Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze Android Studio

Siyazi i-Android njengenye yeenkqubo zokusebenza ezikhokelela kwintengiso yetekhnoloji yoqhakamshelwano, egxile kwifowuni yeselfowuni. Ngaphandle kokuthetha okuninzi malunga noku, kuyacaca ke ukuba ibango ngomsebenzisi ngamnye kubuhle obunikezelwa yinkqubo, ethetha ngakumbi malunga nokufunyanwa kwezicelo zokuphucula okanye ukwenza ngokwezifiso izixhobo zethu ze-Android, ziya zisiba nzima kumsebenzisi, ukusukela oko, inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuphiswano elikhoyo phakathi kwabo lifuna ukuba abaphuhlisi babo bavelise okanye baphucule ngakumbi ukubumba komntu ngamnye. Ngesi sizathu, kwaye inxulunyaniswa nomba wobunzima obunokubakho kwinkqubo yesicelo, inkqubo ye-Android ngokwayo inikezela ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo nezifanelekileyo zophuhliso lwezicelo esele zichaziwe. Ezi zixhobo okanye izixhobo zenza into eyaziwa njenge Android Studio. Le yi-IDE esemthethweni ye-Android yophuhliso lwesicelo. Ngenxa ye I-IntelliJ IDEA; imeko-bume okanye indawo yophuhliso yeenkqubo, enezixhobo ezinamandla zokuhlela ikhowudi. Kunokuthiwa malunga nohlalutyo lwekhowudi yayo, iphakamisa iimpazamo kwangoko, ukuze inike isisombululo esikhawulezileyo kubo. Njengesixhobo esihlanganisiweyo sokuphuhlisa okanye sokwakha iinkqubo kwi-Android, iqulethe ujongano lomsebenzisi olwalukade lwakhiwe okanye luyilelwe, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zescreen, apho izinto ezikhoyo zinokuhanjiswa. Ukongeza, ukulungisa iingxaki ze-emulators kunye nokubanakho ukusebenza neLogcat kugutyungelwe. I-IntelliJ IDEA ixhasa iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezisekwe kwi-JVM; IJava (yiyo loo nto "uJ" kwi-IntelliJ), iClojure, iGroovy, iKotin kunye neScala. Kunye nenkxaso yeMaven kunye neGradle. Ngale teknoloji, inxulunyaniswa ne-Android Studio, amathuba akhululekile ekwenziweni nasekwakhiweni kwezicelo zale nkqubo.

Android Isitudiyo sinamacandelo ahlukeneyo anceda umsebenzi wokwakha usetyenziso; Inkqubo yokwakha esekwe kwiGradle, ukwakha okwahlukileyo kunye neefayile ezininzi ze-APK, kunye neetemplate zekhowudi ezinceda ekwakheni usetyenziso. Umhleli wobume opheleleyo ngenkxaso yokutsala kunye nokwehla kokuhlelwa kwezinto zomxholo Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula kunye nokuhambelana kwinguqulelo, iKhowudi iyancipha ngeProGuard kunye nokusetyenziswa okuncinci nangaphantsi kwezixhobo kunye neGradle. Okokugqibela, inkxaso eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwiQonga leLifu likaGoogle, eyenza kube lula ukudibanisa imiyalezo yefu kaGoogle kunye neInjini yeApp.

Ngokubhekisele kuphuhliso lokuhamba komsebenzi, Android Studio ineseti yezixhobo eziphetheyo, ukongeza kufikelelo olunokwenzeka ukusuka kumgca wokuyalela ukuya kwizixhobo ze-SDK. Into ebalulekileyo malunga nayo yonke le nto kukuba Android Studio inika intuthuzelo kubaphuhlisi, kuba kuyo kunokwenzeka ukubhenela, ngexesha lophuhliso lwesicelo, izixhobo eziyimfuneko njengeendlela ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi.

Phakathi kwezigaba zophuhliso ezigubungela ukufezekiswa kwezicelo kwi Android Studio sifumana amanqanaba amane. Eyokuqala ngu useto lwendalo; Ngeli nqanaba, imeko yophuhliso ifakiwe kwaye ilungiselelwe. Ukongeza, uqhagamshelo lwenziwe kwizinto apho ukufakelwa kweapps kunokwenziwa khona, kwaye izixhobo ze-Android ezibonakalayo (AVDS) ziyenziwa. Isigaba sesibini sigubungela Uqwalaselo lweProjekthi noPhuhliso; Ngeli xesha, ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi kunye nophuhliso lwayo lwenziwa. Sithetha ngokudala iimodyuli ezinemithombo yesicelo kunye neefayile zekhowudi yemithombo. Isigaba sesithathu siquka ukuvavanya, ukulungisa ingxaki kunye nokwakha usetyenziso; Okwangoku iprojekthi yakhelwe kwiphakheji (okanye) yeapap enokulungiswa enokufakwa kwaye isebenze kwi-emulator okanye kwisixhobo se-Android. Inkqubo yokwakha esekwe kwiGradle iyasetyenziswa. Oku kubonelela ngokuguquguquka, ukwakhiwa kwesiko okwahlukileyo, kunye nokusonjululwa kokuxhomekeka. Kwimeko yokusebenzisa enye i-IDE, iprojekthi inokuphuhliswa kusetyenziswa iGradle, kwaye emva koko, ifakwe kwisixhobo esisebenzisa i-ADB. Emva koko, isicelo silungisiwe ngemiyalezo yokubeka esweni isixhobo, kunye nesixhobo sokungena kwi-Android (Logcat) kunye nombono we-IntelliJ. Ukongeza, i-JDWP debugger ehambelanayo inokusetyenziswa, ukongeza izixhobo zokulungisa kunye nokuloga ezibonelelwa nge-Android SDK. Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo zovavanyo ze-Android SDK zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya usetyenziso.

Njengesigaba sokugqibela, i ukupapashwa kwesicelo; Okwangoku, ubumbeko luyenziwa kwaye isicelo senzelwa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhanjiswa simahla kwesicelo kubasebenzisi. Ngexesha lokulungiselela, inguqulelo yesicelo yakhiwe, enokuthi abasebenzisi bayikhuphele kwaye bayifake kwizixhobo zabo ukuze ingxelo yesicelo ithengiswe kwaye isasazwe.

Kulo mfanekiso sinokubona umzobo wamanqanaba okufezekiswa kwezicelo kwi Android Studio.

Sele sizazi izigaba kunye nophuhliso ngexesha lokwenziwa kweapp ye-Android. Kwimeko yeprojekthi nganye, ibhekisa kwisiseko seemodyuli, usetyenziso luqulathe imodyuli enye okanye nangaphezulu ngeefayile zekhowudi yemithombo kunye neefayile zoovimba. Ezithi, ngokweentlobo zazo ezahlukeneyo ziqulathe; Iimodyuli zeapps ze-Android, iimodyuli zeThala leencwadi, iimodyuli zovavanyo, kunye neemodyuli zeNjini yeApp. Ngokuzenzekelayo, Android Studio ibonisa iifayile zeprojekthi kumbono weprojekthi ye-Android. Okwangoku iimodyuli zibonwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokubonelela ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiifayile zekhowudi yemithombo ephambili. Kwimeko yokwakha iifayile, ezi ziyabonakala kwinqanaba eliphezulu phantsi kweSkripthi Gradle. Kwi Studio Android sele siqonda ukuba iGradle isetyenziswa njengesiseko senkqubo yokwakha isicelo. Le nkqubo yendalo isebenza njengesixhobo esidityaniswe kwimenyu ye-Android Studio, kwaye yona izimele kulayini wokuyalela.

Iifayile zeProjekthi.

Sele siyazi inxenye yokwakhiwa kwe Studio ye-Android kunye nendlela owenziwa ngayo umsebenzi kuyo, kufanelekile ukuba kuthiwe kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo besinayo inguqulelo entsha yayo, ebifumaneka kuhlelo lwayo luka-2.1.0 ngo-Epreli. Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba uhlaziyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha olwenziwe kwi Android Studio lwenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlaziya iprojekthi, kule meko akufuneki kubekho nkxalabo yonjiniyela.

Phakathi kweenguqu eziphambili ezifumaneka kolu hlobo lutsha, inkxaso yophuhliso kuhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokusebenza, i-Android N, kuPhononongo lwayo iyaxabiseka. Iqonga le-Android N longeza inkxaso kwiJava 8, eneempawu zolwimi ezifuna umhlanganisi wovavanyo omtsha obizwa ngokuba nguJack. Inguqulelo yamva nje kaJack isebenza kuphela kuhlobo 2.1. Isuka = ​​Android Studio. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa le nguqulo ukuba ufuna ukusebenza neJava 8. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona Android Studio 2.1 izinzile, umhlanganisi kaJack usalingwa, ke ngoko, kufuneka yenziwe yenziwe ngepropathi yeJackOptions kuyo Yakha ifayile.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezintsha kuhlobo olutsha, ukulungiswa kwe-bug okuncinci kwenziwa kunye nokuphuculwa okuthile; I-Java-aware C ++ Debugger yenziwe ukuba isebenze ngokungagqibekanga xa usebenzisa isixhobo se-N okanye i-emulator kunye nokukhetha indlela yemeko yokulungisa ingxaki. Njengengcebiso yokuphuculwa kokufezekiswa kweapp, kulungile ukuhlaziya iplagi ye-Android yeGradle kuhlobo lwe-2.1.0.

Okwangoku Android Studio isukile kuhlobo olungu-0.1 laya ku-2.1.0, inamahlelo angama-24 ewonke kubandakanya nolona lutshanje ngo-Epreli walo nyaka. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi nganye okanye inguqulelo yayo yamva nje, ndwendwela eli khonkco lilandelayo kwiphepha lalo elisemthethweni lokukhuphela okanye ulwazi malunga nokusombulula ingxaki: http://developer.android.com/tools/revisions/studio.html