Yadda ake Kare GRUB tare da Kalmar wucewa (Linux)

Kullum muna ciyar da lokaci mai kyau hana samun izini mara izini zuwa ga ƙungiyoyinmu: muna saita bangon wuta, izinin masu amfani, ACLs, ƙirƙirar kalmomin shiga masu ƙarfi, da sauransu; amma ba safai muke tunawa ba kare farawa kayan aikin mu. Idan mutum yana da damar amfani da kwamfutar a zahiri, zasu iya sake kunna ta kuma canza sigogin GRUB don samun damar mai gudanarwa zuwa kwamfutar. Kawai ƙara '1' ko 's' zuwa ƙarshen layin GRUB 'kwaya' don samun irin wannan damar.

Don kaucewa wannan, zaka iya kare GRUB ta hanyar amfani da kalmar sirri, ta yadda idan ba'a sani ba, ba zai yuwu a gyara abubuwansa ba.

Idan kana da shigarwar mai shigar da GRUB (wanda yafi kowa idan kayi amfani da mashahurin rarraba Linux), zaka iya kare kowane shigarwa a cikin menu na GRUB tare da kalmar wucewa. Ta wannan hanyar, duk lokacin da ka zabi tsarin aiki da za ka taya, zai tambayeka kalmar sirri din da ka kayyade domin kora tsarin. Kuma a matsayin kyauta, idan aka sace kwamfutarka, masu kutse ba za su sami damar shiga fayilolinku ba. Sauti mai kyau, dama?

GRUB 2

Ga kowane shigarwar Grub, ana iya kafa mai amfani tare da gata don gyara sigogin shigarwar da GRUB ya bayyana lokacin da tsarin ya fara, ban da babban mai talla (wanda ke da damar gyara Grub ta latsa maɓallin “e”). Zamuyi haka a cikin file /etc/grub.d/00_header. Muna buɗe fayil ɗin tare da editan da muke so:

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/00_header

A karshen manna wadannan:

cat << EOF
saita superusers=”mai amfani1″
mai amfani da kalmar sirri1 kalmar wucewa1
EOF

Inda mai amfani1 shine babba, misali:

cat << EOF
saita superusers = "superuser"
babban kalmar sirri 123456
EOF

Don ƙirƙirar ƙarin masu amfani, ƙara su a ƙasa:

babban kalmar sirri 123456

Zai yi kyau ko ƙasa da haka:

cat << EOF
saita superusers = "superuser"
babban kalmar sirri 123456
mai amfani da kalmar wucewa2 7890
EOF

Da zarar mun kafa masu amfani da muke so, sai mu adana canje-canje.

Kare Windows 

Don kare Windows dole ne ka gyara fayil /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Nemi layin lambar da ke cewa:

menu na "$ {LONGNAME} (akan $ {DEVICE})" {

Ya kamata yayi kama da wannan (superuser shine sunan superuser):

menu na "$ {LONGNAME} (akan $ {DEVICE})" - mai amfani da masu amfani {

 
Adana canje-canje kuma gudanar:

sudo sabuntawa-grub

Na bude file /boot/grub/grub.cfg:

sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Kuma ina ne shigarwar Windows (wani abu kamar haka):

tsarin "Windows XP Professional" {

canza shi zuwa wannan (mai amfani2 kasancewar sunan mai amfani wanda ke da damar dama):

menu "Windows XP Professional" - masu amfani masu amfani2 {

Sake yi kuma tafi. Yanzu, lokacin da kake kokarin shigar da Windows zai tambayeka kalmar sirri. Idan ka latsa madannin "e", shima zai nemi kalmar sirri.

Kare Linux

Don kare shigarwar kernel na Linux gyara file /etc/grub.d/10_linux, kuma nemi layin da yake cewa:

menu na "$ 1" {

Idan kawai kuna son superuser ya sami damar samunta, yakamata yayi kama da wannan:

menu na "$ 1" - masu amfani1

Idan kuna son mai amfani na biyu ya sami damar shiga:

menu na "$ 1" - masu amfani da amfani {2

Hakanan zaka iya kare shigarwa daga rajistar ƙwaƙwalwar, ta hanyar gyara /etc/grub.d/20_memtest file:

menu "Gwajin ƙwaƙwalwa (memtest86 +)" - mai amfani da masu amfani {

Kare duk shigarwar

Don kare duk shigarwar gudu:

sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / {/ –users superuser {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober / sauransu / grub.d / 40_samu

Don warware wannan mataki, gudu:

sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / –users superuser [/ B] {/ {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os- prober /etc/grub.d/40_custom

GRUB

Bari mu fara da buɗe yanayin GRUB. Na bude tashar mota na rubuta:

gashi

Bayan haka, na shiga umarni mai zuwa:

mdrajan

Zai tambayeka kalmar sirri da kuke son amfani da ita. Rubuta shi kuma perison Shigar. Za ku sami kalmar sirri da aka ɓoye, wanda dole ne ku kiyaye shi sosai. Yanzu, tare da izini na mai gudanarwa, na buɗe fayil ɗin /boot/grub/menu.lst tare da editan rubutun da kuka fi so:

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Don sanya kalmar wucewa zuwa shigarwar menu na GRUB da kuka fi so, dole ne ku ƙara waɗannan zuwa kowane shigarwar da kuke son kare:

kalmar wucewa --md5 my_password

Inda my_password zai zama (ɓoyayyen) kalmar sirri da md5crypt ya dawo: Kafin:

taken Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yanayin dawowa)
tushe (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 tushen = / dev / hdb3 ro guda
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386

Bayan:

taken Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yanayin dawowa)
tushe (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 tushen = / dev / hdb3 ro guda
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Adana fayil ɗin kuma sake yi. Wannan sauki! Don kaucewa, ba wai kawai cewa mutum mai ƙeta zai iya canza sigogin sanyi na shigarwa mai kariya ba, amma kuma ba za su iya fara wannan tsarin ba, za ku iya ƙara layi a cikin shigarwar "kariya", bayan ma'aunin taken. Bayan bin misalinmu, zai zama wani abu kamar haka:

taken Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yanayin dawowa)
kulle
tushe (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 tushen = / dev / hdb3 ro guda
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Lokaci na gaba da wani yake son fara wannan tsarin, dole ne ya sanya kalmar shiga.

Source: Kashewa & Maimaitawa & Ƙungiyar Ubuntu & Mai shiryawa