Vulkan 1.0: giciye-dandamali API don zane-zane mai ɗaukaka

El 16 ga Fabrairu na wannan shekara da Khronos Group talla fitowar Vulkan 1.0 (tun da ba a sami nasarar ƙaddamar da ranar ƙarshe a ƙarshen shekara ta 20015 ba), bayan shekaru biyu na aiki tuƙuru a ƙarshe a shirye yake ya fita zuwa duniya. Wasan farko tare da Injin Vulkan ne kuma samuwa a cikin beta na jama'a har zuwa 16/02/16, duk da haka da Yanayin Linux ba shi da cikakken dacewa don masu amfani na ƙarshe da 'yan wasa kamar yadda yawancin masu sayarwa har yanzu suke sanin ko za su taimaka ta hanyar tallafi na Linux akan Windows. Yin watsi da waɗannan bambance-bambancen tsarin aiki, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da hakan tsammaninku masu gaskiya ne kafin kokarin da sabon wasan Vulkan yayin ba wa masu haɓaka lokaci don koyo da zane don wannan sabon zane mai suna API.

Vulkan 1.0

aman wuta shine amsar Khronos Group para Microsoft DirectX 12, Apple's Metal, da tsohon AMD Mantle API don samarwa babban aikin zane-zane. Da farko sun fara kiran wannan AP din a matsayin "Gabatarwar OpenGL Generation mai zuwa", amma da zarar an kira shi Vulkan, taken da ya gabata ya kasance a baya. Vulkan yawo kuma an gina shi ne bisa fasahar ADM Mantle wanne an bayar da ita ta AMD da nufin bada Khronos tushe a kan wanda fara haɓaka API wanda zasu iya daidaita shi a faɗin masana'antar (kamar OpenGL), amma aman wuta ya samo asali da yawa sosai, tuni ba a ɗaure shi da ƙirar kayan GNC na AMD ba kuma yana iya dacewa da duk abubuwan amfani a ciki duk yankuna, API ya sami ci gaba sosai bayan da bangarori daban daban suka duba shi. Shugaban Khronos, Neil trevett, ya bayyana a sarari cewa aman wuta es yafi fiye da mayar da hankali kan Mantle.

tsakanin Burin Vulkan wannan zane 3D aikace-aikacen zane-zane a ainihin lokacin, kamar yadda wasanni da kafofin watsa labarai masu ma'amala a kan dukkan dandamali, haka nan, an yi niyya don samar da nau'ikan iri-iri fa'idodi akan sauran APIs, miƙa Overananan sama, ƙarin iko kai tsaye akan GPU, da haɓaka aiki tare da ƙarancin amfani da CPU, kasancewa iya mafi kyawun rarraba aiki a cikin ƙwayoyin CPU da yawa. Hakanan ana halin ta da kasancewa a Cross-dandamali API wanda ke tallafawa da katunan zane mai girma y yana da agnostic na OS don haɓaka saurin aikace-aikacen da aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da wannan API.

Vulkan 1.0 an tsara shi don dacewa da yanayin amfani da wayoyin zamani, tebur da kayan wuta, yanzu shine API tare da damar zare mai yawa, tare da ƙananan ƙananan sama idan aka kwatanta da direbobin OpenGL da abin da ke tallafawa pre-harhada shaders via SPIR-V. Ba kamar sauran APIs na daban ba, Vulkan dandamali ne na giciye kuma daidaitaccen masana'antu ne. A yanzu haka Farashin SDK don Android, Linux da Windows, kodayake har yanzu yana cikin beta, AMD da Nvidia sun sanar da cewa suna goyon bayan Vulkan. Vulkan 1.0 Ba shine sigar karshe ba, sauye-sauye na gaba zasu zo ba shakka sau ɗaya ƙungiyar aiki ta karɓi ra'ayoyi daga wasu masu haɓakawa.

¿Kuma menene zai faru da OpenGL?

Duk da yake Vulkan 1.0 shine kan gaba don kula da manyan kayan aiki, OpenGL kungiyar Khronos bata watsar dashi ba, masu haɓakawa masu kula da wannan aikin zasu kasance kuma dole ne su canza. Vulkan babu yana da tsananin bukata ga dukkan masu wasan da masarrafan app, wannan zai dogara ne akan yadda kuka damu da aiki, idan kuna buƙatar taimako daga katin zane, idan kuna neman API wanda ya fi sauƙi, idan aikinku ba zai iya zama daidai ba, da dai sauransu.

An kuma yi magana game da tallafi ƙari SPIR-V don OpenGL da sauran ci gaba a wannan bangaren. Duk da haka da Khronos Group ba a hukumance ya sanar da sababbin bayanai ko sabunta su ba OpenGL, amma tambaya ce ta zama mai kulawa yayin watanni masu zuwa.

Daya daga cikin OpenGL fadada (mara izini) fallasa ta direban NVIDIA shine GL_NV_draw_vulkan_image. Wannan fadada yayi Drawvkimagenv ikon zana wani murabba'i mai dari wanda zai ba da damar nuna dukkan ko wasu abubuwan da ke ciki VkImage a cikin Vulkan ta hanya biyu-biyu. Wannan karin zai samar ayyuka don zana aiki tare tsakanin Vulkan da OpenGL, m tsawo zai samar da wata hanya zuwa gabatar da abun ciki de Wulkan da cikin mahallin BuɗeGL.

Wasanni da Vulkan

Karshen 16 ga Fabrairu Croteam ya ƙaddamar da Taa'idar Talos, sanya a cikin Steam dandamali amfani da Injin Vulkan. Abin takaici sigar wannan wasan don Linux ba ta fito fili ba, amma anjima zai kasance

El lag Yana da saboda bincika direbobi masu jituwa. Waɗannan Vulkan direbobi 1.0 zai kasance fito da jimawa tunda mun san cewa Akwai samfurin beta na Windows akan Steam. Daga Bawul, ana kuma tsammanin hakan Dota2 zama da ewa ba samuwa Tare da tallafi aman wuta, kamar yadda sauran wasannin zasu bayyana nan gaba.

Michael Larabil, marubucin dandali Phoronix yi sharhi cewa “a matsayin mai haɓaka wasanni wanda ke da hannu a cikin aman wuta An yi musu gargaɗi babu riya sa ran mu'ujiza tare da wasan Vulkan”. Wannan saboda Vulkan API yana ba da dama da yawa don ingantaccen aiki da haɓakawa, wasanni da injunan su ana kan hanya don DirectX 11 da OpenGL. Bazai kasance ba har sai bayyanar sabbin wasanni ko kuma injunan da aka sake fasalta aman wuta cewa za a yi mafi kyawun aiki a OpenGL / DX11. Wannan shine dalilin juegos a halin yanzu akwai a aman wuta za su iya zama a hankali fiye da waɗanda ke cikin aikin sarrafa na OpenGL, wannan yayin aiki akan kwari daban-daban na wasanni da direbobi.

Ko da yake masu ci gaba na wasanni sune m tare da damar da Vulkan ya bayar, da zai dauki lokaci don haka cikakken tuba. Wani yanayi makamancin wannan ya faru lokacin da Direct3D11 an saki kuma ya fara wasannin tallafi, wasu lokuta daga baya wasannin suka fara gudu fiye da Direct3D 9.