Ta yaya software kyauta zata iya taimaka wa nakasassu

El farkon post na sabon jerin wanda, alhali kuwa ba zai zama maslaha ga kowa ba, yana da matukar muhimmanci: yadda ake amfani da software kyauta don taimakawa hade nakasassu. Kuma na ce yana da matukar mahimmanci don dalilai 2 m: na farko, saboda akwai bayanai kadan a cikin yanar gizo dangane da wannan batun, musamman a cikin Mutanen Espanya; abu na biyu, saboda ga mutanen da ke fama da wata irin nakasa samun wannan bayanan na iya haifar da ci gaba a rayuwar kaMusamman, yana iya nufin ba sa buƙatar taimakon kowa don yin karatu, cewa za su iya yawo a cikin intanet kuma su sami sabon bayani, za su iya rubuta abin da suke tunani, cewa za su iya shiga cikin kasuwar aiki cikin sauƙi, da dai sauransu. A cikin wannan "kashi-kashi" na farko, zamu yi bayyani kan manyan shirye-shiryen da ake dasu da kuma fa'idodin su akan hanyoyin "biya" da "na mallaka".

Ofaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodi da software kyauta ke bayarwa, idan aka kwatanta da software na mallaka, shine ƙirƙirar fasaha mai amfani ga mutanen da ke da nakasa daban-daban. Idan waɗannan aikace-aikacen kyauta ba su kasance ba, mutumin da ke da nakasa ya keɓe gaba ɗaya daga fasaha, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mai wahala, alal misali, su gama karatunsu da samun damar kasuwar kwadago.

Godiya ga software kyauta da ke canzawa, ba wa nakasassu damar dogaro da kansu. Wannan abu ne mai yiyuwa albarkacin ƙirƙirar fasaha mai amfani, wanda ke haifar da haɗawar adadi mai yawa na mutane waɗanda a baya ba a la'akari da su.

Orca

Orca shi ne, watakila. Aikace-aikacen software mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci wanda aka haɗa cikin yanayin tebur na Gnome wanda ke ba mutane da gani damar amfani da wannan tsarin aiki. Orca ta ƙunshi mai karanta allo da kuma haɓakar allo. Dukansu ana iya amfani dasu a lokaci ɗaya ko ɗayansu.

Kamar yadda na ce, Orca tana aiki azaman "mai karanta allo", kuma a cikin sakamako yana karanta abubuwan da windows, menus da abubuwan shirye-shiryen da mai amfani yake amfani da su. Misali, idan mai amfani da Intanet yana amfani da Firefox, Orca yana karanta masa abubuwan da shafin yake buɗewa kuma yana taimaka masa shigar da bayanai a wannan shafin, ko kuma zuwa wani.

Orca ba da gaske aikace-aikace ɗaya bane, amma jerin shirye-shirye, direbobi da "muryoyi" waɗanda ke ba makafi damar amfani da shirye-shirye kamar OpenOffice, 'yan wasan kiɗa, shirye-shiryen hira, da sauransu. A zahiri, wannan mutumin yana amfani da shirye-shirye iri ɗaya kamar na mutumin da ba shi da nakasa, amma tare da Orca yana aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani.

"JAWS ya tilasta min sake kunna kwamfutar kowane minti 40"

Kafin ci gaba da ganin menene sauran shirye-shiryen don taimaka wa nakasassu, na yi tunanin ban shaawa in gaya muku batun mutumin da yayi amfani da JAWS (aikace-aikacen kasuwanci mai ma'ana iri ɗaya da Orca) kuma hakan ya sha wahala sosai.

Halin kowane ɗan adam yayin kula da mutum da makanta gabaɗaya shine ƙoƙarin sadaukar da kai don taimaka masa. Amma wasu kamfanoni, musamman masu kera JAWS, da alama suna tafiya a wata hanya ta daban: suna shirye ne kawai don taimakawa lokacin da mai nakasa zai iya biyan su. A takaice, baya daukar su a matsayin mutane, amma a matsayin kwastomomi, wanda ya sha bamban..

Ana Ramos tana da shekara 20 kuma makaho ne kwata-kwata. Yana da farkon tuntuɓar sa da kwamfuta tun yana ɗan shekara 12 saboda godiya ga malami a makaranta. A shekara 17, ya karɓi kwamfuta, amma ba ta da software don masu matsalar gani, kuma lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya sayi JAWS, ya ga ta kai tsakanin $ 895 da $ 1.095.

"Na sami samfurin demokiradiyar JAWS wanda ya daɗe da minti 40." Lokacin da wannan lokacin ya ƙare, "Dole ne in sake kunna inji, kuma idan ina bincike sai na sake buɗe burauzar, idan zan yi komai sai na katse, kashe sannan kuma na sake kunnawa".

Wannan ya motsa shi ya nemi wasu hanyoyin kyauta.

Orca ya haɗa da muryoyi a cikin harsuna 25

Ana ta koyi amfani da kayan aikin kyauta ga nakasassu. ”Abubuwa da yawa wadanda aka yi a Windows suma ana yi a Linux. Karbuwa ya kasance da sauki; ba shakka, wasu abubuwa suna canzawa, amma ya kasance min sauqi ne in canza "

Orca da abubuwan haɗin ta sun zo tare da yawancin rarraba Linux kuma ana iya shigar da su tare da commandsan umarni. "A halin da nake ciki, Ina nazarin Turanci kuma ina sha'awar koyon wasu yarukan, ina son hakan saboda Orca tana da harsuna kimanin 25 ciki har da Spanish, kuma zan iya sauyawa tsakanin yarukan cikin sauki." Ta banbanta hakan da masu karatu na mallakar kudi, wasu daga cikinsu suna bukatar siyan muryar da fakitin yare bugu da kari..

Da aka tambaye ta irin kurakuran da ta samu a Orca idan aka kwatanta da JAWS, sai ta nuna cewa Orca tana aiki sosai, kuma tana amfani da masu bincike na Intanet, kayan hira kamar Pidgin (wanda ke ba da damar amfani da Messenger, Gmail da sauran tsarin tattaunawa), software na ofis, amma yana da wasu matsaloli game da gabatarwar Powerpoint, waɗanda basu shafe shi ba ko yaya.

Yaya zai yi kyau a samu Orca a cikin tsarin makarantunmu, dakunan karatu, gidajen yanar gizo, da sauransu. don nakasassu su zauna tare da sauran mutane kuma suyi hulɗa tare. Hakan zai basu damar sanya su cikin harkar kere kere tare da sanya su cikin al'umma, domin zasu iya mu'amala da wasu. Wannan zai zama da wahalar gaske a yi shi da software na mallaka saboda ba za a iya saka JAWS a kan kwamfutoci da yawa ba, galibi don lasisi da dalilan tsada.. Haka kuma matsakaiciyar mafita ba za ta zama kyawawa ba: ƙirƙirar ɗakuna 'keɓaɓɓu' don mutanen da ke da nakasa.

Aikace-aikace don mutanen da ke da matsalar hangen nesa.

• brltty: daemon wanda ke ba ka damar amfani da tashar Unix / Linux ko kayan wasan bidiyo ta hanyar madannin rubutun makaho zuwa serial port. Hakanan yana karanta saƙonnin wasan bidiyo a bayyane don sauƙaƙe ma'amalar mai amfani. http://mielke.cc/brltty/index.html
• Bikin: hadafin magana ne wanda yake kera rubutu a cikin Sifananci da Ingilishi (duk da cewa muryoyin Ingilishi sun fi “gogewa”) kamar yadda suke bayyana akan allo. Don samun ra'ayin yadda yake aiki, zaku iya zuwa shafin gwajin yanar gizo ganin wasu misalai. Abin baƙin cikin shine, muryoyin Ingilishi kawai ake haɗawa a can. Duk kayan aikin da takaddun don ƙirƙirar sabbin muryoyi ana samun su akan gidan yanar gizon aikin FestVox na Carnegie Mellon (http://festvox.org). http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/
• Gnome-Jawabin: laburaren da ke ba da damar shirya shirye-shiryen software bisa ga dakunan karatu na Gnome tare da ayyuka don samar da magana daga rubutu. Shagon sayar da littattafai GNOME jawabin yana goyan bayan hanyoyin musaya daban-daban, amma a halin yanzu kawai keɓaɓɓiyar maɓallin ke aiki cikin wannan kunshin festival, sauran suna buƙatar Java ko software na mallaka. http://www.escomposlinux.org/lfs-es/blfs-es-SVN/gnome/gnome-speech.html
• Kmagnifier: Gilashin haɓakawa ne wanda ya zo tare da tushen-kde. http://kmag.sourceforge.net/
• Mai kururuwa: Rubutun magana wanda ke maimaita rubutu da haruffa waɗanda suka bayyana a tashar Linux ko na'ura mai kwakwalwa. http://web.inter.nl.net/users/lemmensj/homepage/uk/screader.html
• XZoom: Wani gilashin kara girma yana samuwa ga kowane rarraba tare da yanayin zane na X11. Yana faɗaɗa takamaiman ɓangarorin tebur (wanda aka zaɓa tare da linzamin kwamfuta) kuma yana da sauri da haske isa don faɗaɗa bidiyo da rayarwa. http://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/g/xzoom.htm
• Yanayin SVGATExt: Daidaita girman font, siginan kwamfuta, H / V aiki tare na rubutu wanda ya bayyana a kan Linux console ko m don zama mafi iya karantawa. http://freshmeat.net/projects/svgatextmode/

Aikace-aikace don mutane masu matsalar motsi

dasher: Ba ka damar maye gurbin buga keyboard tare da motsi da aka yi da joystick, linzamin kwamfuta, trackball ko touchscreen. Yana da matukar amfani ga waɗanda aka tilasta yin aiki da kwamfuta da hannu ɗaya ko babu (ta hanyar a mai sa ido). Tare da sigar da ke goyan baya kallon ido, gogaggen masu amfani zasu iya rubuta adadin kalmomi kamar yadda aka saba rubutawa da hannu (kalmomi 29 a minti ɗaya); Ta amfani da linzamin kwamfuta, ƙwararrun masu amfani na iya buga har zuwa kalmomi 39 a minti ɗaya! http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/dasher/
gok: Maballin kewayawa ne wanda ke sarrafa duk ayyukan aikace-aikacen Gnome, tare da saka haruffa na musamman ko rubuta takaddun rubutu, tare da linzamin kwamfuta. Hakanan yana baku damar ƙirƙirar al'adunku "madannai". http://www.gok.ca/
Murya: Yana fahimtar murya kuma yana ba da izinin faɗi da sarrafa wasu aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin hoto ta murya. Don ganewar magana yana amfani da injin sanarwa na IBM ViaVoice wanda aka rarraba daban. http://xvoice.sourceforge.net/
OpenMindSpeech: Aikace-aikacen gane magana da ke da'awar cewa ya dace da KDE, Gnome da duk aikace-aikacen da ke akwai don Linux. Babban aiki ne mai son gaske amma a bayyane (saboda rashi labarai a yanar gizo) an dakatar dashi ... http://freespeech.sourceforge.net/

Lazarux: distro ga nakasassu

Rarraba na GNU / Linux ne ke aiki daga Live-CD, wanda ya dace da buƙatun ƙididdiga na ingantaccen gani na magana da Sifaniyanci, wanda ya haɗa da ɗimbin aikace-aikace masu saurin isa da injin muryar gaba ɗaya cikin Spanish. Baya ga kayan aikin sarrafa kai na ofis da aka saba da su, Intanet, multimedia, da sauransu ... yana sanya xmag, Emacspeak, gilashin kara girman abu, madannin allo, Xzoom, Yasr, Dasher, mai hada murya da Gnopernicus wanda aka kunna daga nauyin farko, wanda zamu iya sarrafa shi. tsarin daga farawa.