Inkqubo ngokuchasene neSysvinit. Kwaye inkqubo-shim?

Inkqubo ngoku kungowona mgangatho usetyenziswa kakhulu ngokwe "Kernel Boot Systems" (Init) enokufezekiswa kwiindawo ze Unix, ezinje ngeLinux. Yenziwe kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo ngu Ukubonga kukaLennart (ikakhulu) ecaleni kwe UKay siyeva (Umnqwazi obomvu wangaphambili). Okwangoku ine ILayisensi ye-LGPL 2.1 (ngaphandle kwemvume phantsi kwe-GPL2). Nangona zikho ezinye iindlela, njengamandulo nabezithethe SysVinit kunye neUpstart, Kukho ezinye iindlela ezintsha eziqhubekayo ezinje Inkqubo-shim.

Kanye njengeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu, iSystemd ikwayenye yeempikiswano kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ithiyiwe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yabasebenzisi, ezihlala zithintela ubunzima bayo kunye nolawulo olugqithisileyo okanye ulawulo kwimisebenzi ye-Distros yayo. Ngesi sizathu, iindlela ezindala okanye zale mihla zisakhula kumacandelo amakhulu oLuntu lwe-GNU / Linux.

Okwangoku i-Systemd njengeprojekthi yeSoftware yasimahla ibanjwe e- GitHub kwaye unamaxwebhu aneleyo kwiwebhusayithi ye «Inkqubo yeFesitophu«. Kwaye nangona ngamanye amaxesha sithethe kakhulu malunga Systemd kwibhlog, umzekelo, kwiposti ebizwa «Inkqubo yeD« ukusuka kumbhali "Usemoslinux"Namhlanje sinethemba lokwandisa kancinci ngakumbi ngokuthelekisa imiba yezinye iindlela ezikhoyo.

Yintoni iSystemd?

Inkqubo yinkqubo kunye noMlawuli weeNkonzo zeeNkqubo ezisekwe kwiLinux. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, inokuchazwa njengeseti yeebhloko zokwakha ezisisiseko zeNkqubo yeLinux, njengoko ibonelela nge «Umlawuli weeNkqubo neeNkonzo » eqhuba njengenkqubo (PID 1) kwaye iqale yonke inkqubo.

Inkqubo icwangcise ukubanakho kokuhambelana okunamandla, isebenzisa "iziseko" kunye ne "D-Bus activation" ukuqala iinkonzo. Ukongeza, ibonelela "Isiqalo" Ngesicelo seedemoni, ilandelela iinkqubo zisebenzisa amaqela olawulo lweLinux, ilawula amanqaku eentaba kunye nezixhobo, kwaye isebenzise ukucacisa ulawulo lwenkonzo yokuxhomekeka esekwe iyavakala.

Okokugqibela, kwaye ngokukodwa, inokongezwa loo nto I-Systemd iyahambelana neskripthi sokuqalisa se-SysV kunye ne-LSB kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sisebenze njengendawo ephumeleleyo yokutshintsha iSysVinit kwii-GNU / Linux Distros ezininzi., ngaphandle kokugxeka okufanelekileyo okanye izimvo ezimbi malunga nayo.

Kwaye ibandakanya i-daemon yokubhalisa, izixhobo zokulawula iisetingi zenkqubo esisiseko njengegama lenginginyaumhla, indawo, ukugcina uluhlu lokungena kubasebenzisi kunye nezikhongozeli kunye nokusebenzisa oomatshini ababonakalayo, iiakhawunti zenkqubo, imikhombandlela kunye noseto lwexesha lokusebenza kunye needemem zokulawula uthungelwano loqwalaselo olulula, ukungqamanisa ixesha lenethiwekhi, ukuhambisa phambili ubhaliso kunye nokusonjululwa kwamagama.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekuhlelwa ukuba zinzima, zinzima kwaye zinobuchule kwi-Distros apho iphunyezwa khona, ngaphandle kokufezekisa ngokwanelisayo iinjongo zayo eyenzelwe zona. Kakhulu kangangokuba iDistro eyaziwayo Debian, Unina wezinye i-GNU / Linux Distros, kudala eyiphumeza, ebenegalelo kulwakhiwo lwayo.

Yintoni sysvinit?

I-SysVinit yenye yezona zidala nezangoku Abalawuli beenkqubo kunye neenkonzo zeeNkqubo ezisekwe kwiLinux. Isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuninzi lwee I-GNU / Linux Distros yee-trajectories, kunye nezinye ezintsha, ezinje UDevuan.

Ukusuka kwiSysVinit njengenkqubo kunokuqaqanjiswa oku kulandelayo:

«Yinkqubo yokuqala ukuba isebenze emva kokuba ikernel ilayishiwe kwaye izala zonke ezinye iinkqubo, iqhuba njenge-init daemon kwaye ihlala ine-PID 1. Inika inkqubo esemgangathweni yokulawula ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ze-init ezazisa okanye ezimisayo inqanaba lokusebenza ”. Ngokwe-Exp-Debian.org Wiki

Ngokungafaniyo "Kuyo" (Iinkqubo kunye nomphathi weenkonzo ukuqala kweenkqubo ze-Unix), eziqale iinkonzo zisebenzisa iskripthi esinye esibizwa ngokuba "/ Njl / rc", I-SysVinit iqale ukusebenzisa isikhombisi se-schema kwi "/ Etc/rc.d/" equlethe izikripthi zokuqala / zokumisa zeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwaye kwinqanaba leephakeji kunye nemisebenzi yeSysVinit iqulethe iinkqubo zokulawula ukuqala, ukwenziwa kunye nokukhuphela kwazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo. Oku kubandakanya: kumisa, init, killall5, okokugqibela, lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit, utmpdump, kunye nodonga. Ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwabo banqwenela ukufaka nokusebenzisa sysvinit.

Kude kube namhla, umlo phakathi Systemd y sysvinit ibilukhuni, kwaye kufanelekile ukuthelekiswa naleyo WhatsApp y yocingo. Kwaye nangona kuyinyani ukuba uhloniphekile sysvinit ineziphene okanye izithintelo (kuxhomekeke kwimbono yomntu ngamnye), ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zisombululeka ngandlela thile, abaxhasi Systemd rhoqo ngesibindi ukungqina oko Systemd Okwangoku yeyona nto ibalaseleyo kuzo zonke Inkqubo kunye nabaphathi beenkonzo ukuqala kweenkqubo ze Unix Okwangoku.

Ukusuka kuloo nto, kwaye ukusuka kuloo mzabalazo wazalwa Iphulo «Init Inkululeko» (IF) yenzelwe ukuphikisa loo ngxoxo. Init Inkululeko izama ukubuyisela indlela esempilweni kwi-PID1, ehlonipha iyantlukwano kunye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela. Kwimeko apho ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya, ungayifumana ngokundwendwela le khonkco ilandelayo: Iphulo «Init Inkululeko» (IF), ulwazi olufana ne- I-GNU / Linux distros ezisebenzisa ezinye iindlela kwiNkqubo.

Yintoni iSystemd-shim?

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, siyahlangana enye indlela emangalisayo kwiSystemd-shim. Ngokwiphepha lepasela ye-DEBIAN yiphakheji:

Msgstr "" "Ikhuphela umsebenzi weSistim ofunekayo ukuqhuba abancedisi benkqubo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkonzo ye-init."

Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni anokuyenza "Inkqubo-shim" okanye isebenza njani, kulungile ukuyibona isebenza kwi-Distro efumene okuninzi kuyo, Oko kukuthi, I-MX-Linux. Yeyiphi ngokutsho kwabaqulunqi bayo kukuba iMX-Linux inempawu zayo ezizodwa:

"Inika umsebenzisi amandla okukhetha phakathi kweSystemd kunye neSysVinit kwiinkqubo ezifakiweyo. Umdibaniso womlingo owenziwe wabakho yiphakheji ebizwa ngokuba yiSystemd-shim. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwe-systemd-shim kuyekile kwixa elidlulileyo, kwaye i-DEBIAN kutsha nje isusile iphakheji kwiindawo zokugcina zeBuster. Siyaqonda ukuba imeko yangoku ye-systemd-shim ayisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nohlobo lwe-Systemd kwi-DEBIAN Buster, ke sikhangela ukhetho lwekamva le-MX. Ukufezekisa loo nto, inye into esifuna ukuyiphonononga kukuqhubeka kophuhliso lwe-systemd-shim (kunye naziphi na ii-patches ezisemgangathweni ezinokuba yimfuneko yenkqubo-shim ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo).

Inkqubo-shim inike iziphumo ezilungileyo kwi-MX-Linux, ngaphandle kokusebenza ngokugqwesileyo kunye nezibonelelo zeDistro, I-MX-Linux iphezulu kwi-Distrowatch kwaye inezicwangciso zexesha elizayo zokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa Inkqubo-shim kuhlobo olutsha lwe-MX-Linux 19 kungekudala izokwaziswa ngokusekwe E-DEBIAN 10 (Buster).

Ndincoma ngokwam MX-Linux 18.X nge-Systemd-shimnjengoko ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusebenza kakhulu. Kwaye kwimeko yam indivumele ukuba ndenze eyam i-Distro esekwe kuyo, endiyibize ngokuba: MilagrOS GNU / Linux.

Ezinye iindlela?

Isishwankathelo, kubandakanya nezo zikhankanyiweyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezikhoyo «Abalawuli beeNkqubo neeNkonzo zeNkqubo »(init systems) zeLinux a:

• ivula
• baleka
• s6
• umalusi
• Sinit
• inkqubo
• inkqubo-shim
• sysvinit

Isiphelo

Ndiyathemba ukuba esi sithuba siluncedo kakhulu kuwe, ngokwazi okungakumbi malunga nenye yeefayile ze- Kuyo ikhankanyiwe, kwaye ke iyabanceda ukuba bakhethe i-GNU / Linux Distro nge ethile «Umlawuli weeNkqubo kunye neenkonzo zeeNkqubo ». Kwaye pOkokugqibela, kwabo banomdla wokusebenzisa i Systemd, Ndicebisa ukufunda eli khonkco lilandelayo: Iintsomi ezinkulu Systemd.