Tuwarewa a cikin Debian: Gabatarwa - Hanyar Sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMBs

Janar jeri na jerin: Hanyoyin sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs: Gabatarwa

Mafi sauki shine mafi kyau

A cikin hoton hoton babban shafi na XtratuM, Hypervisor wanda aka tsara musamman don Sakawa ko Saka Tsarin a cikin Lokaci na Gaskiya, mun sami hoto mai zuwa:

"Mu Ka'idar Asali don shigarwa, daidaitawa, da gudanar da ayyuka, gami da ƙwarewar inganta aiki, ya cika yarda da saƙon «Mafi sauki, mafi kyau", wato, Mafi sauki shine mafi kyau. "

Gabatarwar

La Virtualization  magana ce mai fadi da rikitarwa. Ba za mu yi rubutu mai yawa game da shi ba. Za mu kawai fallasa wasu ma'anoni da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa shafukan da muke ba da shawarar a karanta da / ko a yi nazarin su, gwargwadon sha'awar kowane mai karatu. Muna ba da shawara karanta shafuka na wikipedia a Turanci, kuma daga wasu kafofin.

• Ba za mu so mu shiga cikin isarwar wani hanzari na yadda za ayi tare da umarni da yawa, da dai sauransu, ba tare da fara ba a kalla jagorar gabatarwa ga batun ba. Mun san cewa wasu Masu Karatu Hakuri Ba sa karanta gabatarwar kuma suna tafiya kai tsaye ga yadda ake yin sa. Matakin yin nadama saboda, daga baya sai tambayoyin tunani wadanda akasari ba zamu iya amsa su da kyau ba, tunda ba shi yiwuwa mu san komai.

Muna fatan cewa, bayan karanta wannan labarin koda a ɗan hankali, mai karatu zai sami ra'ayi game da menene Tuwarewa kuma nasa Halin da ake ciki yanzu. Hakanan, cewa yana da jerin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo wanda zai ba ku damar faɗaɗa ƙari kan wannan aikin yau da kullun na kusan duk wanda ke amfani da kwamfuta a wannan lokacin.

Ma'ana da hanyoyin dangane da Wikipedia da sauran kafofin

Virtualization

A Kimiyyar Komputa, Virtualization yana nufin aikin ƙirƙirar sigar wani abu kama-da-wane maimakon wani abu real, wanda ya hada da kayan aikin komputa na kamala, tsarin aiki, kayayyakin ajiyada kuma kayan sadarwar komputa. Virtualization ya fara ne a cikin 60s, a matsayin hanyar da ta raba albarkatun tsarin a babban kwamfuta, tsakanin aikace-aikace daban-daban. Tun daga nan, ma'anar kalmar Virtualization yana kara fadada kullum.

La Virtualization o Tuarfafa Virarfafawa yana nufin ƙirƙirar na'ura mai mahimmanci, wanda ke aiki kamar gaske, tare da tsarin aiki. Manhajar da ke aiki a kan injunan kama-da-wane ya bambanta da kayan aikin da ke ƙasa ko albarkatun jiki. Misali: inji na zahiri dake gudanar da Debian 8 "Jessie" na iya daukar bakuncin wata na’ura mai kama da Ubuntu Trusty 14.04 tsarin aiki.

A cikin tuwarewa ana kiran shi «Mai shiri - watsa shiri»Zuwa ga kwamfuta ta ainihi ko ta zahiri inda ita kanta ake aiwatar da aikin nata. Zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa An kira shi "Bako - Bako«. Sharuɗɗan watsa shiri y Bako ana amfani dasu don rarrabe software da ke aiki akan ainihin inji daga software da take aiki akan injunan kama-da-wane. Zuwa software ko firmware wannan yana ƙirƙirar injunan kamala a kan kayan aikin Mai watsa shiri, ana kiran sa Hypervisor - Hypervisor.

Daban-daban na Ingantaccen aiki:

• Virididdigar tuwarewa - Cikakken Faɗakarwa: Yana nufin Kusan Adadin Kayan Kayan Kayan Gizon Gaskiya, wanda ke ba da izini ga software - wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi tsarin aiki - don gudanar ba tare da canji ba.
• Viraddamarwa ta Musamman - Virwarewar tialwarewa: Yanayin da aka nufa Ba a cika kwaikwaye shi ba, amma sashi. Sakamakon haka, wasu shirye-shiryen da ke gudana akan Bako na iya buƙatar gyara.
• Paravirtualization - paravirtualization: Babu mahalli na kayan aiki wanda aka kwaikwaya. Kowane Bako Shirin - Bako gudanar a kan Wuraren da Aka Keɓe, kamar dai suna gudana akan tsarin daban. Wani takamaiman sauyi na kowane bako shirin ya zama dole don aiwatar dashi a cikin wannan yanayin.

La kayan aikin kayan aiki sun taimaka hanya ce ta haɓaka ƙimar ingantacciyar hanyar aiwatar da ƙwarewar aiki. Hakan yana nuna cewa masu sarrafawa ko CPUs dole ne su sami goyon bayan da ya dace don ƙwarewa, da ma sauran abubuwan haɗin kayan aikin kanta.

Virwarewar Kayan Aikin Ba ɗaya bane da Nkwaɗin Kayan aiki. A cikin kwaikwayon, wani sashi na kayan aikin yana kwaikwayon wani, yayin da a cikin Virtualization, Hypervisor - wanda shine software - yana kwaikwayon wani yanki na kayan aiki ko gaba daya.

Virtual inji

A cikin sarrafa kwamfuta, a inji mai rumfa Manhaja ce da ke kwaikwantar da kwamfuta kuma za ta iya gudanar da shirye-shirye kamar ta kwamfuta ce ta gaske. An fassara wannan software da farko azaman "ingantaccen kuma kwafin na'urar inji." A halin yanzu, ma'anar kalmar ta haɗa da injunan kama-da-wane waɗanda ba su da daidaito kai tsaye da kowane kayan aikin gaske.

Hypervisor

Un Hypervisor - Hypervisor o Mai Kula da Kayan Masarufi - Injin Virtual Monitor VMM Fage ne wanda yake ba da damar amfani da dabaru daban-daban na sarrafa kayan kwalliya don amfani da su, a lokaci guda, tsarin aiki daban-daban (ba a canza su ba, ko kuma an canza su kamar yadda yake a yanayin aikin kere kere) a kan wannan kwamfutar.

Bude Kawancen Kayayyaki (OVA)

La Bude Kawancen Kayayyaki, game da taken ta a cikin Turanci, aiki ne na Hadin gwiwa na Gidauniyar Linux. Wannan Consungiyar ta ba da gudummawar karɓar Free Software da Open Source Software - Open Source don ingantaccen hanyoyin hada karfi ciki har da KVM, da kuma don software da ake buƙata don Gudanarwarta, kamar su oVirt. Consortium yana haɓaka labaran nasara na abokan ciniki daban-daban, yana ƙarfafa hulɗar juna, kuma yana hanzarta faɗaɗa yanayin halittu na mafita na Thirdangare na Uku, a kusa da KVM.

OVA ta inganta software ta kyauta:

• KVM is a hypervisor. Wanda ya kirkireshi Qumranet, Inc., wani kamfanin software na Isra’ila wanda a wancan lokacin ya ja hankali sosai don saurin karɓar tsarin KVM da aka saka a cikin kernel na Linux. Yana miƙa «Tsarin dandamali mai amfani da tebur na ICE mai ƙarfi»Bisa ga kayan aikinsa na Virtual Desktop na Kernel, kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar yarjejeniyar KYAUTATA. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2008 kamfanin Red Hat, Inc samu Qumranet na darajar $ 107 miliyan.
• libvirt Yana da API «Matsayin Shirin Aikace-aikace"tushen tushe, aljan - daemon, da kayan aiki don sarrafa dandamali masu amfani. Kuna iya sarrafa KVM, Xen, VMware ESX, QEMU da sauran fasahohin da suka dace. Ana amfani da nau'ikan API ɗinsa daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyar ƙirar hypervisor.  libvirt shi ne laburaren da aka rubuta a cikin harshe C, kuma ana iya alakanta shi da wasu yarukan kamar Python, Perl, OCaml, Ruby, Java, JavaScript (ta Node.js) y PHP.
• oVirt babbar manhaja ce don gudanar da ayyukan dandamali. Kyauta ne kuma kayan aikin budewa ne. An kafa ta Red Hat a matsayin aikin al'umma wanda akansa Ƙaddamar da Kasuwancin Red Hat. oVirt yana ba da izini game da sarrafa injunan kamala, albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa, adanawa da lissafi, daga sauƙin amfani da yanar gizo, tare da dandamali mai zaman kansa don samun damar ta. Kadai Hypervisor bisa hukuma bisa goyan bayan gine-ginen X86 64 shine KVM, kodayake ana ƙoƙari don tallafawa gine-ginen PPC y hannu a cikin salo na gaba.
• marubuci ɗakin karatu ne da aka rubuta a ciki harshe C da saitin kayan aiki don samun dama da gyara su hotunan faifai na kama-da-wane a kan dandalin haɓakawa. Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin don kallo da kuma gyara injunan kamala da livirt ke sarrafawa da fayilolin da ke zaune a cikinsu. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don rubutun rubutun -scripting- don gyara ko ƙirƙirar injunan kamala.
• Manajan Kayan Masarufi - Virtual Machine Manager shine Red Hat software kuma ana kiranta da cikakken manajan, sunan cewa kunshin kuma yana cikin wuraren ajiya na Debian. Aikace-aikacen Desktop ne don sarrafa injunan kamala. Ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirawa, daidaitawa da daidaitawar sababbin yankuna. Yana da abokin ciniki na VNC wanda ta hanyar sa muke samun damar yin amfani da kayan kwalliya na zane na yankin bako. A cikin tsarin sarrafa manajan da Debian Jessie ya kawo, an haɗa yarjejeniyar SPICE don samun damar yin amfani da na'ura mai aiki da injuna na zamani.

Xen

Xen Hypervisor ne wanda ke amfani da ƙirar ƙirar micro-core, kuma yana ba da sabis ɗin da ake buƙata don tsarin aiki da yawa don aiki lokaci ɗaya akan kayan aikin kwamfuta ɗaya. Ya Labarin Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Cambridge, sun haɓaka nau'ikan farko na Xen, wanda kuma kyauta ne na kyauta. Debian 8 "Jessie" tana cikin kunshin abubuwan kunshin xen-mai-raba-4.4-amd64.

OpenVZ

OpenVZ shine tsarin ƙirar tsarin aiki don Linux. Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓun, amintattu da masu zaman kansu sabobin saiti a kan wannan uwar garken na zahiri, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan amfani da albarkatun kayan aiki. Hakanan yana tabbatar da cewa aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan kowane sabobin basa rikici. Kowane Virtual Server Masu Zaman Kansu - Virtual Private Server (VPS), yana gudana daidai kamar sabar tsaye. Za a iya sake farawa su, kuma ba da damar samun dama ta tushen mai amfani da sauran masu amfani na yau da kullun. Suna da nasu adiresoshin IP, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, aiwatarwa, fayiloli, aikace-aikace, dakunan karatu na tsarin, da fayilolin daidaitawa.

Debian ta cire kernels da aka yiwa kwaskwarima don tallafi na OpenVZ daga rumbunan sa kamar na Debian 7 "Wheezy".

Linux Masu Kwantena LXC

Kwantena yankuna ne wadanda suke cikin tsarin aiki. Kowane yanki yana da sararin suna don tsarin fayil, cibiyar sadarwa, PID, CPU, da kuma rabon ƙwaƙwalwar. Ana iya ƙirƙirar su ta hanyar Groupungiyoyin Sarrafawa da featuresan fasalin Sunayen da aka haɗa cikin kwayar Linux. LXC Fasaha ce mai kama da wasu dangane da ƙwarewa a matakin kernel kamar OpenVZ da linux-vserver.

tarin tsiburai

tarin tsiburai ita ce mafita don gudanarwa da kulawa na injunan kamala da ke gudana akan KVM, Xen, OpenVZ ko VMware. Debian Jessie ta haɗa shi a cikin wuraren adana shi ta hanyar wasu fakiti waɗanda suke nuni zuwa ga wakilansa ko asalin Archipel. Don ƙarin bayani, bincika "archipel" ta Synaptic ko ta hanyar kwarewar bincike.

Sauran hanyoyin sha'awa

• Bude vSwitch- Buɗe tushen software wanda ke ba da izinin ƙirƙirar maɓallin kama-da-wane.
• OpenStack:
• Buɗe QRM: Tsarin Bude Tushen Zamani na Gaba don Gudanar da Cibiyar Bayanai - data Center.
• Docker: aikin bude tushen da zai iya sanya aikin kai tsaye cikin aikace-aikacen cikin kwantena na software.
  
• nextmox: sabar buɗaɗɗen tushe don yanayin haɓaka.
• VMware- Wani reshe ne na EMC Corporation (mallakar Dell Inc) wanda ke ba da software na ƙwarewa don samfuran komputa masu jituwa na X86
• VirtualBox: software kyauta don ƙirƙirar injunan kamala. Debian ta kwashe abubuwan da suka danganci wannan software zuwa reshenta «contrib".
• BuɗeNebula: DAYA yana faɗaɗa fa'idodi na dandamali na ƙwarewa daga albarkatu guda na zahiri zuwa banki na albarkatu, ta hanyar rarraba sabar, ba kawai daga kayan aikinta na zahiri ba, har ma daga wurin da yake.

Masu karatu wadanda suka kasance masu kirki don fahimtar labarin har zuwa wannan lokacin, zasu iya fahimtar yadda girman duniyar nan ta Virtualization take. Muna fatan ya zama jagora a kan tafiyarku.

Isarwa na gaba?

Yanzu Qemu-KVM yana kan Debian!

Ka tuna cewa wannan zai zama jerin labaran ta Hanyoyin sadarwar Kwamfuta don SMEs. Za mu jira ku!