La virarfafawa ta zama al'ada gama gari, musamman a cikin ayyukan girgije don samun damar samun ƙarin sabar a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai. Amma kwanan nan, ƙwarewar ƙa'idodin kwantena shine wanda ake ɗorawa, tunda yana ba da damar gudanar da ƙwarewa sosai (ta hanyar rashin kwafin wasu matakai). Kuma a wannan ƙwanƙolin ne yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Docker da Kubernetes suka tashi.
Shahararrun ayyuka guda biyu, waɗanda wataƙila kun riga kun sani. Dukansu tare da fa'idodi da rashin amfani, kuma tare da bambance-bambance hakan na iya zama mabuɗin idan ya taimake ka zaɓi aiki bisa ga bukatun ka ...
Menene ƙwarewar tushen kwantena?
Kamar yadda kuka sani, akwai da yawa nau'ikan ƙwarewakamar cikakke ƙwarewa, aiki na gaba, da dai sauransu. Da kyau, a cikin wannan ɓangaren zan mai da hankali kan cikakkiyar ƙa'ida wacce ake amfani da ita gabaɗaya yayin hawa injunan kama-da-wane, da kwantena, don kar in gabatar da wasu masu canji da zasu rikitar da ku.
- Injin kirkira- Hanya ce ta ƙwarewa mai amfani. Ya dogara ne akan mai kulawa, kamar KVM, Xen, ko shirye-shirye kamar VMWare, VirtualBox, da dai sauransu. Tare da wannan software, an kwaikwayi cikakken inji na zahiri (vCPU, vRAM, faifai na faifai, cibiyoyin sadarwar kamala, kayan gefe, da sauransu.) Don haka, ana iya shigar da tsarin aiki (bako) a kan wannan kayan aikin na kamala kuma daga can, ana iya shigar da aikace-aikace da gudana kamar yadda za a yi a cikin tsarin aiki mai masaukin baki.
- Kwantena: Wata fasaha ce wacce ake haɗa wani irin keji ko sandbox wanda za'a iya rarraba wasu ɓangarorin wannan cikakken tsarin, wanda ya fi inganci kuma tare da wasu fa'idodi na ɗaukar kaya da ƙarin tsaro (kodayake ba shi da rauni ko rauni) . A zahiri, maimakon samun hypervisor, a cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan akwai software kamar Docker da Kubernetes waɗanda zasuyi amfani da tsarin rundunar kanta don gudanar da aikace-aikacen da aka keɓe. Abinda ya rage shine kawai yana baka damar amfani da kayan aikin asali daga mai masaukin baki OS da kansa. Wato, yayin da a cikin VM zaka iya yiwa Windows kwalliya a kan Linux distro, alal misali, kuma akan wannan Windows ɗin zaka iya gudanar da kowane aikace-aikacen ƙasa don shi, a cikin akwati zaka iya yin sa ne kawai tare da aikace-aikacen da tsarin mai watsa shiri ke tallafawa, a cikin wannan shari'ar tare da Linux ...
Ka tuna cewa kari ko tallafi na virwarewar kayan aikiKamar Intel VT da AMD-V sun sami nasarar haɓaka aikin kaɗan, ɗauka kawai 2% CPU sama. Amma wannan bai shafi sauran albarkatu kamar ƙwaƙwalwa ko ajiyar kanta ba wanda aka keɓe don cikakken ƙwarewa, wanda ke nufin babbar hanyar samun buƙata.
Duk wannan shine abin da kwantena ke zuwa don warwarewa, wanda baya buƙatar kwafin wasu matakai don samun damar tura aikace-aikace. Misali, idan kana son ƙirƙirar akwati tare da sabar Apache, tare da cikakken inji mai inganci za ka sami tsarin aiki na mai karɓar baƙi, mai ba da izini, da tsarin baƙi, da kuma software don wannan sabis ɗin. A gefe guda, tare da akwati dole ne kawai ku sami software da ke aiwatar da sabis ɗin da aka faɗi, tun da zai gudana a cikin "akwatin" a keɓe kuma yana amfani da tsarin aiki na rundunar kanta. Baya ga wannan, ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar ta fi sauri, ta hanyar kawar da baƙon OS.
Menene Docker?
Docker shiri ne na bude hanya, karkashin lasisin Apache, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Yaren shirye-shiryen Go kuma anyi amfani da shi wajen sanya aikin kai tsaye zuwa aikace-aikace a cikin kwantena Wato, wannan software ɗin zai ba ku damar sarrafa kwantena a kan tsarin aiki daban-daban, tunda yana aiki akan dandamali da yawa.
Lokacin da Docker ya bayyana, yana da fa'idodi da yawa, kuma ya yadu da sauri. Ganin hangen nesa game da tsarin aiki da sauki, an ba shi izinin gina kwantena tare da ƙa'idodi, tura su, faɗaɗa su, da aiwatar da su da sauri. Hanya don ƙaddamar da duk ƙa'idodin ƙa'idar da kuke buƙata tare da ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu.
A taƙaice, Docker ya ba da waɗannan abubuwa fasali mabudi:
- Kebancewa daga muhalli.
- Gudanar da akwati.
- Ikon sarrafawa.
- Wuri / dangantaka.
- Ilitywarewa.
- Yawan aiki
- Inganci.
Pero bai kasance ba tare da wasu matsalolin baKamar lokacin da waɗannan kwantena zasu daidaita, sadarwa da juna. Wannan na daga cikin dalilan da suka haifar da kirkirar Kubernetes ...
Kamar yadda zan yi tsokaci a gaba Ckerungiyar Docker, Ina so in yi tsokaci cewa software ce da masu haɓaka Docker guda ɗaya suka ƙirƙira don su sami damar haɗa jerin jerin rundunonin Docker a cikin gungu kuma ta haka ne ke kula da gungu-gungu, da kuma shirya kwantena.
Menene Kubernetes?
Google ne suka kirkireshi daga baya, kuma daga baya aka bashi gudummawa ga Gidauniyar Nididdigar Nasar Cloud. Kubernetes Hakanan tsari ne mai kama da Docker, buɗaɗɗen tushe, lasisi a ƙarƙashin Apache, kuma an rubuta shi ta amfani da yaren shirye-shiryen Go. Ana amfani dashi don sanya aiki da kai tsaye da sarrafawa na aikace-aikacen kwantena. Bugu da kari, yana tallafawa yanayi daban-daban don kwantena masu gudana, gami da Docker.
Daga qarshe, Kubernetes shine dandalin makaɗa akwatin da ke da alhakin taimaka wa kwantena daban-daban na injina daban-daban, yadda ake gudanar da su, da rarraba kaya tsakanin su. Musamman ƙungiyar da ta sanya wannan aikin ya zama muhimmin ɓangare a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan al'amuran ...
- Tsara ayyukan atomatik
- Hanyoyin warkarwa kai.
- Sabuntawa da sarrafa kansa.
- Daidaita ma'auni da sikelin kwance.
- Mafi girman amfani da albarkatu.
- Ayyuka da suka dace da yanayin kasuwanci.
- Gudanar da aikace-aikacen tsakiya.
- Abubuwan haɗin kai mai sauƙin kai.
- Sanya daidaito.
- Dogara
Docker vs. Kubernetes
Kamar yadda zaku iya gani a cikin ma'anar, duk suna da kamanceceniya ta hanyoyi da yawa, amma kuna da bambance-bambancen su, tare da samun fa'idarsu da rashin dacewar su kamar komai. Kuna iya tunanin cewa sanin waɗannan bayanan dalla-dalla kuna da komai don sanin wanne ya kamata ku zaɓa, gwargwadon manufar ku.
Koyaya, matsalar abu ne mai rikitarwa fiye da haka. Ba batun Docker da Kuernetes bane, tunda zai zama kamar kwatanta abubuwa daban ne kuma zaku fada cikin kuskuren tunanin cewa dole ne ku zaɓi tsakanin ɗayan da ɗayan. Sakamakon Docker da Kubernetes ba shi da ma'ana, maimakon haka ya kamata ku haɗa duka fasahohin tare don ku iya isar da da sikelin aikace-aikacen kwantena ta hanya mafi kyau.
Mafi dacewa zai zama kwatanta Docker Swarm tare da Kubernetes. Wannan zai fi nasara, tunda Docker Swarm fasaha ce ta Docker don ƙirƙirar rukunin kwantena. Kodayake, har ma a lokacin ba zai yi nasara gaba ɗaya ba ... A zahiri, an tsara Kubernetes don yin aiki a cikin gungu, yana iya daidaita dunƙulen nodes a sikelin cikin samarwa yadda ya kamata, yayin da Docker ke yin sa a cikin yanayi guda.
Docker da bambancin Kubernetes
Ajiye waɗancan daban, idan kuna son sani abubuwan banbanci tsakanin Docker Swarm da Kubernetes, zasu kasance:
- Kubernetes ya haɗa da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don keɓancewa rashin Ruwa a Docker
- Docker Swarm shine mafi sauki a daidaita saboda sauki. Bugu da kari, ya kuma fi sauki hadewa cikin tsarin halittun Docker.
- Madadin haka, da Laifi haƙuri Kubernetes ya fi girma, wanda zai iya zama mafi kyau a cikin yanayi kamar samfuran da ake dasu.
- Docker Swarm shine da sauri dangane da turawa da fadada kwantena.
- Kubernetes don nasa ɓangaren yana bayarwa mafi girman garanti zuwa jihohin tari.
- El daidaita ma'auni a Kubernetes yana ba da damar daidaita daidaito, kodayake ba atomatik bane kamar yadda yake a Docker.
- Kubernetes tayi mafi sassaucihar ma a cikin hadaddun aikace-aikace.
- Docker Swarm zai tallafawa har zuwa 2000 nodes, idan aka kwatanta da 5000 akan Kubernetes.
- Kubernetes shine gyara ga ƙananan gungu da yawa, yayin da Dockers na babban rukuni ne.
- Kubernetes shine rikitarwa, Mafi sauki Docker.
- Kubernetes na iya ba da izini raba wuraren ajiya tsakanin kowane akwati, yayin da Docker yafi iyakantacce kuma ana raba shi ne kawai tsakanin kwantena a cikin kwafin akwatin.
- Docker Swarm yana ba da damar amfani software na uku don sa ido da saka idanu, Kubernetes ya haɗa da kayan aikinsa na ciki.
- Docker Swarm an iyakance ga 95.000 kwantena, yayin da Kubernetes na iya tallafawa har zuwa 300.000.
- Duk da yake Docker yana da babban al'umma Kubernetes kuma yana da goyan bayan kamfanoni kamar Microsoft, Amazon, Google, da IBM.
- Ana amfani da Docker kamfanonin kamar Spotify, Pinterest, eBay, Twitter, da sauransu. Duk da cewa Kubernetes sun fi son 9GAG, Intuit, Buffer, Evernote, da sauransu.
Abũbuwan amfãni
Bayan ganin wasu bambance-bambancen, yanzu lokaci ne na da ab advantagesbuwan amfãni kowane:
- Kubernetes:
- Easyungiyoyin sauƙi na sabis tare da kwasfan fayiloli.
- Google ya haɓaka, tare da ƙwarewa mai yawa a cikin masana'antar girgije.
- Babban jama'a da kayan aikin makaɗa kwantena.
- Zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa na ajiya, gami da SANs na gida da gajimaren jama'a.
- Docker:
- Saitin farko mai inganci da sauƙi.
- Waƙoƙi nau'ikan akwati don bincika bambancin.
- Gudun.
- Kyakkyawan takaddara.
- Kyakkyawan keɓewa tsakanin aikace-aikace.
disadvantages
Game da da rashin nasara:
- Kubernetes:
- Complexarin hadaddun ƙaura.
- Xaddamarwar shigarwa da tsari na daidaitawa.
- Ba ya jituwa da kayan aikin Docker na yanzu.
- Aiwatar da tarin rukuni yana da rikitarwa.
- Docker:
- Ba ya samar da zaɓi na ajiya.
- Bin-kawu mara kyau.
- Babu sake tsara shirye-shiryen atomatik marasa aiki.
- Dole ne a aiwatar da ayyuka a cikin CLI.
- Gudanar da hannu na lokuta da yawa.
- Kuna buƙatar tallafi don wasu kayan aikin.
- Deploaddamar da tarin kayan aiki mai wahala.
- Babu tallafi don binciken lafiya.
- Docker kamfani ne na riba kuma wasu daga cikin abubuwanda suke da mahimmanci, kamar su Docker Engine da Docker Desktop, ba tushen tushe bane.
Docker vs Kubernetes: Kammalawa
Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, ba abu ne mai sauki ba tsakanin ɗaya ko ɗaya. Yaƙin Docker da Kubernetes ya fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda ake iya gani. Kuma komai zai dogara ne akan makasudin da kake da shi. Oraya ko ɗayan za su fi dacewa, kuma wannan ya kamata ya zaɓa.
A wasu lamura da yawa, amfani da Kubernetes tare da Docker zai zama mafi kyau na dukkan zaɓuka. Duk ayyukan biyu suna aiki tare tare. Wannan na iya inganta tsaro na kayan more rayuwa da yawan samin aikace-aikace. Har ma kuna iya sanya ƙa'idodin kayan aiki da yawa.
Godiya mai yawa! Ya zama yana ƙara bayyana gare ni, kuma sama da duka fahimtar cewa kamar yadda a lokuta da yawa, babu mafi kyau ko mafi munin, idan ba batun zaɓar wanda yafi dacewa ba.
Wataƙila kawai ina buƙatar bayyanannen misali don fahimtar wane yanayi ɗaya ko ɗayan ke aiki mafi kyau, kuma a wane yanayi don amfani da su tare.
Har ila yau, waɗanne hanyoyi ne muke da su ga wannan nau'in software?
Kuma menene amfani da mu waɗanda muke fara sanin abubuwa game da kwantena, don ganin lamura na ainihi ba tare da jiran yin aiki a manyan kamfanoni ba?
Ina tsammanin wani abu an fassara shi da kuskure a nan, docker manajan kwantena ne, ba za a iya kwatanta shi da Orchestrator ba.
Kwatancen zai kasance tsakanin Docker Swarm vs Kubernetes.
A bayyane yayin yin wannan kyakkyawan matsayi (abin sha'awa sosai a ra'ayina), an ƙetare wasu sharuɗɗa.