Umthombo ovulekileyo ubonakala ufana nomsebenzi wasimahla, yile nto bayibonakalisileyo uninzi lwee abaphuhlisi kuphando lwakutsha nje lweDijithali Ocean. Kuyo usixelela ukuba abaphuhlisi bavakalelwa kukuba kufuneka babuyekezwe ngeminikelo yabo, okokuqala kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeteknoloji.
Uphando lusekelwe kwingxelo evela kubaphuhlisi be-4.440 inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo eMntla Melika, eYurophu nakwingingqi ye-Asia-Pacific. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo babuzwayo bakholelwa ukuba ifanele ihlawulwe ukukhuthaza abazimasi ukuba bafake isandla kwiiprojekthi ezivulelekileyo (54%), ngoxa abamalunga nesithathu bengaqinisekanga kwaye kuphela i-12% yabaphenduli abachasene nokuhlawula abantu ngeminikelo yabo.
Kumbuzo wokuba ngubani omele ahlawulwe, ingxelo igxininisa ukwahlukana phakathi kwabaphenduli.
I-35% ikholelwa ukuba abagcini kufuneka bahlawulwe, I-30% ikholelwa ukuba abahlawuli berhafu kufuneka bahlawulwe kwaye i-25% ikholelwa ukuba ababhali kufuneka bahlawulwe ngomsebenzi wabo.
Okumangalisayo kukuba izizukulwana eziselula zixhasa kakhulu ekuhlawuleni iminikelo ukuvula umthombo kunabanye oontanga bayo abadala. I-60% yabantu abaneminyaka eyi-18-24 ubudala bakholelwa ukuba abantu kufuneka babuyekezwe ngeminikelo yabo yokuvula umthombo, ngelixa kuphela i-53% ye-25-34 ubudala, i-51% ye-35-44 ubudala, i-42% yabaneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-54 kwaye kuphela. I-34% yabangaphezu kwama-55 bayavumelana.
Abaphenduli baphinde babuzwa ukuba ngubani ofanele ahlawule ezi ntlawulo. Malunga nesiqingatha sabaphenduli bacinga ukuba iinkampani zetekhnoloji kufuneka zihlawule ukuhlawulela iminikelo yomthombo ovulekileyo, ngelixa ikota icinga ukuba abanini beeprojekthi okanye abantu kufuneka bahlawule.
Kwimeko ekhuthazwa yiminikelo evumela ukuba "umvuzo" wabalondolozi ukhululwe, u-Andre Staltz ubonisa ukuba "Uninzi lwama-80% eeprojekthi ezivulelekileyo ezithathwa njengezizinzileyo ngokwenene zifumana umvuzo ongaphantsi kwemigangatho yoshishino okanye ngaphantsi komgca wentlupheko. Kumanani, umdali we-intanethi ye-Manyverse social network uhlolisise iiprojekthi ze-58 ezithandwa kakhulu kwi-OpenCollective platform, ukhetho olulungeleyo ngokufumaneka kwedatha yezemali kwiiprojekthi ezidweliswe apho.
“Ngaphezu kwe-50% yeeprojekthi ziphawulwe ngombala obomvu: zezo zingenako ukubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kwabo bawagcina ngaphantsi komgangatho wentlupheko. I-31% yeeprojekthi ziphawulwe njenge-orenji kwaye ziquka abaphuhlisi abakulungeleyo ukusebenzela umvuzo onokuthi uthathwe njengongamkelekanga kwishishini lethu. I-12% imakishwe eluhlaza kwaye yi-3% kuphela ephawulwe luhlaza: Webpack kunye ne-Vue.js. Ingeniso yeGitHub ngenkwenkwezi ibalulekile: iiprojekthi ezizinzileyo zineedola ezingaphezulu kwe-2 inkwenkwezi nganye. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo li-$ 1,22 ngenkwenkwe nganye. Ubungakanani beqela bukwabalulekile ekuzinzeni: xa lincinci iqela, kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba lixhase abalondolozi balo. Umyinge womnikelo ngonyaka yi-217 yeedola, eyona nto ibalulekileyo xa
USaltz ukholelwa ukuba enye yeengxaki yomthombo ovulekileyo kukuba “ezi projekthi iinkampani ezininzi zixhomekeke kuzo zifuna iminikelo kwaye azifumani ngokwaneleyo.
“Ukususela ekuqaleni, kufuneka uyikhulule iprojekthi phantsi kwelayisenisi eyomeleleyo ye-copyleft. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka uqalise iphulo lokuxhasa ngemali abantu abaninzi ukuze uguqule ilayisenisi yeprojekthi ibe yevumayo xa sele kukho imali eyaneleyo,” ucebisa njengemodeli yenkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo.
Nangona uthatho-nxaxheba lulonke lwemithombo evulelekileyo lwehlile ngo-2020 ngokweSaveyi yeDijithali yoLwandlekazi, i-63% yabo bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo babika ukonyuka komsebenzi wabo.
Oku kubangelwa zezi zinto zintathu: i-29% ithi ibe nexesha elingakumbi lokungenzi nto, i-28% ifuna ukusebenzisa eli xesha ekufundeni, kwaye i-15% ayifuni ukuba negalelo kwisizathu esisondeleyo entliziyweni yabo.
Umthombo: https://www.digitalocean.com
Ngokunxulumene nemiba emibini ephambili yenqaku ndingagqabaza koku kulandelayo:
1.- Kubalulekile ukuba bonke abantu ababandakanyekayo kumthombo ovulekileyo kunye neeprojekthi "zokufikelela simahla" bavuzwe kunye / okanye bafumane ibhonasi ngegalelo labo kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo.
2.- Nangona kunjalo, xa kufikwa kwisigqibo sokuba ngubani oza kuthumela iminikelo, umntu ujongene nale ngxaki ilandelayo yokuziphatha - enokubonwa kwi-Case Study:
Masithi sisebenzisa i-GNU / Linux, i-Linux Mint, i-Apache Open Office, i-GNU Radio, i-Jupyter kunye ne-Python ukukhuthaza - kwiYunivesithi kaRhulumente - ukusetyenziswa kwe-Open Source Technology kunye neenzuzo zayo ezininzi kwiNkqubo yokuFundisa kwiNkalo yoNxibelelwano. Yongeza kule ngcinga yokuba iprojekthi ayinazo iiNkxaso zeZiko kunye/okanye zikaRhulumente. Kukho UKHOLO oluyimfama kuphela kunye nezibonelelo ezimbalwa zeqela elincinane lootitshala (ubuncinci ababini) abazama ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obunjalo phakathi kwabafundi babo; eliya kuthi - kwixesha eliphakathi - lidityaniswe kwiMarike yezaBasebenzi.
Zeziphi ke iingxaki abajongene nazo ooTitshala nabaFundi?
1.- Shiya izinto njengoko zinjalo kwaye ugweme i-curves yokufunda yabadlali abanjalo kunye neendleko zemali kunye nexesha elibandakanyekayo kuTshintsho lweTekhnoloji yokuFundisa.
2.- Hlawula “umrhumo” (ngexesha, inzame kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu) ezifunwa ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwiTekhnoloji yeOpen Source; kwaye, ngaxeshanye, sisebenze njengabakhuthazi beNtshukumo kwaye sibe negalelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uLwazi lukuFikelelo kubo bonke abo bafuna kunye/okanye abafuna ukukhuthaza ukuzifundela kunye nezakhono zokusebenza.
Kuxa umgca wesenzo wesibini wamkelwa apho ingxaki yokuziphatha ehambelana naleyo ibandakanyekayo kwisigqibo sokuqala ivezwa:
EWE NDINESIBONELELO SEMALI OMNCINCI (Ekubeni umvuzo katitshala wesifundo kufuneka wongiwe ukuze kuxhaswe abalingane ababandakanyekayo kwaye bazibophelele ekunikezeleni ngeeMveliso/iiNkonzo ezisemgangathweni eziphawula intshukumo yeOpen Source) kodwa ndisebenzisa iMveliso/iiNkonzo zolu luntu lulandelayo:
1.-GNU/Linux.
2.-GNU Radio.
3.-Python.
4.-Jupyter.
5.-Apache Open Office.
6.-Linux Mint.
7.-ALSA.
NDIMNIKA OBANI ubuncwane obudla ngokulinganiselweyo? Ingaba kukho indlela apho - ukuba umntu ofana nalo usayine apha ngezantsi - avuma ngokunyanisekileyo phambi kweFSF ukuba kusetyenziswa iimveliso ezithile, kwenziwa idiphozithi ENYE kwaye ukusuka apho ulwabiwo olulinganayo lwenziwa phakathi koluntu?
Ewe, njengoko ndiyiqonda, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa iLinux Mint, ubuncinci abantu abane kufuneka benze umsebenzi wabo: GNU/Linux, Debian, Ubuntu kunye neLinux Mint kwaye kukho enye ingxaki yokuziphatha eyenzeka: Yeyiphi kwezi eyenza umsebenzi omninzi. ?
Ekugqibeleni, kwaye ngaphandle kokuzama ukuthethelela ukunqongophala kweminikelo yemali yabasayiniweyo, NJENGOMTHETHO wobuqu WOKHOLO OLUYImfama, ndicinga ukuba KUQALA kulungele ukuvelisa imfuno yeTekhnoloji kwaye Emva koko uluntu olukhulu oludityaniswe nentshukumo yomthombo ovulekileyo iya kuba bayakwazi ukufikelela kuncedo olukhulu kubalingane ababelana nathi: INTLIZIYO, UKHOLO, ulwazi, umzamo, ixesha kunye nenxalenye yomvuzo wabo (ekubeni USEBENZA KAKUHLE ngovuyo, ngokukhululekileyo nangokungazingci, ..., ..., IXABISO! , ..., kwaye akukho mntu unokukwazi ukuyifikelela!
Izigqibo:
I-1.- Simele sihlawule IINDLEKO ZOKHOLO lwethu kwiNtlalo yoMntu onomdla oya kudlula thina njengabantu ngabanye, mhlawumbi okwethutyana okanye ngegalelo kwintlalontle yoBuntu.
I-2.- Kufuneka sikhuthaze iiMveliso kunye neeNkonzo abazinikezelayo, kuluntu apho sisebenza khona, zombini i-FSF kunye ne-Open Source movement phakathi kwezizukulwana ezitsha: kukho Abasebenzisi abaninzi njengoko kukho abaPhuhlisi beSoftware, amaxwebhu, iiNkonzo, njl. Amathuba okuba sikhumbule kuphela uLeonardo da Vinci: «Owu! Thixo nawe osinika yonke into ngomzamo nje omnye!
3.- Bekuya kwenzeka ntoni kuLuntu lwe-GNU/Linux ukuba abakhuthazi bokuqala bombutho baqale bajonga ukuba bahlawulwe malini baze baqalise ukusebenza?
4.- Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kuBuntu ukuba uPascal, uLeibnitz, uGauss, uFourier, uNewton, uPlanck, uDe Broglie, ..., ..., kunye nabanye abaninzi BASIBELELE ukufikelela kwimveliso yomzamo wabo, ukuzinikela kwaye, ngaphezulu. bonke, kuMGANGATHO WOMSEBENZI WAKHE, nangona mhlawumbi ngelo xesha WAYENGAFUMANEKA NGOKUFANELEKILEYO, OKANYE BENGAQINISEKI IMIDA NEENZUZO ABABEYA KUYIZENZA/AYIZALISE iminyaka engama-200 kamva?
5.- Ndibulela kwangethuba BONKE ABATHUNYIWEYO abafake isandla kwiinzame zabo, ngokuzinikezela kunye nokuzinikela ekwakheni nasekukhuliseni olu luntu luKhulu lweZintlu eziDibeneyo kunye neNjongo,…,…, NDIKHOLELWA NGOKUQHELEKILEYO ukuba akukho galelo - lincinci kunye/okanye inkunzi - linokuhlawula. umgangatho woMsebenzi ababelana nathi ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo zabo. Igalelo lam kuphela nelithobekileyo kwiqela kukuQhubeka nokuPhakamisa iFilosofi kunye nokuQeqesha koBomi phakathi kwezizukulwana ezitsha, Ukwandisa iiMfuno (Abathengi abanokubakho) kwaye ngale ndlela baphucule iiNzuzo ezinokufunyanwa ngabalingane,…,…, kuba ku isiphelo , ..., ..., yonke into ihlala apha! kwaye siyinxalenye yoMsebenzi osodlulayo ngokweThutyana nakuMntu ngamnye.
Atte. JR López-Miranda (eMexico).
Nge-Matshi 2 ye-2021