayan ɓata hoursan awannin rayuwar ku da wannan ...

< < Karanta sashin farko na koyawan marufi na RPM


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