Samu fa'idojin amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da OpenWrt: 'yanci mara waya

budewrt.org // #ganewa@Bbchausa

BudeWrt rarrabawa ne GNU / Linux bisa Debian GNU / Linux hakan yana bamu damar amfani da halaye na fasaha na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa iyakar abin da za mu iya ba shi tare da firmware da masana'antun suka girka.

Idan muka nema BudeWrt a cikin wikipedia Muna iya karanta:

«BudeWrt shine rarraba GNU / Linux mai amfani da firmware wanda aka yi amfani dashi don na'urori masu sakawa kamar su hanyoyin jirgin ruwa.
Tallafawa asali an iyakance shi ne ga Linksys WRT54G, amma tun da fadadarsa cikin sauri, an haɗa tallafi ga sauran masana'antun da na'urori, gami da Netgear, D-Link, ASUS, da wasu kaɗan. Mafi mashahuri na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa har yanzu shine Linksys WRT54G da ASUS WL500G. BudeWrt Da farko yana amfani da layin layin umarni, amma kuma yana da ingantaccen tsarin yanar gizo na WEB. Ana bayar da tallafin fasaha kamar yadda yake a cikin yawancin ayyukan Software na Kyauta, ta hanyar tattaunawa da tashar ta IRC.

A ci gaban BudeWrt an inganta shi da farko saboda lasisin GPL, wanda ya tilasta duk waɗancan masana'antun waɗanda suka gyara da inganta lambar, don sakin ta da ba da gudummawa sosai ga aikin gaba ɗaya.

Byan kadan kaɗan, software tana ƙaruwa kuma ana aiwatar da sifofi waɗanda yawancin masana'antun na'urorin kasuwanci don ɓangarorin da ba sana'a ba su da su, kamar QoS, VPN da sauran abubuwan da ke samarwa BudeWrt na na'urar da ke da matukar karfi da amfani, ya dace da amfani da kayan masarufi a inda yake aiki BudeWrt ba wai kawai don amfani dashi a matsayin magudanar hanya ba, amma a matsayin sabobin fayil, P2P nodes, sabobin WEBcam, garun wuta ko ƙofofin VPN. »

OpenWrt da dd-wrt

Baya ga BudeWrt akwai dd-wrt wanda shine ɓangaren ɓangare na uku na BudeWrt tare da nufin bayar da samfurin kasuwanci; ta wannan hanyar zaku iya siyan magudanar da firmware dd-wrt riga an saka kuma an biya tallafi don kulawa da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin su.

Babban bambanci tsakanin BudeWrt y dd-wrt shi ne cewa ƙarshen ba shi da na'ura mai kwakwalwa don samun damar harsashi, baya goyan bayan shigar da sabon software kuma asali sigar kasuwanci ce ta BudeWrt wanda ya fi kusa da firmware wanda masu ba da hanya ta hanyar kasuwanci za su iya kawowa daga masana'anta amma tare da halaye masu ƙarfi.

Wasu daga cikin wuraren da yake ficewa dd-wrt yana cikin tsarin amfani da shi kamar yadda yafi kyau fiye da na BudeWrt tare da ƙarin aikace-aikace masu gogewa waɗanda aka tsara don masu amfani na ƙarshe kuma ba sysadmins ko abubuwan sha'awa ba.

Wani muhimmin bambanci shine cewa gabaɗaya firmware na dd-wrt yana kan layi ɗaya kamar 'tsayayyen' firmware na BudeWrt sabili da haka ɗan ɗan bayan ci gaban wanda, a faɗin gaskiya, yana yin aiki mai ban al'ajabi kuma ga ɗan lokaci mai ƙarfi, ban taɓa samun matsala ba.

Kodayake a kallon farko dd-wrt ba ze zama mai ban sha'awa ba kamar BudeWrt Yana da kyau a sanya shi a cikin lamurra wadanda babu firmware a cikinsu BudeWrt don na'urarmu ko muna so mu sami ingantaccen keɓaɓɓen ƙira wanda ya dace da matsakaita mai amfani.

Duk ayyukan, BudeWrt y dd-wrt Suna da babbar al'umma kowannensu wanda ke kula da ayyukan biyu a ci gaba, wanda ke ba mu tabbacin samun tallafi na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan al'ummomin suna buɗe da abokantaka, kodayake kafin yin tambaya, ana tambayar mai amfani da ya karanta takaddun da ya dace ya sake nazarin wiki da majalisun, tunda ya tabbata cewa tuni an yi tambayarsa kuma an amsa ta a baya.

Tabbas, tambayoyi kamar "Na shigar da buɗaɗɗen rubutu kuma ban aikata komai ba, me zan iya yi?" Ba a maraba dasu kuma zai iya haifar da fiye da ɗaya, aƙalla, don bayyana cewa an warware komai tare da sudo rm -rf / da shigar da kalmarka ta sirri> = D.

Fasali na BudeWrt

Fa'idodin amfani BudeWrt suna da yawa:

1. cikakken diski ne mai matukar aiki, "mini" anan yana nufin cewa:

a) yana da iyakantattun fakiti masu yawa
b) An tsara shi don ya zama ƙarami kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma za mu iya shigar da shi a ƙananan wuraren ajiya (kamar 2mb!) Kuma hakanan yana aiki tare da MIPS CPUs na 300mhz kawai.

1. Wifi modulu an inganta su ta amfani BudeWrt Zamuyi amfani da na'ura mai amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta hanyar sadarwa mafi kyau tunda zai sami sigina mafi kyau: zai zama mafi iko da haske fiye da kayan firmware da yazo dasu daga masana'anta.
2. kodayake babban-karshe ne, aikace-aikace masu saurin sarrafa inji kamar PHPMuna da nau'ikan software masu ban sha'awa don girka dangane da ƙwarewar fasahar na'urarmu.
3. . Idan muna da sarari da damar lissafi da ta dace, zamu iya samun sabar gidan yanar sadar da ake buƙata yana gudana a lokaci guda:

a) sabar fayil - NFS y SMB / CIFS
b) abokin ciniki irc (a halin da nake ciki Sansani) tare da abokin ciniki don saƙon nan take BitlBee haɗe. Ta wannan hanyar kuma muddin bamu kashe ko kora na'urar ba da hanyar sadarwa ba, za mu kasance 100% akan layi. Hankali: Lissafin IRC, musamman idan muna haɗe da tashoshi da yawa (a halin da nake ciki akwai 31 a wannan lokacin) na iya ɗaukar sarari da yawa da sauri. Idan za mu gudanar da abokin ciniki na IRC a kan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, Ina ba da shawarar haɗa sashin ajiya na waje da adana rajistan ayyukan can.
c) ƙirƙira ko zama ɓangare na hanyar sadarwar Open Mesh ko m cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya, wanda akafi sani da BATMAN
d) sabobin gidan yanar gizo kamar sashin yanar gizo y nginx
e) rashin iyaka aikace-aikacen tsaro kamar su Kismet, aircrack-ng, arpwatch da macchanger da sauransu; damar ba su da iyaka! Misali: a zaci cewa saboda dalili na X suna buƙatar samun damar wasu hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi amma ba shakka basu san pwd dinsu ko adiresoshin MAC da aka basu damar haɗi ba, a ka'ida zasu iya amfani da router mai sauƙi wanda suke girkawa. BudeWrt tare da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata kuma saita shi don ƙyamar zirga-zirgar mara waya, bincika kalmomin shiga, samo adiresoshin MAC masu rijista, haɗi zuwa hanyoyin sadarwar kuma aika maka da imel da ke sanar da kai cewa suna cikin cibiyar sadarwar da aka ambata, tare da bayanan da suka dace a gare ka. haɗi daga duk inda suke. Da zarar an gama wannan, abin da kawai za su yi shi ne su sami wurin da za su ɓoye na'urar da ke haɗa da cibiyar sadarwar lantarki, kusa da yadda hanyoyin sadarwa suke da sha’awa kuma su bar shi ya yi sihirinsa ;-D
(Tom Cruise wake ne kusa da mu kuma kamar yadda El Indio ya fada kafin ya sayar da kansa, «Nan gaba ya zo wani lokaci da ya wuce")
f) uwar garken bugawa, sabar lokaci (NTP), da dai sauransu.
g) Kasancewa distro wacce aka tsara ta ta hanyar jigina kuma ga masu kyan gani a fili zamu sami damar shiga ta hanyar ssh kuma a haƙiƙa dole ne muyi hakan kamar yadda muka fara a farkon shigar da hoto da kuma tsara shi: shin ba kyau bane!?
h) yiwuwar ƙirƙirar lamba mara iyaka (iyakance ta HW kanta) na hanyoyin sadarwar Wifi =)
i) duk ƙarfin mafi kyawun shinge a duniya, iptables a sabis ɗinmu daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa da kuma daga zane mai zane.
j) aikace-aikace kamar tmux suna kusa, kawai yi a # opkg sabunta && opkg shigar da tmux don haka yin aiki a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa abin farin ciki ne
k) Kamar yadda wataƙila kuka lura, manajan kunshin yana amfani da tsarin lafazin kwatankwacin manajan kunshin Debian GNU / Linux Ee me yasa okg ya dogara ne akan tsohuwar ipkg wanda kuma ya ɗauki dpkg / apt a matsayin abin dubawa. Yi hankali, kar a sami wani ruɗi game da wannan manajan kunshin, ba shi da kusan ƙarfi ko sassauci kamar 'yan uwansa maza, amma yana yin aikinsa sosai.
l) Muna da hanyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo da yawa da zamu zaba dangane da dandano da abubuwan da muke so. A bangarena kuma bayan gwada su duka an bar ni tare Luci tunda shine mafi sauki kuma ya bani damar samun damar kewayon ayyuka masu yawa na BudeWrt. Cewa yana da haske ba ƙaramin bayanai bane tunda na'urar mai amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta gida mai tawali'u ce TP-mahaɗin TL-WR2573ND kuma sararin samaniya mai walƙiya shine 8mb kawai, sabili da haka ƙananan sararin da zanyi amfani dasu a mara ma'ana kamar ɗakunan yanar gizo da aka ɗora kuma kyakkyawa mafi sararin samaniya zanyi loda aikace-aikace.
m) a tsakanin sauran ayyuka yana da cikakken goyan bayan Jumbo Frames da VLANS!
n) Sauran fasalulluka sun haɗa da waɗanda yawancin magudanar gida / SOHO ke fitowa daga cikin akwatin kamar ɗaukar ARP, zirga-zirgar tsayayyu, sunayen masauki, ɗaurin DHCP, ikon samun lokaci, ikon amfani da DNS da yawa ga kowane hanyar sadarwa, da sauransu.
o) Kasancewar mu GNU / Linux distro zamu sami cikakkun damar yin amfani da tsarin tsarin, rajistan ayyukan kernel, daemon da muke son gudanar dasu lokacin farawa, da sauransu, duk dai dai da yadda suke amfani da shi.
p) Ya haɗa da kyau -da kuma amfani- masu fashin kwamfuta don sanya fitilun lantarki su amsa takamaiman ayyuka, ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya saita su zuwa walƙiya ta wata hanya dangane da yadda muke amfani da na'urar (mai waya, cibiyar sadarwa mara waya, kamar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, sauyawa, da sauransu), lokacin da muke samun damar na'urorin USB da aka haɗa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kamar rumbun waje na waje ko firintar, da sauransu
q) tsakanin sauran aikace-aikacen da zamu iya girka manajan VPN, Nagios, Munin (ingantaccen kuma Kyakkyawan Nagios), girka MTD (Isar da Jirgin Sama) kuma juya shi zuwa sabar imel, shigar mc (Tsakar dare kwamanda), sabar Avahi / Bonjour / Zeroconf, idan muna da HD ta waje wacce aka haɗa da tarin waƙoƙin mu zamu iya tafiyar da aljan na mpd a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa wanda zai ba mu damar haɗa su zuwa gare ta daga duk wata na'ura da ke haɗuwa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ko da kuwa suna kan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban, da dai sauransu.
r) Akwai daruruwan ƙarin fakitoci na kowane nau'i don ku iya aikata kusan abin da kuke so tare da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ban da ambaton idan kuna da na'urar fucking. Kamar koyaushe tare da GNU / Linux, iyaka kawai shine tunanin mai amfani

A takaice, BudeWrt shin mafarkin yaro ya zama gaskiya = D.

Yanayin dawowa / GASKIYA

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa abu ne mai matukar yuwuwa cewa lokutan farko da muka girka wannan ingantaccen firmware za'a barmu daga cikin hanyar hanyar sadarwa don daidaita wani abu ba daidai ba ko don sharewa ko sake suna wani abu wanda bai kamata mu taɓa shi ba - amma yanayin sha'awarmu tana tura mu muyi hakan xD

A zahiri, editan da ya sa hannu a wannan bayanin, ina nufin, yana da Gran ra'ayin share hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo don sake saita su yadda ya kamata suna zama a waje da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma ba sa iya samun damar ta tun da yake tsarin da aka saka yana yin abubuwan al'ajabi amma babu hanyar sadarwa da aka kunna - ee, I am a genius, bad! BOLUDO !!!

Masu ci gaba na BudeWrt sun hango irin waɗannan shari'o'in kuma sun ba da damar haɗi don yanayin taya mai aminci -kasa kasa- don mu sami damar gaggawa kuma sake saita tsarin.

Yana da mahimmanci ayi la'akari da wannan saboda tare da firmware na BudeWrt ya kusan tabbata cewa maɓallin sake saiti na hanyoyinku ba zai yi aiki kamar yadda ake tsammani ba, wato a ce kun dawo da daidaituwa iri ɗaya zuwa saitunan ma'aikata. A zahiri, ana amfani da maɓallin a cikin yanayi kasa kasa de BudeWrt amma kawai don aika sigina zuwa kayan aiki a wani lokaci kuma za mu iya samun damar na'urar ta sake telnet ko ssh.

Hakanan yana iya faruwa dasu tubali na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa idan sun girka hoto wanda bai dace da shi ba, a irin wannan yanayin dawo da na'urar ya zama da ɗan rikitarwa ta yadda hanyar ta ƙunshe buɗe shi don samun damar haɗawa, sayar da na'urar lantarki wacce za mu ciyar da ita ta hanyar kebul na USB wanda aka haɗa da injin mu sannan a haɗa shi da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, kunna uwar garken FTP -TFTP- sosai na farko don kwafa madaidaicin firmware, sake saita sabon hoto, da dai sauransu, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa kodayake idan bamuyi shi a hankali ba muna fuskantar haɗarin ƙona na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.

Screenshots

Ga wasu hotunan kwasfa na BusyBox da gidan yanar gizo na Luci:

Ya zuwa yanzu gabatarwar zuwa BudeWrtDaga baya zan rubuta wani ɗan gajeren jagorar shigarwa, fiye da komai yanayi na yau da kullun da za'a iya fuskanta, musamman saboda awanni na binciken da na saka jari su sami damar karanta tarin takardu da musayar ra'ayoyi akan IRC har sai na bar na'ura mai ba da hanya ta hanyar komputa kamar yadda nake shi a yau.