Amfani da fayil azaman musayar ajiya (SWAP)

Author: Maikel Llamaret Heredia An sanya a shafin na GUTL.

Da daɗewa, GNU / Linux, an iyakance shi ta amfani da sashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya guda ɗaya na matsakaicin 128 MB, wani abu mai matukar suka daga masu zagin Linus Torvalds.

Abin farin ciki, a zamanin yau babu irin wannan iyaka, kuma yana yiwuwa kuma a yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kamar yadda ake buƙata don biyan bukatun kowane tsarin.

Wani lokaci, bayan shigar da tsarinmu zamu sami kanmu cikin buƙatar haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya SWAP cewa mun saita lokacin shigarwa, wani abu da za'a iya aiwatar dashi ta hanya mai sauƙi ta ƙara girman ɓangaren da aka zaɓa don waɗannan dalilai. Amma ... Me za a yi idan ba ku so ku taɓa teburin bangare?

Menene SWAP kuma yaya yake aiki?

A sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sarari ko Swap, shine abin da aka sani da ƙwaƙwalwar kama-da-wane. Bambanci tsakanin ainihin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ita ce, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta kamala tana amfani da sararin faifai mai ƙarfi maimakon ɗakunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Lokacin da ainihin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta ƙare, sai tsarin ya kwafe wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ke ciki kai tsaye zuwa wannan sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar don yin wasu ayyuka.

Amfani da SWAP yana da fa'idar samar da ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar da ake buƙata lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar gaske ta ƙare kuma ana buƙatar aiwatar da tsari. Abunda ya rage shine sakamakon amfani da sarari akan diski, amfani da rumbun yana a hankali.

Yi amfani da fayil azaman musayar musayar

Wannan hanyar ba ta buƙatar yin canje-canje ga teburin bangare na maɓallin diski. Mafi dacewa ga masu amfani da gogewa, ga waɗanda suke so su guji ɗaukar haɗari yayin canza teburin bangare na rumbun kwamfutansu, ko don waɗanda ke buƙatar fiye da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na lokaci-lokaci, ko ta halin da ake ciki.

La'akari da cewa za'a iya sanya fayil ɗin canzawa a cikin kowane kundin adireshi a kan diski mai wuya, ana aiwatar da umarnin dd, yana tantance cewa za a rubuta sifili (idan = / dev / sifili) don ƙirƙirar fayil / musanya (na = / musanya), a cikin tubalan 1024tes bytes (bs = 1024) har sai an kammala wani adadi a cikin baiti (ƙidaya = [yawa da aka ninka ta darajar bs]). Misali mai zuwa yana yin sama har sai an kammala baiti 524288000 (an raba shi da 1024 daidai yake da 512MB):

Don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin da za mu yi amfani da shi azaman SWAP, za mu buɗe na'urar wasan bidiyo kuma mu rubuta mai zuwa (a matsayin tushen):

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=512000

Matakin da ke sama na iya ɗaukar secondsan daƙiƙoƙi, da fatan za a yi haƙuri. Bayan haka, don tsara fayil ɗin da aka kirkira azaman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, za mu aiwatar da umarnin musa, kamar haka (koyaushe azaman tushe):

mkswap /swap

Za a dawo da ku tare da fitarwa a kan na'urar wasan kwatankwacin mai zuwa:

Kafa swapspace version 1, girman = 511996 KiB babu lakabi, UUID = fed2aba5-77c6-4780-9a78-4ae5e19c506b

Don kunna bangare, kuma ana amfani dashi kai tsaye ta tsarin aiki, aiwatar da umarnin musayar. A halin mu zamu kunna azaman s Memory Memory bangare / swap file da muka kirkira kuma muka tsara SWAP a matakan da suka gabata:

swapon /swap

Don tabbatar da cewa sabon fayil ɗin swap ana amfani dashi ta tsarin aiki, zamu sake aiwatar da umarnin free kuma zamu ga cewa an ƙara ƙarfin sabon fayil ɗin zuwa farkon ƙwaƙwalwar SWAP.

Domin amfani da wannan fayil ɗin azaman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta atomatik a boot na gaba, zamu gyara  / sauransu / fstab (ta amfani da nano, gedit, kate, kwrite, vim ko editan rubutu mai kyau da kuka zaba), ƙara layin da ya dace, kamar haka, inda maimakon na'urar, an sanya hanyar fayil ɗin canzawa da aka kirkira:

Mun bude fayil din

nano /etc/fstab

Kuma mun ƙara:

/swap         swap      swap     defaults               0 0

Shirya !!!!

Zamu iya sake yin tsarin kuma mu gwada cewa kwakwalwar mu ta karu tare da amfani da sabon fayil SWAP. Kawai abin da muka aikata shine ƙirƙirar fayil a cikin tushen tsarin, tsara shi SWAP kuma ka gaya mana GNU / Linux don amfani dashi azaman musayar musayar, tare da ɓangaren da muke da shi don wannan dalili.

Wani abu mai sauki amma hakan na iya zama da amfani ga yawancin mu ... Ba tare da bata lokaci ba ...