Qemu-Kvm + Virt-Manajan kan Debian - Hanyar Sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs

Janar jeri na jerin: Hanyoyin sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs: Gabatarwa

A cikin Mayu 2013 mun buga a cikin wannan shafin, labarai biyu sadaukar domin shigarwa na Kumu-Kvm in Debian 7 «Haushi«. Suna nan har yanzu. Kamar yadda yanayin shigarwa da sanyawa a cikin Debian 8 "Jessie" ya ɗan canza, muna son sabunta aikin.

Ba zai zama wanin ba kafin ka nutsar da kanka cikin karatun wannan Yadda za a yi, za su ziyarci labarin da ya gabata Tuwarewa a cikin Debian: Gabatarwa - Hanyar Sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMBs, don samun ɗan fahimta kan batun.

Shafukan da muke ba da shawarar ziyarta

• Kayan Kernel na Virtual
• Hypervisor
• Jerin Takaddun Red Hat
• Gudanar da Farawa Jagora
• Viraddamar da tuarfafawa da Jagorar Gudanarwa
• Tunatarwa ta Inganci da Jagorar Ingantawa
• Jagorar Tsaro ta Karfafawa
• Canza injina na kama-da-wane daga wasu masu kulawa zuwa KVM tare da -v2v
• Ayyukan Libvirt
• Tungiyar Virt-Manager
• Kungiyar KVM ta Linux
• Kungiyar Qemu

Lura

• Muna kwafin fitowar umarnin, saboda suna da aiki sosai fiye da kowane kayan aikin da muka rubuta. Muna ba da shawarar ku karanta saƙonnin umarni daban-daban a hankali, tunda yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin koyo ba tare da zuwa binciken Intanet ba. Akalla wannan ra'ayinmu ne.

Shigarwa

Mun fara daga girkawa na asali na Debian "Jessie" kamar yadda muka gani a ciki Girkawar Aiki - Hanyar Sadarwar Komputa don SMEs. Sannan, mun shigar da Desktop ko Desktop ɗin abin da muke so kamar yadda muka gani a ciki 6 Debian Desktops - Sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs.

Don wannan labarin mun zaɓi Desktop Cinnamon. Mun zaɓi shi ne saboda yawancin masu karatu suna son wannan yanayin tebur. 😉

Janar bayanan aikin mu sune:

Sunan Yanki: desdelinux.fan
Sunan ƙungiyar: sysadmin
FQDN: sysadmin.desdelinux.fan
Adireshin IP: 192.168.10.3
SubNet: 192.168.10.0/24
Mai amfani na al'ada: Buzz
Cikakken sunan mai amfani: Debian Na farko OS Buzz

Muna bincika tallafi don ƙwarewa

A cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa muna aiwatarwa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ egrep -c "(svm | vmx)" / proc / cpuinfo
2

A halinmu, umarnin ya dawo mana da cewa muna da CPU guda 2 tare da tallafi mai dacewa.

Kunshin da zamu girka

Da farko dai, zamu gano cewa zamu girka ta amfani da waɗannan umarnin:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ binciken fasaha kvm
p ikvm - Injin Java mai rumfa na CLI          
v kvm                             - p libicsharpcode-nrefactory-ikvm5 - C # Laburaren Karatu da Sauyawa - IKVM p libikvm-na asali - laburare na IKVM.NET p nova-compute-kvm - OpenStack Compute - lissafin kumburi (KVM)    
p qemu-kvm - QEMU Cikakken ƙawancen aiki akan kayan aikin x86

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ƙwarewar nuna nova-lissafta-kvm
Kunshin: nova-compute-kvm Sabo: ee Matsayi: ba a shigar da Sigo ba: 2014.1.3-11 Babban fifiko: kari Sashi: net Developer: PKG OpenStack Gine-gine: duk girman da bai matsa ba: 50.2k Ya dogara da: adduser, dpkg-dev, qemu-kvm | kvm, libvirt-daemon-system, nova-common, nova-compute, python-libvirt Dogara akan: dpkg (> = 1.15.6 ~) Ba da shawara: baƙon baƙi Ya yi rikici da: nova-baremetal, nova-compute-lxc, nova- compute-qemu, nova-compute-uml, nova-compute-xen Yana bayarwa: nova-compute-hypervisor Bayani: OpenStack Compute - lissafin kumburi (KVM) OpenStack abin dogara ne na kayan girgije. Manufarsa ita ce samar da dandamali mai ƙididdigar girgije a ko'ina wanda zai sadu da bukatun masu samar da girgije na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ba tare da la'akari da girman su ba, ta hanyar sauƙaƙa aiwatarwa da yawaita. OpenStack Compute, mai sunan Nova, shi ne mai kula da masana'anta mai sarrafa girgije wanda aka tsara don ya zama mai sauƙin fahimta da sauƙin faɗaɗawa da daidaitawa. Baya ga "asalinsa" OpenStack API, yana kuma tallafawa Amazon EC2 API, kuma yana tallafawa da yawa bayanan bayanan baya (gami da SQLite, MySQL, da PostgreSQL), hypervisors (KVM, Xen), da kuma tsarin adireshin mai amfani (LDAP, SQL) ). Wannan kunshin dogaro ne don lissafin nodes ta amfani da KVM. Babban shafi: http://www.openstack.org/software/openstack-compute/

• Ba za mu shigar da kunshin ba OpenStack, saboda ba ma buƙatar cikakken kayan aikin haɓaka don girgije - Cloud. '????

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ƙwarewar nuna qemu-kvm
Kunshin: qemu-kvm Sabo: ee Matsayi: ba a shigar da Multi-Arch: foreignasashen waje ba: 1: 2.1 + dfsg-12 + deb8u1 Fifiko: zaɓi na Sashe: misc Developer: Debian QEMU Team Gine-gine: amd64 Girman mara nauyi: 60.4 k Ya dogara da: qemu-system-x86 (> = 1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~) Yana da rikici tare da: kvm Hutu: qemu-system-x86 (<1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~ ) Supersedes: qemu-system-x86 (<1.7.0 + dfsg-2 ~) Yana bayarwa: kvm Bayani: QEMU Cikakken tsarin aiki akan x86 kayan aikin QEMU mai saurin sarrafa emulator ne. Wannan kunshin yana ba da rubutun kunsa kawai / usr / bin / kvm wanda ke gudanar da qemu-system-x86 a cikin yanayin kvm don daidaitawar baya. Lura cewa tsoffin fayilolin sanyi qemu-kvm (in / etc / kvm /) ba'a amfani dasu.

Babban shafi: http://www.qemu.org/

Mun shigar da tsarin ƙirar ƙirar Qemu-Kvm

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo gwaninta shigar da qemu-kvm libvirt-bin gada-kayan aiki
Za a shigar da sabbin kunshin nan masu zuwa:     
  augeas-ruwan tabarau {a} gada-kayan amfani dmeventd {a} ebtables {a} ethtool {a} hdparm {a} ipxe-qemu {a} libaio1 {a} libapparmor1 {a} libaugeas0 {a} libboost-thread1.55.0 {a } libdevmapper-event1.02.1 {a} libfdt1 {a} libiscsi2 {a} liblvm2cmd2.02 {a} libnetcf1 {a} libnuma1 {a} librados2 {a} librbd1 {a} libreadline5 {a} libseccomp2 {a} libspice-server1 {a} libvdeplug2 {a} libvirt-bin libvirt-abokan ciniki {a} libvirt-daemon {a} libvirt-daemon-system {a} libvirt0 {a} libx86-1 {a} libxen-4.4 {a} libxenstore3.0 { a} libxml2-utils {a} lvm2 {a} netcat-openbsd {a} pm-utils {a} powermgmt-base {a} qemu-kvm qemu-system-common {a} qemu-system-x86 {a} qemu -utils {a} seabios {a} vbetool {a} fakiti guda 0 da aka sabunta, sababbi 42 an girka, 0 za a cire kuma ba a sabunta ba. Ina bukatan zazzage fayiloli dubu 0 kB / 8,422 MB. Bayan ya kwashe kayan, za'a yi amfani da MB 14.8. Kuna so ku ci gaba? [Y / n /?] Kuma

Muhimmanci

• Kamar yadda muke girkawa a kan Desktop, zamu buƙaci dubawa don gudanar da KVM. Idan muna girkawa akan sabobin daya ko fiye, duka shigarwar Desktop da shigarwar Virtual Machine Komin dabbobi, cewa zamu girka daga baya. Ca kan wani misali guda ɗaya na wannan zane-zane, za mu iya sarrafa duk sabar da muka shigar da fakitin a ciki qemu-kvm, mai kwalliyar kwalliya y gada-kayan aiki.

• Babban aljan - daemon na virtualization ne kamfani. Don sanin matsayin da muke aiwatarwa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl status libvirtd
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo sabis na libvirtd

• Idan a cikin fitowar kowane ɗayan umarnin da ya gabata, mun karanta wasu layuka a cikin ja, yana da lafiya sake kunna sabis ɗin kamfani kuma sake dubawa, ko sake kunna kwamfutar kuma bincika. Ya scriptsabis. sabis wanda ke tuƙi tsarin tsarin, ana samunsa a ciki /lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service. Lura cewa zamu iya kiran wannan aljanin a tsohuwar hanya shima, shine:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo sabis libvirtd
Amfani: /etc/init.d/libvirtd {fara | dakatar | sake kunnawa | sake loda | tilasta-sake | yanayi | tilastawa-tsayawa}

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd sake kunnawa buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo service libvirtd status
● libvirtd.service - tuarfafawa daemon
   Loaded: ɗora Kwatancen (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; kunna)
   Aiki: aiki (gudu) tun Rana 2016-11-27 11:23:53 EST; 8min ago Docs: mutum: libvirtdtd (8) http://libvirt.org Babban PID: 1112 (libvirtd) CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service └─1112 / usr / sbin / libvirtd

• El script located in /etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86, shine ke kula da shigar da ingantattun kayayyaki don aikin Qemu-Kvm daidai. Bayan yayi aikinsa cikin nasara, anyi shi. Idan muka bincika matsayinta, zai dawo cewa yana da 0 ko ya ci nasara.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl status qemu-system-x86 ● qemu-system-x86.service - LSB: QEMU KVM module loading script Loaded: load (/etc/init.d/qemu-system-x86)
   Aiki: aiki (an fita) tun Rana 2016-11-27 11:18:17 EST; 18min da suka gabata Tsarin aiki: 172 ExecStart = / sauransu / init.d / qemu-system-x86 farawa (lambar = fita, hali = 0 / SAMUNTA)

• Idan muna da son sani kuma muna son sanin waɗanne kayayyaki ne da wuraren su, za mu aiwatar da su:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo updatedb

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ gano wuri kvm | shafawa ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-amd.ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ls -l /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/
duka 1016 -rw-r - r-- 1 tushen asalin 97120 17 Jul 2015 XNUMX kvm-amd.ko
-rw-r - r-- 1 tushen asalin 223680 Jul 17 2015 kvm-intel.ko
-rw-r - r-- 1 tushen asalin 715920 Jul 17 2015 kvm.ko

Mun shigar da Manajan Injin Masarufi

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ƙwarewa shigar da kyakkyawan manajan
[sudo] kalmar sirri don buzz: Za a shigar da sabbin kunshin nan masu zuwa: gir1.2-gtk-vnc-2.0 {a} gir1.2-libvirt-glib-1.0 {a} gir1.2-yaji-abokin ciniki-glib-2.0 {a} gir1.2-yaji-abokin ciniki-gtk-3.0 {a} libvirt-glib-1.0-0 {a} Python-ipaddr {a} python-libvirt {a} python-urlgrabber {a} mai sarrafa manajan kusan- mai kallo {a} virtinst {a} an sabunta fakiti 0, an girka sababbi 11, an cire 0, kuma ba a sabunta 0 ba. Ina bukatan zazzage fayiloli 2,041 kB. Bayan kwashe kayan, za'a yi amfani da MB 12.5. Kuna so ku ci gaba? [Y / n /?] Kuma

• Bayan shigar da kunshin, muna tuntuɓar:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat /usr/share/doc/virt-manager/README.Debian 
Ikon Shiga ============== Ikon shiga cikin soket din libvirt mambobi ne a cikin kungiyar "libvirt". Idan kana son sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane kamar mara tushe kana bukatar ka kara mai amfani da kai zuwa wannan rukunin ko kuma kayi amfani da uris na zama kamar qemu: /// zaman. Duba kuma /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian. - Guido Guenther Alhamis, 04 Jun 2010 11:46:03 +0100

• Abinda ke sama yana nuna cewa dole ne mu sanya mai amfani buzz memba na vungiyar libvirt don samun damar sabon shigarwar da aka sanya:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo adduser buzz libvirt
Dingara mai amfani 'buzz' zuwa rukuni na 'libvirt' ... dingara kugi mai amfani ga ƙungiyar libvirt Anyi.

• Yanzu mun rufe zaman kuma mun sake farawa. Bayan shigar da Kirfan Cinfinmu, za mu je Menu -> Gudanarwa -> Manajan Injin Masarufi, kuma muna samun damar haɗin gwanon gudanarwa na KVM ɗin mu.

Hanyoyin sadarwar Virtual a cikin Manajan Injin Virtual

Duk da cewa Manajan Injin ɗin ɗin mai sauƙin amfani ne kuma tare da aikin yau da kullun zamu iya samun digiri na biyu a cikin amfaninta, muna ba da tip akan yadda za'a gyara cibiyar sadarwar da Qemu-Kvm ta girka ta tsohuwa.

Muna kewaya naka Menu -> Shirya -> Bayanin haɗi, kuma je zuwa shafin «Hanyoyin sadarwar Virtual«. Idan mun latsa mahadar Sanya IPv4, da Red, kuma yana sanar damu cewa an kunna sabar DHCP don ita. Wannan sabar tana gudana albarkacin kunshin dnsmasq-tushe, wanda aka shigar.

Don ƙarin bayani, duba fayil ɗin: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.

Idan muna so mu canza tsarin cibiyar sadarwa «tsoho«, Za mu ci gaba kamar haka:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml.original
tsoho 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nano /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
tsoho 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl sake farawa libvirtd
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl status libvirtd

Idan da bamu rufe Manajan Injini na Virtual ba kafin sake kunna shi aljani kamfani, za mu karɓi saƙon kuskure mai zuwa, wanda yake al'ada ne don wannan ya faru:

Dole ne kawai mu rufe Manajan Virt-Manajan kuma sake bude shi. Mun dawo zuwa ɓangaren Tsarin Haɗin Sadarwar Virtual, kuma mun tabbatar da cewa cibiyar sadarwar tsoho, kun riga kuna da sigogin da aka gyara.

Muna ba da shawarar kunna farawa na atomatik na hanyar sadarwa tsoho, ta hanyar duba akwatin «Sauke kansa".

Ma'aji a cikin Virt-Manager

Wani abin da muke so mu tabo shi ne Adana - Storage a cikin Virt-Manager. Ta hanyar tsoho, babban fayil ɗin tsarin don adana duk hotunan injunan kama-da-wane yana / var / lib / libvirt / hotuna. A ce muna da rumbun kwamfutarka gabaɗaya sadaukar da wannan aikin, kuma mun ɗora shi a gaba / gida / vms. Don ƙara shi zuwa Manajan Virt-Manajan, muna kewaya ta cikin Menu -> Shirya -> Cikakkun bayanan Haɗin -> Ma'aji. A kusurwar hagu ta ƙasa mun danna maballin «+«. Sannan kuma mayen «Createirƙiri guga ajiya":

Bari muyi la'akari da nau'ukan adana da zamu iya zaɓa daga. Cikakken takardun da za mu samu a ciki Viraddamar da tuarfafawa da Jagorar Gudanarwa, daga Jar Hat. Za mu zaɓi farkon «dir: Fayilolin Tsarin Fayil".

A ƙarshen mayen, sabon tankin ajiyar yana Aiki kuma tare da farawa ta atomatik.

Na'urar kirkira ta farko

Dole ne mu bincika ta, kuma mu karanta zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban waɗanda Mai Gudanarwar Manaja ke bayarwa. Bari mu lura a cikin hoton waɗanda aka nuna daga baya, cewa idan muka kai ga bugun sabuwar na'urar da aka kirkira kuma kafin Fara shigarwa, a cikin zaɓi «processor«, Mun yiwa akwatin alama "Kanfigareshan" Kwafa daidaiton CPU daga kwamfutar mai masauki. Maiyuwa bazai zama lallai ayi haka ba, amma muna manne da shawarar Debian da aikin uwar garken HP.

Don ƙarin bayani, duba fayil ɗin: /usr/share/doc/libvirt-bin/README.Debian.

Za mu ƙara kawai cewa sama da shekaru uku, muna da wannan ƙirar aikin haɓaka a cikin samarwa a cikin kamfanoni biyu. Duk da gazawar wutar lantarki, kwamfutoci na al'ada «saba»Don su yi aiki a matsayin bayi, kuma daga dukkan matsalolin da ka iya faruwa a cikin ƙasa da ba ta ci gaba ba irin tamu, da Kumu-Kvm koyaushe yana aiki daidai, kazalika da sabobin kama-da-wane waɗanda suke aiki a kai.

Muna fatan wannan labarin yana da amfani a gare ku.

Isarwa na gaba?

«Virsh akan Debian«

Ka tuna cewa wannan zai zama jerin labaran ta Hanyoyin sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs. Za mu jira ku!